Smith's textbook of endourology

2092 Pages·2019·70.287 MB·English

by  Louis R. Kavoussi (editor), Glenn M. Preminger (editor), (Urologist) Arthur D. Smith (editor), Ardeshir R. Rastinehad (editor), Gopal H. Badlani (editor)

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Smith’s Textbook of Endourology
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Smith’s Textbook of Endourology
Fourth Edition
VOLUME 1
Edited by
Arthur D. Smith, MD
Professor of Urology
The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
Lake Success, NY, USA
Glenn M. Preminger, MD
James F. Glenn Professor of Urology and Chief
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC, USA
Louis R. Kavoussi, MD
Waldbaum Gardner Professor and Chairman
The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
Lake Success, NY, USA
Gopal H. Badlani, MD, FACS, FRCS (Hon)
Vice Chair Urology
Professor of Urology and Gynecology
Wake Forest University
Winston‐Salem, NC, USA
Assistant Editor
Ardeshir R. Rastinehad, DO, FACOS
Associate Professor of Urology and Radiology
Director of Focal Therapy and Interventional Urologic Oncology
Department of Radiology and Urology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, NY, USA
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This edition first published 2019
© 2019 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History
Wiley‐Blackwell (3e, 2012)
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ISBN 9781119241355
Cover images: © Tewan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; © ilbusca/Getty Images; © Gopal H. Badlani
Cover design by Wiley
Set in 10/12 pt Warnock Pro by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
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Contents
List of Contributors xvi
Foreword xl
Preface xli
About the Companion Website xliii
VOLUME 1
SECTION 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES
1 Care and Sterilization of Instruments 3
Carol Olsen
2 Radiation Safety During Diagnosis and Treatment 14
Yasser A. Noureldin & Sero Andonian
3 Enhanced Endoscopic Imaging 38
Ghalib A. Jibara & Michael E. Lipkin
4 Preoperative Antibiotics and Prevention of Sepsis in Urologic Endoscopic Surgery 57
Manish N. Patel & Jorge Gutierrez-Aceves
5 Management of the Anticoagulated Patient 73
Zeph Okeke
SECTION 2 PERCUTANEOUS RENAL SURGERY
Part 1 Perioperative Considerations
6 Surgical Anatomy of the Kidney for Endourological Procedures 87
Francisco J.B. Sampaio
7 Nephrolithometric Scoring Systems for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 108
Roshan Patel, Daniel J. Lama, & Zhamshid Okhunov
8 Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction 124
Frederick A. Gulmi & Diane Felsen
9 Organizing the Endourological Operating Room 143
Ravindra B. Sabnis, Abhishek Singh, & Shashikant Mishra
10 Endoscopic Training/Simulation 159
Zichen Zhao & Robert M. Sweet
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Part 2 Patient Positioning for Percutaneous Access
11 Patient Positioning, the Supine Position, and the Rationale of ECIRS 173
Cesare M. Scoffone & Cecilia M. Cracco
12 Prone, Lateral, and Flexed: Patient Positioning for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 185
Robert J. Sowerby, A. Andrew Ray, & R. John D’A. Honey
Part 3 Imaging for Access
13 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Under Fluoroscopic Control 210
Norberto O. Bernardo & Maximiliano Lopez Silva
14 Dyna-CT-Guided versus Standard CT-Guided Renal Access 221
Manuel Ritter & Maurice-Stephan Michel
15 Endoscopically Guided Percutaneous Renal Access 229
Zhamshid Okhunov, Kamaljot S. Kaler, Simone Vernez, Rahul Dutta, Jaime Landman, & Ralph V. Clayman
16 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Under Ultrasound 237
Mahesh R. Desai & Arvind P. Ganpule
17 New Concepts of Renal Access: iPad, GPS, and Others 244
Estevao Lima, Pedro L. Rodrigues, Marie-Claire Rassweiler-Seyfried, & João L. Vilaça
