Smart Mobility – Connecting Everyone: Trends, Concepts and Best Practices

294 Pages·2017·13.018 MB·English

by  Barbara Flügge (eds.)

Smart Mobility – Connecting Everyone
Barbara Flügge
Editor
Smart Mobility – Connecting
Everyone
Trends, Concepts and Best Practices
Editor
Barbara Flügge
SAP (Switzerland) Ltd.
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ISBN 978-3-658-15621-3 ISBN 978-3-658-15622-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-15622-0
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Foreword
As we live in an ever more populated, urban and connected world, the need to better manage
how we move people and goods around is apparent to many. Whether by moving less, or
by moving more efficiently, shifts are evidently taking place across many regions and
industries. From developments in public transportation in South America and high-speed
trains in China to autonomous trucks and self-driving cars in California and Germany,
we can see rapid change already occurring in some areas and appearing on the horizon in
others. The principle of Smart Mobility as the overall encompassing concept for a more
connected and efficient ecosystem is therefore both timely and relevant for many.
Whether a government, city, company or individual, understanding what new develop-
ments are taking place, where and how, as well as seeing the associated opportunities and
challenges is fundamental to enabling the right decisions for the future to be made. This
book is an important contribution to the discussion and helps to make sense of multiple
different views in a coherent and accessible manner.
• By looking at the whole smart mobility ecosystem rather than prioritizing one facet
or platform, it helps us see the bigger picture: seeing the interconnection between the
digital and the physical worlds, addressing both people and cargo needs, and under-
standing the underlying building blocks for the new infrastructure, all provide this
insight.
• Moreover, by exploring different usage scenarios, it also allows us to see the varied
options that might play out: with no universal blueprint likely globally, many see
that different mobility solutions will be applied in different locations to address dif-
ferent needs and, consequently, considering the varied possibilities from such shifts
as car-sharing, mobile ticketing and dynamic pricing all helps to provide context for
change.
With major trends such as on-demand mobility, driverless-vehicles and electric trans-
port all now having an impact in leading locations around the world, having an objective
and pragmatic view of how these may play out is important for all. Some countries’ and
cities’ mobility solutions will advance quickly, others will take time. Some, especially in
v
vi Foreword
fast-growing economies, will be able to leapfrog today’s leaders, while others will struggle
to catch up.
If you look 50 or so years into the future, many can see a world where mobility will be
increasingly digital, clean, safe and efficient. The end destination is clear. What is uncer-
tain is the journey that will, in some cases, be bumpy, lumpy and include a few wrong
turns. In others, progress may be smooth. Seeing the possible and probable changes in
context is a vital asset and books such as this make an important contribution to the mix.
Program Director, Future Agenda Tim Jones
Preface
Pragmatic optimism – this is how 2016’s Pritzker prize winner Alejandro Aravena describes
his approach to making holistic and innovative architectural concepts, deployable in eco-
nomically disadvantaged areas or regions that have encountered natural catastrophes.
Similar to an architect, the variety and complexity of ecosystems and their challenges
drive my work. Ecosystems that make up our living and working spaces, either on-site or
remote, compete for awareness, investment, project budgets and creative heads like that of
Mr Aravena who resolves any disputes despite budgeting constraints and sheer hopeless
conditions on-site!
Regardless of whether the ecosystems consist of 20 participants or several hundreds or
thousands of organizations, each of them has legitimacy. And any of the ecosystems can
be decoded via a method that has been researched over the past years. Technology is not
the critical element necessarily. It is rather a synthesis of strategic, functional and technical
elements flanked by innovation empowerment and the willingness to change that make the
decoding happen.
Mobility is a basic need of human beings, one that seeks fulfillment on the one hand.
On the other hand, mobility raises the expectation that designers and decision makers
will treat mobility needs in a responsible manner. Locations without access are living
spaces of the past, as everyone would certainly agree. But how far are we reaching out in
our thinking and decision capabilities to connect everyone? Are holistic concepts realisti-
cally suitable for smaller ecosystems and medium-sized cities that have less budgeting and
investment means and are faced with fading innovation capacity?
Throughout my work with decision makers, forward thinkers, public and private enti-
ties, non-profit organizations and start-ups the ecosystems’ viewpoint has opened up the
discourse and has been well received. Curiosity and interest do matter more than remote
