Table Of Contenta LANGE medical book
Smith & Tanagho’s
General Urology
EIGHTEENTH EDITION
Edited by
Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon)
Professor of Urology
University of California School of Medicine
Chief, Department of Urology
San Francisco General Hospital
San Francisco, California
Tom F. Lue, MD, FACS, ScD (Hon)
Professor of Urology
Department of Urology
University of California School of Medicine
San Francisco, California
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Dedication
Emil A. Tanagho, MD
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Contents
Contributors vii 11 Retrograde Instrumentation of
Preface x the Urinary Tract 159
Marshall L. Stoller, MD
1 Anatomy of the Genitourinary Tract 1
Emil A. Tanagho, MD, & Tom F. Lue, MD, 12 Urinary Obstruction & Stasis 170
FACS, ScD (Hon)
Emil A. Tanagho, MD, & Tom F. Lue, MD,
FACS, ScD (Hon)
2 Embryology of the Genitourinary
System 17
13 Vesicoureteral Reflux 182
Emil A. Tanagho, MD, & Hiep T. Nguyen, MD
Emil A. Tanagho, MD, & Hiep T. Nguyen, MD
3 Symptoms of Disorders of
the Genitourinary Tract 31 14 Bacterial Infections of
the Genitourinary Tract 197
Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon)
Hiep T. Nguyen, MD
4 Physical Examination of
the Genitourinary Tract 41 15 Specific Infections of
the Genitourinary Tract 223
Maxwell V. Meng, MD, MPH, & Emil A. Tanagho, MD
Emil A. Tanagho, MD, & Christopher J. Kane, MD
5 Urologic Laboratory Examination 48
16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 238
Sima P. Porten, MD, MPH, &
Kirsten L. Greene, MD, MS John N. Krieger, MD
6 Radiology of the Urinary Tract 61 17 Urinary Stone Disease 249
Scott Gerst, MD, & Hedvig Hricak, MD, PhD Marshall L. Stoller, MD
7 Vascular Interventional Radiology 103 18 Injuries to the Genitourinary Tract 280
Roy L. Gordon, MD Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon)
8 Percutaneous Endourology & 19 Immunology & Immunotherapy of
Ureterorenoscopy 112 Urologic Cancers 298
Joachim W. Thüroff, MD, & Rolf Gillitzer, MD Eric J. Small, MD
9 Laparoscopic Surgery 133 20 Chemotherapy of Urologic Tumors 303
J. Stuart Wolf Jr., MD, FACS, & Eric J. Small, MD
Marshall L. Stoller, MD
21 Urothelial Carcinoma: Cancers of
10 Robotic Surgery in Urology 149 the Bladder, Ureter, & Renal Pelvis 310
Maxwell V. Meng, MD, MPH Badrinath R. Konety, MD, MBA, &
Peter R. Carroll, MD, MPH
v
vi (cid:1) CONTENTS
22 Renal Parenchymal Neoplasms 330 34 Acute Kidney Injury & Oliguria 540
Badrinath R. Konety, MD, MBA, Daniel A. Vaena, MD, Brian K. Lee, MD, & Flavio G. Vincenti, MD
& Richard D. Williams, MD
35 Chronic Kidney Disease &
23 Neoplasms of the Prostate Gland 350 Renal Replacement Therapy 545
Matthew R. Cooperberg, MD, MPH, Brian K. Lee, MD, & Flavio G. Vincenti, MD
Joseph C. Presti Jr., MD, Katsuto Shinohara, MD, &
Peter R. Carroll, MD, MPH 36 Renal Transplantation 550
24 Genital Tumors 380 Stuart M. Flechner, MD, FACS
Joseph C. Presti, Jr., MD
37 Disorders of the Ureter &
Ureteropelvic Junction 570
25 Urinary Diversion &
Bladder Substitutions 393 Barry A. Kogan, MD
Badrinath R. Konety, MD, MBA,
38 Disorders of the Bladder, Prostate, &
Susan Barbour, RN, MS, WOCN, &
Seminal Vesicles 583
Peter R. Carroll, MD, MPH
Katsuto Shinohara, MD
26 Radiotherapy of Urologic Tumors 408
39 Male Sexual Dysfunction 596
Alexander R. Gottschalk, MD, PhD,
Joycelyn L. Speight, MD, PhD, & Tom F. Lue, MD, FACS, ScD (Hon)
Mack Roach III, MD
40 Female Urology & Female Sexual
27 Neurophysiology & Pharmacology of
Dysfunction 617
the Lower Urinary Tract 429
Donna Y. Deng, MD, MS, & Alan W. Shindel, MD
Karl-Erik Andersson, MD, PhD
41 Disorders of the Penis & Male Urethra 633
28 Neuropathic Bladder Disorders 442
Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon)
Tom F. Lue, MD, FACS, ScD (Hon), &
Emil A. Tanagho, MD
42 Disorders of the Female Urethra 647
29 Urodynamic Studies 458 Donna Y. Deng, MD, MS, & Emil A. Tanagho, MD
Sherif R. Absoeif, MD, & Emil A. Tanagho, MD
43 Disorders of Sex Development 654
30 Urinary Incontinence 480 Laurence S. Baskin, MD
Tom F. Lue, MD, FACS, ScD (Hon), &
Emil A. Tanagho, MD 44 Male Infertility 687
Thomas J. Walsh, MD, MS, & James F. Smith, MD, MS
31 Disorders of the Adrenal Glands 498
Christopher J. Kane, MD, FACS 45 The Aging Male 720
James F. Smith, MD, MS, & Thomas J. Walsh, MD, MS
32 Disorders of the Kidneys 513
Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon) Appendix: Normal Laboratory Values 731
Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon)
33 Diagnosis of Medical Renal Diseases 529
Brian K. Lee, MD, & Flavio G. Vincenti, MD
Index 735
Contributors
Sherif R. Aboseif, MD Stuart M. Flechner, MD, FACS
Director, West Coast Center for Urinary Ken and Donna Derr-Chevron Endowed Chair in Prostate
Incontinence and Reconstructive Urology Cancer
St. John Medical Center Department of Urology
Oxnard, California Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio
Karl-Erik Andersson, MD, PhD
Institute for Regenerative Medicine Scott Gerst, MD
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Associate Attending
Winston Salem, North Carolina Radiology
Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Susan Barbour, RN, MS, WOCN Center
Clinical Nurse Specialist New York, New York
University of California Medical Center
