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SOA and WS-BPEL
Composing Service-Oriented Solutions with PHP and
ActiveBPEL
Yuli Vasiliev
BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
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SOA and WS-BPEL
Copyright © 2007 Packt Publishing
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First published: September 2007
Production Reference: 1040907
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
32 Lincoln Road
Olton
Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK.
ISBN 978-1-847192-70-7
www.packtpub.com
Cover Image by Vinayak Chittar ([email protected])
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Credits
Author Project Coordinator
Yuli Vasiliev Abhijeet Deobhakta
Reviewer Indexer
Robert Mark Bhushan Pangaonkar
Acquisition Editor Proofreader
Priyanka Baruah Chris Smith
Technical Editor Production Coordinator
Akshara Aware Shantanu Zagade
Editorial Manager Cover Designer
Dipali Chittar Shantanu Zagade
Project Manager
Patricia Weir
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About the Author
Yuli Vasiliev is a software developer, freelance author, and consultant
currently specializing in open-source development, Oracle technologies,
and service-oriented architecture (SOA). He has over 10 years of software
development experience as well as several years of technical writing experience.
He wrote a series of technical articles for Oracle Technology Network (OTN) and
Oracle Magazine.
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Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Web Services, SOA, and WS‑BPEL Technologies 5
Web Services 6
Communicating via SOAP 6
Binding with WSDL 10
Using XML Schema Types within WSDL Definitions 14
Service‑Oriented Architecture 17
Basic Principles of Service Orientation 17
Applying SOA Principles 19
SOA Compositions 25
Orchestration 25
Choreography 26
WS‑BPEL 28
WS-BPEL Processes 28
WSDL Definitions for Composite Services 30
Tools for Designing, Deploying, and
Testing Solutions Based on WS-BPEL 36
Summary 37
Chapter 2: SOAP Servers and Clients with PHP SOAP Extension 39
Building Service Providers and Service Requestors 39
Setting Up the Database 41
Developing the PHP Handler Class 43
Designing the WSDL Document 44
Building the SOAP Server 46
Building the Service Requestor 46
Testing the Service 48
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Table of Contents
Using XML Schemas with WSDL 49
Including XML Schema Data Type Definitions in WSDL 49
Importing XML Schemas into WSDL Documents 52
Getting Data Types Defined in the XML Schema 54
Transmitting Complex Type Data 55
Exchanging Complex Data Structures with PHP SOAP Extension 56
Structuring Complex Data for Sending 60
Converting SOAP Messages' Payloads to XML 62
Using PHP SOAP Extension Tracing Capabilities 65
Dealing with Attributes 66
Transforming XML Documents with XSLT 75
Extending PHP SOAP Extension Predefined Classes 81
Defining Parameter‑Driven Operations 83
Summary 87
Chapter 3: Designing Data‑Centric Web Services 89
Which Database to Choose 90
Using MySQL 93
Building a Service Interacting with MySQL 94
Storing XML Data in Relational Tables 97
Using Oracle Database XE 103
Using XML Schemas with Oracle XML DB 104
XML Schema Validation Considerations 111
Defining Parameter‑Driven Operations on Data‑Centric Services 117
Defining XSD Types for Parameters 117
Moving Conditional Logic into the Database 119
Summary 123
Chapter 4: Building Web Service Applications 125
Defining Parameter‑Driven Operations on Fine‑Grained Services 125
Putting Info on Fine-Grained Services in a Separate XML File 127
Building Fine-Grained Services 128
Creating the Coarse-Grained Service 132
Testing the Application 134
Exposing Application Logic as a Web Service 135
Sharing the Same PHP Handler Class Between Services 136
Choosing the Appropriate Level of Service Granularity 139
Securing Services 143
Implementing Message-Level Security 143
Using SOAP Message Headers 150
Using WS-Security for Message-Level Security 157
Summary 161
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Table of Contents
Chapter 5: Composing SOA Solutions with WS‑BPEL 163
Getting Started with WS‑BPEL 163
How it Works 164
The Structure of a WS-BPEL Definition 165
An Example of a WS-BPEL Definition 167
Using ActiveBPEL Engine 174
Taking Advantage of the ActiveBPEL Open-Source Engine Project 176
Your First ActiveBPEL Project 176
Structure of the Business Process Archive (BPR) to
be Deployed to the ActiveBPEL Engine 177
Designing WSDL for the WS-BPEL Process Service 178
Creating the WSDL Catalog 180
Designing the WS-BPEL Process Definition 180
Creating the Process Deployment Descriptor (PDD) Document 182
Deploying the WS-BPEL Process Service 182
Testing the WS-BPEL Process Service 186
Implementing Service‑Oriented Orchestrations 187
Creating the WSDL Definition Describing the WS-BPEL Process 187
Creating the WSDL Catalog 189
Creating the WS-BPEL Business Definition Containing Conditional Logic 189
Creating the PDD Document 193
Deploying the WS-BPEL Process Service 194
Testing the WS-BPEL Process Service 195
Summary 196
Chapter 6: ActiveBPEL Designer 197
Getting Started with ActiveBPEL Designer 197
Overview of ActiveBPEL Designer's User Interface 198
Your First Project in ActiveBPEL Designer 200
Creating the Project 200
Adding the WSDL Definition 201
Creating the WS-BPEL Process 203
Creating the Deployment Descriptor 207
Creating the Deployment Archive 208
Deploying the WS-BPEL Service to the ActiveBPEL Server
Shipped with ActiveBPEL Designer 210
Testing the WS-BPEL Process Service 212
Implementing Service‑Oriented Orchestrations with
ActiveBPEL Designer 212
Creating the Project 213
Adding the WSDL Describing the WS-BPEL Process 213
Adding the WSDL Definitions Describing the Partner Services 214
Creating the Process Definition 214
Creating the Process Deployment Descriptor 223
Deploying the WS-BPEL Process Service 226
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Testing the WS-BPEL Process Service 227
Summary 228
Chapter 7: WS‑BPEL Process Modeling 229
Concurrency, Synchronization, and
Asynchronous Communication in WS‑BPEL 229
Parallel Processing versus Sequential Processing 230
Parallel Processing in a Loop 231
Asynchronous Communication 232
Implementing Concurrency with the Flow Container 234
Defining Partner Services 234
Creating the Project 237
Creating the WSDL Describing the WS-BPEL Process 237
Adding Partner WSDL Definitions as Web References 239
Creating the Process Definition 240
Creating the Process Deployment Descriptor 243
Deploying the Process Service 245
Testing the Sequential Version of the WS-BPEL Process 246
Replacing Sequence with Flow 247
Testing the WS-BPEL Process Using a Parallel Flow
to Handle Partner Services 248
Implementing a Parallel Loop 249
Defining the Partner Service Being Called from within the Loop 249
Creating the Project 251
Creating the WSDL Describing the WS-BPEL Process 252
Adding WSDL Definitions as Web References 255
Creating the Process Definition 255
Creating the PDD Descriptor 258
Deploying the WS-BPEL Process Service 260
Testing the Sequential Form of the forEach Activity 261
Moving to a Parallel forEach 263
Testing the Parallel forEach 264
Building an Asynchronous WS‑BPEL Process Service 265
Creating the Project 265
Creating the WSDL Describing the Asynchronous WS-BPEL Process 266
Creating the WSDL Describing the WS-BPEL Process Calling the
Asynchronous WS-BPEL Process 267
Creating the Process Definition for the Calling Process 270
Creating the Process Definition for the Called Process 273
Creating the PDD Descriptor for the Calling Process 275
Creating the PDD Descriptor for the Called Process 278
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