Part 4 Selection of Access and Dilation
18 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Upper Pole Access 255
Davis P. Viprakasit & Nicole L. Miller
19 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access Without Image Guidance 264
Arthur D. Smith
20 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access: Robotic 269
Michelle Jo Semins, Dan Stoianovici, & Brian R. Matlaga
21 Dilation of the Nephrostomy Tract 275
Peter Alken
Part 5 Stone Removal
22 Rigid and Flexible Nephroscopy 285
Timothy Y. Tran & Mantu Gupta
23 Percutaneous Antegrade Ureteroscopy 294
Burak Turna, Umit Eskidemir, & Oktay Nazli
24 Small-caliber Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Mini, UMP, and Micro-Perc 301
Janak D. Desai & Arkadiusz Miernik
25 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Special Problems with Staghorns 310
Monica A. Farcas & Kenneth T. Pace
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Contents vii
26 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Stone Extraction and Lithotripsy 322
Samir Derisavifard & Arthur D. Smith
27 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children 332
Adam S. Howe, Jordan S. Gitlin, & R. John D’A. Honey
Part 6 Other Uses of Nephrostomy Access
28 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy of Calyceal Diverticula, Infundibular Stenosis, and Simple Cysts 341
Nadya E. York & James E. Lingeman
29 Percutaneous Instillation of Chemolytic, Chemotherapeutic, and Antifungal Agents 353
Mohamed A. Elkoushy, Philippe D. Violette, & Sero Andonian
30 Percutaneous Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction 377
Michael W. Sourial, Bodo E. Knudsen, & Paul J. Van Cangh
31 Percutaneous Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma 384
Shu Pan & Piruz Motamedinia
Part 7 Exit Strategy and Complications
32 The Access-related Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 390
Vinaya Vasudevan, Zeph Okeke, & Arthur D. Smith
33 Hemorrhagic Complications Associated with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 397
Sriram V. Eleswarapu & David A. Leavitt
34 Diagnosis and Management of Thoracic Complications of Percutaneous Renal Surgery 409
John R. Bell & Stephen Y. Nakada
35 Bowel and Other Organ Injuries with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 422
John J. Knoedler, Matthew T. Gettman, & Chad J. Fleming
36 Exit Strategies After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 427
Damien M. Bolton & Derek B. Hennessey
37 Problems with Residual Stones 441
Noah E. Canvasser & Margaret S. Pearle
SECTION 3 URETEROSCOPY
Part 1 General Principles
38 Ureteral Anatomy 455
Gary Faerber, Amir H. Lebastchi, & Rita P. Jen
39 Rigid Ureteroscopes 465
Omar M. Aboumarzouk & Francis X. Keeley, Jr.
40 Flexible Ureteroscopes 475
Vincent G. Bird & John M. Shields
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41 Rigid Ureteroscope with Flexible Tip and Special Instrumentation 486
Yinghao Sun & Xiaofeng Gao
42 Digital Ureteroscopes 497
Murat Binbay & Burak Ucpinar
43 Ureteroscopy Working Instruments 506
Renato N. Pedro & Manoj Monga
44 Access to the Ureter: Rigid Ureteroscopy 514
Jose De La Cerda, III & Timothy Y. Tseng
45 Access to the Ureter: Flexible Ureteroscopy 521
Ojas Shah & Mark V. Silva
46 Ureteroscopy Energy Sources 532
Daniel A. Wollin & Glenn M. Preminger
47 Ureteroscopic Management of Ureteral Calculi 542
Charles U. Nottingham, Melanie A. Adamsky,
Richard J. Fantus, & Glenn S. Gerber
48 Ureteroscopic Management of Renal Calculi 549
Steeve Doizi & Olivier Traxer
49 Diagnostic Ureteroscopy 562
Hendrik Heers & Benjamin W. Turney
50 Ureteroscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Neoplasms 568
Scott G. Hubosky & Demetrius H. Bagley
Part 2 Ureteroscopic Management of Ureteral Obstruction
51 Retrograde Endopyelotomy 584
Weil R. Lai & Raju Thomas
52 Endoscopic Management of Mid-ureteral Obstruction 592