San Francisco, California Rolf Gillitzer, MD
Associate Professor
Laurence S. Baskin, MD Department of Urology
Chief of Pediatric Urology Johannes Gutenberg University
Department of Urology Mainz, Germany
University of California Children’s Medical Center
San Francisco, California Roy L. Gordon, MD
Attending Urologist Professor of Radiology
Children’s Hospital Oakland Department of Radiology
Oakland, California University of California
San Francisco, California
Peter R. Carroll, MD, MPH
Professor Alexander R. Gottschalk, MD, PhD
Ken and Donna Derr-Chevron Endowed Chair in Prostate Associate Professor
Cancer Director of Cyberknife
Department of Urology Department of Radiation Oncology
University of California School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California San Francisco, California
Matthew R. Cooperberg, MD, MPH Kirsten L. Greene, MD, MS
Assistant Professor Department of Urology
Department of Urology University of California, San Francisco
UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center San Francisco, California
San Francisco, California
Hedvig Hricak, MD, PhD
Donna Y. Deng, MD, MS Chairman
Ken and Donna Derr-Chevron Endowed Chair in Prostate Department of Radiology
Cancer Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Department of Urology Professor of Radiology
University of California School of Medicine Cornell University
San Francisco, California New York, New York
vii
viii (cid:1) CONTRIBUTORS
Christopher J. Kane, MD, FACS Hiep T. Nguyen, MD
Associate Professor of Urology Associate Professor
University of California School of Medicine Surgery and Urology
Chief Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital
Department of Urology Boston, Massachussets
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
San Francisco, California Sima P. Porten, MD, MPH
Urology Resident
Barry A. Kogan, MD Department of Urology
Professor, Surgery and Pediatrics University of San Francisco
Falk Chair in Urology San Francisco, California
Albany Medical College
Albany, New York Joseph C. Presti, Jr., MD
Associate Professor of Urology
Badrinath R. Konety, MD, MBA Director, Genitourinary Oncology Program
Assistant Professor of Urology and Epidemiology Department of Urology
Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine
University of Iowa Stanford, California
Iowa City, Iowa
Mack Roach III, MD
John N. Krieger, MD Professor of Radiation Oncology and Urology
Professor of Urology Department of Urology
University of Washington University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco
School of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center
Seattle, Washington San Francisco, California
Brian K. Lee, MD Alan W. Shindel, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor Assistant Professor
The Connie Frank Kidney Transplant Center Department of Urology
UCSF Medical Center University of California, Davis
San Francisco, California Sacramento, California
Tom F. Lue, MD, FACS, ScD (Hon) Katsuto Shinohara, MD
Professor of Urology Professor
Department of Urology Helen Diller Family Chair in Clinical Urology
University of California School of Medicine Department of Urology
San Francisco, California University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Jack W. McAninch, MD, FACS, FRCS(E)(Hon)
Professor of Urology Eric J. Small, MD
University of California School of Medicine Professor of Medicine and Urology
Chief Urologic Oncology Program
Department of Urology University of California School of Medicine
San Francisco General Hospital Program Member
San Francisco, California UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center
San Francisco, California
Maxwell V. Meng, MD, MPH
Associate Professor James F. Smith, MD, MS
Department of Urology Assistant Professor-in-Residence
University of California School of Medicine Director, Male Reproductive Health
San Francisco, California Departments of Urology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and
Reproductive Sciences
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
CONTRIBUTORS (cid:1) ix
Joycelyn L. Speight, MD, PhD Daniel A. Vaena, MD
Clinical Instructor of Radiation Oncology Associate Professor
University of California School of Medicine Hematology, Oncology & BMT Service
Member Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology
UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Iowa
San Francisco, California Iowa City, Iowa
Marshall L. Stoller, MD Thomas J. Walsh, MD, MS
Professor of Urology Assistant Professor
Department of Urology Department of Urology
University of California School of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine
San Francisco, California Seattle, Washington
Emil A. Tanagho, MD Richard D. Williams, MD
Professor of Urology Professor and Head
Department of Urology Rubin H. Flocks Chair
University of California School of Medicine Department of Urology
San Francisco, California University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa
Joachim W. Thüroff, MD
Professor J. Stuart Wolf, Jr., MD, FACS
Department of Urology The David A Bloom Professor of Urology
University Medical Center University of Michigan
Mainz, Germany Ann Arbor, Michigan
Flavio G. Vincenti, MD
Clinical Professor
The Connie Frank Kidney Transplant Center
UCSF Medical Center
San Francisco, California
