Table Of ContentGreen Energy and Technology
Daphne Mah
Peter Hills
Victor O. K. Li
Richard Balme Editors
Smart Grid
Applications and
Developments
Green Energy and Technology
For furthervolumes:
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Daphne Mah Peter Hills
• •
Victor O. K. Li Richard Balme
•
Editors
Smart Grid Applications
and Developments
123
Editors
DaphneMah Victor O.K.Li
Department of Geography Department of Electricaland Electronic
Hong KongBaptistUniversity Engineering
Hong Kong The Universityof HongKong
People’s Republic ofChina Hong Kong
People’s Republic ofChina
Peter Hills
The KadoorieInstitute Richard Balme
The Universityof HongKong Paris Schoolof International Affairs
Hong Kong andCentre d’Etudes Europeennes
People’s Republic ofChina Sciences Po
Paris
France
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)
ISBN 978-1-4471-6280-3 ISBN 978-1-4471-6281-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6281-0
Springer LondonHeidelberg New YorkDordrecht
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014944724
(cid:2)Springer-VerlagLondon2014
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Acknowledgments
Thisbookisverymuchacollaborativeeffort.Wewishtoextendspecialthanksto
allourcontributingauthorsforcontributingcomplementaryknowledgefromtheir
areasofexpertise,forbeingsoresponsivetoourrequests,andforsubmittingtheir
work in a timely manner. This has certainly made our task as Editors that much
easier.
WealsowishtothankthestaffatSpringerforsupportingourinitialconceptfor
the book, for guiding us through the process of compiling the manuscripts, and
providing assistance in the production of this book.
WeowespecialthankstoMs.KabooLeung,whowasaresearchassistantinthe
KadoorieInstitute ofthe Universityof Hong Kong and latterly inthe Department
of Geography at Hong Kong Baptist University, for her excellent support
throughoutthepreparationofthebook.Withouthercontinuousassistanceandher
attention to detail it would have been difficult to complete the project.
We would also like to record a special note of appreciation for the project
funding received from the Hong Kong Baptist University (through Faculty
ResearchGrantsfromthe Faculty ofSocial Sciences)andthe UniversityofHong
Kong (through the Initiative on Clean Energy and Environment). These grants
helped to fund the research on which several of the chapters are based.
Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the general support that we have received
from the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Baptist University, and Sciences
Po which has allowed us to develop and extend our work on smart grids.
July 2014 Daphne Mah
Peter Hills
Victor O. K. Li
Richard Balme
v
Contents
Part I Introduction
Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Daphne Mah, Peter Hills, Victor O. K. Li and Richard Balme
A Holistic View on Developing Smart Grids
for a Low-Carbon Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
John W. M. Cheng
Part II Technical Characteristics of Smart Grid
Status and Prospects of European Renewable-Based Energy
Systems Facilitated by Smart Grid Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Yi Ding, Jacob Østergaard, Poul Ejnar Sørensen, Peter Meibom
and Qiuwei Wu
Arcturus: An International Repository of Evidence
on Dynamic Pricing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Ahmad Faruqui and Sanem Sergici
Microgrids and Distributed Energy Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Jin Zhong and Yuqian Song
Communication and Network Security Requirements
for Smart Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Victor O. K. Li
Part III Stakeholders in Perspectives: Interests,
Power and Conflict
Smart Grids: The Regulatory Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Daphne Mah, Kaboo Po-yi Leung and Peter Hills
vii
viii Contents
i-Energy: Smart Demand-Side Energy Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Takashi Matsuyama
Switching Perspectives: Creating New Business Models
for a Changing World of Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Michael Valocchi, John Juliano and Allan Schurr
Part IV International Case Studies
Smart Transmission Grids Vision for Europe:
Towards a Realistic Research Agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Luigi Vanfretti, Dirk Van Hertem and Jan Ove Gjerde
Comparison of Smart Grid Technologies and Progress
in the USA and Europe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
M. Godoy Simões, R. Roche, E. Kyriakides, S. Suryanarayanan,
B. Blunier, K. McBee, P. Nguyen, P. Ribeiro and A. Miraoui
Towards Sustainable Energy Systems Through Deploying
Smart Grids: The Japanese Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Amy Poh Ai Ling
Governing the Transition of Socio-technical Systems:
A Case Study of the Development of Smart Grids in Korea . . . . . . . . 259
Daphne Mah, Johannes Marinus van der Vleuten,
Jasper Chi-man Ip and Peter Hills
Developing Super Smart Grids in China: Perspective
of Socio-technical Systems Transition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Yuan Jia-Hai
Exploring the Value of Distributed Energy for Australia . . . . . . . . . . 303
William Lilley, Luke Reedman and Anthony Szatow
Part V Postscript
Postscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Daphne Mah, Peter Hills, Victor O. K. Li and Richard Balme
About the Editors
Richard Balme is Professor and Scientific Director for the Master in Interna-
tionalPublicManagementattheParisSchoolofInternationalAffairs(PSIA),and
Senior Fellow at the Centre for European Studies of Sciences Po. He is also
Visiting Professor at the School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua
UniversityinBeijing.Heteachespublicpolicyanalysis,comparativepolitics,and
international relations. Among his publications are European Governance and
Democracy: Power and Protest in the European Union, (with D. Chabanet,
Rowman and Littlefield 2008) and Europe–Asia Relations: Building Multilater-
alisms, (with B. Bridges, Palgrave, 2008). His recent research is focused on
comparative environmental governance.