Samuel Abourbih & D. Duane Baldwin
53 Endoscopic Management of Distal Ureteral Strictures 604
Michael Zhang, Ali Fathollahi, Joel Hillesohn, & Majid Eshghi
54 Endoscopic Management of Ureteroenteric Strictures 629
Thomas Masterson & Robert Marcovich
55 Ureterorenoscopy: Ureteral Stents and Postoperative Care 642
Ben H. Chew, Anthony Emmott, Dirk Lange, & Ryan F. Paterson
56 Ureteroscopy Complications 653
Joel E. Abbott & Roger L. Sur
57 Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in the Future: Robotics 668
Anup Patel
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Contents ix
SECTION 4 SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY
58 Physics of Shock-wave Lithotripsy 691
Andreas Neisius & Pei Zhong
59 Lithotripsy Systems 713
Geert G. Tailly
60 Shock-wave Lithotripsy of Renal Calculi 731
Brian H. Eisner & Naren Nimmagadda
61 Shock-wave Lithotripsy of Ureteral Calculi 745
Thomas Tailly & Hassan Razvi
62 Complications of Shock-wave Lithotripsy 756
Christian Türk & Aleš Petřík
SECTION 5 STONE MANAGEMENT IN UROLOGY
Part 1 General Principles
63 Natural History of Stones 765
Johann P. Ingimarsson & Amy E. Krambeck
64 Initial Choice of Therapy in the Stone Patient 777
Peter L. Steinberg & David M. Hoenig
65 Management of Urolithiasis in Pregnancy 786
Husain Alenezi & John D. Denstedt
66 Management of Renal Colic and Triage in the Emergency Department 798
Marius C. Conradie
Part 2 Management of Stones in Abnormal Situations
67 Management of Stones in Horseshoe Kidneys 811
Chandra Shekhar Biyani & Adrian D. Joyce
68 Pelvic Kidneys 818
Win Shun Lai, Vidhush K. Yarlagadda, & Dean G. Assimos
69 Management of Stone Disease in Renal Transplant Kidneys 827
Brian Duty & Michael Lam
70 Stones in Urinary Diversions 836
Bodo E. Knudsen & Michael W. Sourial
71 Management of Stones in Obesity 843
Omer L. Tuncay & Cenk Acar
Part 3 Cost-effectiveness and Long-term Stenting
72 Cost-effective Strategies for Stone Management 853
Justin I. Friedlander & Eric M. Ghiraldi
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73 Long-term Stenting of the Ureter 864
Panagiotis Kallidonis, Wissam Kamal, Dimitrios Kotsiris, Dimitrios Karnabatidis, & Evangelos Liatsikos
Index i1
VOLUME 2
SECTION 6 LAPAROSCOPY AND ROBOTIC SURGERY
Part 1 General Principles
74 New Surgical Robotics 881
Alabdulaali Ibrahim & Koon Ho Rha
75 Training and Credentialing Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery 887
Domenico Veneziano & David M. Hananel
76 Patient Preparation and Operating Room Setup for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery 901
Weil R. Lai & Benjamin R. Lee
77 Patient Preparation and Operating Room Setup for Robotic Surgery 909
Dima Raskolnikov, Mahir Maruf, & Arvin K. George
78 Physiologic Considerations in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery 917
Adam G. Kaplan & Michael N. Ferrandino
79 Anesthetic Management During Laparoscopic/Robotic Surgery 928
Judith Aronsohn, Oonagh Dowling, & Greg Palleschi
Part 2 Instrumentation, Access, and Exit
80 Laparoscopic Surgery: Basic Instrumentation 944
Ornob Roy
81 Robotic Surgery: Basic Instrumentation and Troubleshooting 954
Wooju Jeong, Mouafak Tourojman, & Craig G. Rogers
82 Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Techniques: Suture, Staple, and Clip Technology 960
Ali Abdel Raheem & Koon Ho Rha
83 Transperitoneal Access and Trocar Placement 973
Angelo Territo & Alberto Breda
84 Retroperitoneal Access and Trocar Placement 987
Lambros Stamatakis & Soroush Rais-Bahrami
85 Basic Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Techniques 994
Sapan N. Ambani & J. Stuart Wolf, Jr.
86 Laparoscopic Exit: Specimen Removal, Closure, and Drainage 1010
Fernando J. Kim, Riccardo Autorino, & Rodrigo Donalisio da Silva
Part 3 Complications
87 Complications in Urologic Laparoscopy 1021
David Canes, Camilo Giedelman, & Rene J. Sotelo
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