Table Of ContentInternational Political Economy Series
Small Powers and Trading
Security
Contexts, Motives and Outcomes
Michael Intal Magcamit
International Political Economy Series
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Michael Intal Magcamit
Small Powers
and Trading Security
Contexts, Motives and Outcomes
Michael Intal Magcamit
Musashi University
Japan
International Political Economy Series
ISBN 978-3-319-38814-4 ISBN 978-3-319-38815-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-38815-1
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A
cknowledgments
In some parallel universe I am launching my fist ever Haruki Murakami-
style novel, which has the same title as this one, except that the story is
about a herd of small stray cats trading off their nine lives with the little
people from the 1Q84 world, in exchange for cat food. But as the cosmos
would have it, I am in this side of the multiverse writing a story about
small countries that link their security interests and trade agendas to pro-
tect their primary referents, only to realize in the end that by doing so,
they are losing a portion of their remaining security. This book may not
sell as much as my alter-universe novel about cats and little people, but
nevertheless, I take solace and comfort from the thought that regardless
of my relative cosmic position, I will still be writing about security and the
lack of it. This profound interest in security is driven by a personal security
dilemma that directs both my actions and inactions on a daily basis.
The whole process of completing this book is like planting an apple
tree, and waiting for it to grow until it finally bears fruits. This book is
dedicated to everyone who helped me take care of that apple tree, and
cheerfully waited with me until the fruits were ready to be harvested. I am
humbly sharing these apples with the following people:
Alex Tan and Scott Walker: for taking me under your wings, provid-
ing me with the necessary foundations, and giving your honest thoughts
about my works. Thank you for the time, effort and energy that you have
spent on reading these chapters and giving me feedbacks so that I could
improve them further, both in form and substance. This book would not
have been possible without your inputs and guidance. James Ockey and
Naimah Talib: for all the wonderful encouragements and advices that you
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
have given me through the years. Thank you for opening your doors to
me over and over again.
Dawn Miller, Amalia Sustikarini, Ning Thani, Pradit Chinudomsub,
Suthida Pattanasrivichian, Tian He, Krittaporn Na Pombejra, Nwokeke
Osinakachukwu and Anastassiya Yuchshenko: for the wonderful friend-
ships formed out of our respective intellectual pursuits. Thank you for
sharing your research passions with me, and inspiring me to fulfil all my
intellectual curiosities. Sylvia Nissen, Geoff Ford, Lucas Knotter and KC
Jung: for helping provide a stimulating atmosphere in the department
that enhances our research creativity and productivity. Christine Bellen,
Ace Padua, Rico de la Pena, Meikko Forones, Jovani Espesor, Adrian
Tulod, Mukul Pawar and Samantha Roberts: for all the good times and
the conversations we have shared over countless cups of Chinese tea and
coffee. Thank you for indulging me these past few years as I dealt with
my ‘Nietzschean complex’. Dorothea Ramizo, Ann Margret Salaguban,
Ralph Leal Mangaoang, Victoria Evangelista and Dahlia Simangan: for
being my best and closest friends. Thank you for the effortless friendship
that transcends physical boundaries and time zones.
The New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT): To
my colleagues at Musashi’s Faculty of Economics, Ken Togo, Kuniaki
Nemoto, Kenta Tanaka, Yui Suzuki, Shinya Suzuki, Pedro Franco and
Dean Noriyuki Tanabe: Thank you for welcoming me as a part of the
Musashi-LSE Parallel Degree Programme and for providing a very intel-
lectually stimulating environment. For giving me the opportunity to pur-
sue this research at the University of Canterbury. Thank you for seeing
my potentials, and opening the door to my academic goals and ambitions.
Special thanks go to Shelley Chappell of UC for her unparalleled dedica-
tion to student support and service. The whole Palgrave Macmillan team,
particularly, Timothy Shaw, Christina Brian, Judith Allen and the anony-
mous reviewers: for trusting my work and seeing the value of its contribu-
tion to the important debates in international political economy. You will
never forget the first time you publish a book. Thank you for this feeling.
To my parents, my siblings and my grandparents: for letting me be,
and allowing me to pursue the things that I love or at least think I love.
Thank you for keeping me grounded and helping me realize that freedom
is simply what you make of it. Thank you for the gene of resilience. And
finally, to AJF, my magnetic north: for patiently waiting for me to finish so
that we may start building a new home somewhere in this ‘pale blue dot’.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
Thank you for the unconditional love and affection; the inspiration and
the motivation; your mere existence and presence.
Parts of these books were based on the articles that I have previously
published in: International Relations of the Asia-Pacific (‘Crouching
Tiger, Lurking Dragon: Understanding Taiwan’s Sovereignty and Trade
Linkages in the Twenty-first Century’, Issue 15, no.1, pp. 81-112,
2014 [with Alexander Tan]); Journal of Human Security (‘A Case for
Cohabitative Security: The Philippine and Malaysian Experience’, Issue
10, no. 1, pp. 32-45, 2014); Asian Journal of Political Science (‘Trading in
Paranoia: Exploring Singapore’s Security-Trade Linkages in the Twenty-
first Century’, Issue 23, no. 2, pp. 184-206, 2015); Asian Affairs: An
American Review (‘A Costly Affirmation: Exploring Malaysia’s One-Sided
Domestic Security Dilemma’, Issue 42, no. 1, pp. 22-45, 2015); Journal
of Asian Security and International Affairs (‘Games, Changes and Fear:
Exploring Taiwan’s Cross-Strait Dilemma in the Twenty-first Century’,
Issue 2, no. 1, pp. 92-115, 2015); and Japanese Journal of Political Science
(‘Trading in Vain: Investigating the Philippines’ Development-oriented
National Security and Free Trade Linkages’, Issue 17, no. 1, pp. 84-105,
2016). Being the first of its kind, the book is surely not free from gaps and
omissions, for which I am fully responsible.
c
ontents
1 Small Powers and the Security Utility of Trade 1
Trade as a Security Currency for Small Powers 1
Linking Security and Trade: The Story so Far 5
Defining Security: A Case for Cohabitative Security 9
The Referents of Cohabitative Security 9
The Scope of Cohabitative Security 15
The Security-Trade Linking (STL) Process 23
Investigating The Small Powers’ STL Efforts, Strategies
and Outcomes 27
Organization of the Book 31
Notes 35
2 Regional Linking of Security and Trade: ‘APEC Way’
Versus ‘ASEAN Way’ 39
Tracing The Roots of Security-Trade Linkages in East Asia 39
Evolving Trade Patterns and The Rise of
New Security Threats 40
A Lethargic Multilateral Trade System and A Dynamic
Security Realm 41
Multidimensional Security Issues and The Rush to
Preferential Trade 43
Asian Financial Crisis and The New Security-Trade
Linkages 46
Strategic Security Issues and The Use of Preferential FTAs 49
xi