PeterHills iscurrentlyChairProfessorintheKadoorieInstituteattheUniversity
of Hong Kong. He joined the University in 1982 from the University of
Nottingham,wherehewasaLecturerfor6years.HewasformerlyDirectorofthe
Kadoorie Institute (2008–2012), and prior to that Director of the Centre of Urban
Planning and Environmental Management (1989–2008). He has been actively
involved inenergy-relatedresearchsince thelate 1970sandhas publishedwidely
onsuchtopicsasthecoalindustryintheUnitedKingdom,offshoreoilandgasin
China, national energy planning in Asia, the environmental impacts of energy
systems,andglobalclimatechange.Hehasservedasaconsultantonenergyissues
to various international agencies including the Asian Development Bank, the UN
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the International
LabourOffice,andtheAsiaandPacificDevelopmentCentre.Hehasalsoservedas
a member of government energy advisory bodies in Hong Kong.
VictorO.K.Li receivedSB,SM,EE,andScDdegreesinElectricalEngineering
and Computer Science from MIT in 1977, 1979, 1980, and 1981, respectively.
He is Chair Professor of Information Engineering and Head of the Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Hong Kong (HKU).
He has also served as Assoc. Dean of Engineering and Managing Director of
VersitechLtd.,thetechnologytransferandcommercialarmofHKU.Heservedon
theboardofChina.comLtd.,andnowservesontheboardofSunevisionHoldings
Ltd. and Anxin-China Holdings Ltd., listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Previously, he was Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of
Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA, and Director of the
ix
x AbouttheEditors
USC Communication Sciences Institute. Sought by government, industry, and
academic organizations, he has lectured and consulted extensively around the
world. He has received numerous awards, including the PRC Ministry of Educa-
tion Changjiang Chair Professorship at Tsinghua University, the UK Royal
Academy of Engineering Senior Visiting Fellowship in Communications, the
Croucher Foundation Senior Research Fellowship, and the Order of the Bronze
Bauhinia Star, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,
China. He is a Registered Professional Engineer and a Fellow of the IEEE, the
IAE, and the HKIE.
Dr.DaphneMah iscurrentlyAssistantProfessoratDepartmentofGeographyof
HongKongBaptistUniversity(HKBU)andanHonoraryAssistantProfessoratthe
Kadoorie Institute at the University of Hong Kong (HKU). Dr. Mah obtained her
M.Sc.degreeinEnvironmentalManagementfromtheUniversityofNottinghamin
the UK, and completed her Ph.D. study in2010 at HKU, investigatingthe role of
local states, policy capacity, and the development of wind energy policies in
Xinjiang,ShanghaiandGuangdong.BeforejoiningHKBUin2012,Dr.Mahwasa
journalistinMingPaoDailyNews, thehead ofthecampaignsteamofFriendsof
theEarth(HongKong),aseniorresearchassociateandapart-timelectureratCity
University of Hong Kong, a post-doctoral research fellow and a lecturer at HKU.
About the Contributors
BenjaminBlunierstudiedElectricalEngineeringattheUniversityofTechnology
of Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), France where he received the M.Sc. and Ph.D.
degreesin2004and2007,respectively.Hestudiedfuelcellsystemsmodelingand
especiallytheirairmanagementandcontrolforhybridandelectricvehicles.Since
2008, he has been an associate professor at UTBM. His current research interests
include fuel cells systems, electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles, and
intelligent energy management in smart grids and micro-grids.
John W. M. Cheng received his B.Eng. (Sask.), M.Eng. (McGill), and Ph.D.
(McGill) in Canada. He has over 20 years of industrial and research experiences
including low-carbon technologies, climate change and impacts to electric sys-
tems, energy and environmental policies, smart grids, energy storage, equipment
health monitoring,renewables resource assessment andintegration, power system
reliability, military systems, and dispatcher training simulator. Dr. Cheng is a
registered Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) in Ontario, a member of HKIE, IEEE,
and CIGRE. He has also been serving as the secretary of WEC-Hong Kong since
2010.
Yi Ding is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering,
TechnicalUniversityofDenmark(DTU),Denmark.BeforehejoinedDTU,hehad
held academic and research positions in University of Alberta, Canada and
Nanyang Technological University. His research interests include power systems
reliability/performance analysis incorporating renewable energy resources, smart
grid performance analysis, and engineering systems reliability modeling and
optimization.
Ahmad Faruqui is a Principal with The Brattle Group which specializes in
analysesandstrategyrelatingtothecustomer.Hehashelpeddesign,monitor,and
evaluateenergyefficiencyinvestmentsforawiderangeofelectricandgasutilities
and testified before a dozen state and provincial commissions and legislative
bodies. He has also worked for the Alberta Utilities Commission, Edison Foun-
dation, the Edison Electric Institute, the Electric Power Research Institute, the
FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission,theOntarioEnergyBoardandtheWorld
Bank. His work has been cited in publications such as The Economist, The New
York Times, and USA Today, and he has appeared on Fox News and National
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