couch surfing. I am often questioned about which steps to take first. Hereby, I encounter
the need for a procedure model and a roadmap that outlines these steps. Another aspect
that is questioned by individual interest groups is the role of the many individual con-
tributors: many acting in isolation or solely pursuing their vision of participatory mobil-
ity deployment. Who is supporting? How does competence building take place and who
coaches? The extra mile is often up to single organizations, interest groups and employees.
To those I dedicate this book!
vii
viii Preface
I would like to sincerely thank all co-authors for their exciting insights and contribu-
tions that enrich, suggest and exemplify mobility matters and trends from various distinct
viewpoints and levels of detail. I would like to thank Tim Jones for his introductory words
and his contribution. Finally, my special thanks go to the Springer team for its support and
help.
To all readers: I hope that you encounter new and exciting perspectives. Happy reading
and I am looking forward to your feedback!
St. Gallen, 2017 Barbara Flügge
Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................... 1
Barbara Flügge
Part I Mobility is Everywhere
2 Reflecting the Status Quo ............................................ 7
Barbara Flügge
2.1 Mobility – Change for the Good ................................... 9
2.2 How to Measure and Compare Mobility ............................. 14
2.3 Traffic Volume in Passenger Traffic ................................. 15
2.4 Buying and Consumer Behavior of Individual Travelers ................ 17
2.5 Travel Business as a Key Contributor to Economic Growth .............. 20
2.6 Freight Transport Stimulating Economic Growth ...................... 24
2.7 Mobility as a Guarantor for Successful Supply Chain Management ........ 26
2.8 Mobility Creation and Preservation, Traffic Safety and Sustainability ...... 31
2.8.1 Mobility Creation ......................................... 31
2.8.2 Mobility Preservation ...................................... 33
2.8.3 Traffic Safety and Sustainability ............................. 36
2.9 Traffic Management Systems and IT Trends .......................... 37
2.9.1 Intelligent Transport Systems ............................... 37
2.9.2 A Global Study About Mobility in 20 Cities .................... 42
2.9.3 Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things ........................ 43
3 The Mobility Ecosystem ............................................. 47
Barbara Flügge
3.1 Driving Mobility Through Smart Mobility Design ..................... 48
3.2 Introducing Ecosystems .......................................... 49
3.2.1 Habitats in Nature ........................................ 49
3.2.2 Economic Constructs and Other Ecosystems ................... 50
3.3 The Digital Ecosystem ........................................... 54
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x Contents
3.4 About Users, Consumers and Personae ............................. 55
3.4.1 Targeting and Designing an Ecosystem Through
Consumer Behavior ...................................... 55
3.4.2 The Digital Consumer .................................... 57
3.5 Servitization and Interactions .................................... 58
3.5.1 Services, the Commodity for Intelligent Applications
and Things ............................................. 58
3.5.2 The Internet of Services Role Model ......................... 61
3.6 Depicting Reality in Scenarios and Use Cases ....................... 67
4 The Digital Economy and the Promise of a New Mobility ................ 69
Heinrich Pfriemer
4.1 The Term Digital Economy ...................................... 70
4.2 Strategic Innovation as a Key Enabler in the Digital Economy ........... 71
5 The Smart Mobility Ecosystem ...................................... 75
Barbara Flügge
5.1 The Role Play ................................................. 76
5.2 Smart Mobility Role Model ...................................... 85
5.2.1 Impact of Smart Mobility on Existing Sectors ................. 85
5.2.2 Transformation into the Digital Era .......................... 86
5.3 Service Enablement and Service Enrichment ........................ 88
5.4 The Smart Mobility Ecosystem ................................... 95
6 Focus of this Publication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Barbara Flügge
Part II Smart Mobility hits the Road
7 Smart Mobility Usage Scenarios I .................................... 105
Stefanie Baumann and Michael Püschner
7.1 Smart Services ................................................ 107
7.1.1 Mobility Platforms for Route Optimization and Intermodal
Ticketing in Transportation ................................ 107
7.1.2 Smart Parking Solutions .................................. 108
7.1.3 Automated Logistics ..................................... 109
7.1.4 New Flexibility in Public Transport .......................... 109
7.2 Smart Data ................................................... 110
7.3 Smart Products ................................................ 111
7.4 Smart Spaces ................................................. 111
7.5 New Concepts and Roles ........................................ 112