Table Of ContentSMALL FARM AGRICULTURE IN SOUTHERN EUROPE
Small Farm Agriculture in
Southern Europe
CAP reform and structural change
Edited by
ERICMONKE
Agricultural and Resource Economics
The University ofA rizana
Tucson, Arizona
FRANCISCO AVILLEZ
Universidade Technica de Lisboa
Lisboa, Portugal
SCOTT PEARSON
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Research coordinated by
FRANCISCO AVILLEZ
lnstituto Superior de Agronomia
Universidade Technica de Lisboa
Lisboa, Portugal
GAETANO MARENCO
Centro di Specializzazione e Ricerche Economico-Agrarie per ii Mezzogiomo
Portico, Italy
CARLO PERONE-PACIFICO
Dipartimento di Economia Agroforestale e dell 'Ambiente Rurale
Universita della Tuscia
Viterbo, Italy
First published 1998 by Ashgate Publishing
Reissued 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright© Eric Monke, Francisco Avillez and Scott Pearson 1998
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
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are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
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The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint
but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
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The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes
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A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 98070984
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-34043-5 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-429-44065-6 ( ebk)
Contents
Figures, tables and maps vii
List of contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
Francisco Avillez and Eric Monke
2 Evaluation of small farm agriculture 7
Eric Monke, Francisco Avillez, Scott Pearson and Gaetano Marenco
Competitiveness of small farms 8
Market values and social values 11
The Portugal and Italy study 15
Toward 2000: policy and price projections for Italy and Portugal 18
Conclusion 24
Appendix to chapter 2 25
The opportunity costs of farm family resources 25
3 Small farms in Northern and Central Portugal 31
Francisco Avillez, Manuel a Jorge, Joao Jesus, Carlos Trindade,
Hugo Ferreira and Joao Costa
Description of the regions 31
Representative farming systems 35
Baseline economic results 45
v
Future competitiveness of farming systems 49
Implications for structural change 59
Conclusion 62
4 Small farms in Southern Italy 65
Carlo Cafiero, Antonio Cioffi, Paolo Cupo, Eugenio Pomarici
and Fabrizio Sallusti
Description of the selected zones 66
The representative farm systems 68
Baseline economic results 76
The impact of CAP reform and possible change in crop mix
and technologies 80
Implications for structural change 89
Conclusion 91
5 Small farms in Central Italy 97
Gabriele Dono, Simone Sever ini and Alessandro Sorrentino
Description of the study area 97
The representative farm systems 100
Baseline economic results 104
Future competitiveness of the representative farming systems 109
Implications for structural change 114
Conclusion 120
6 The future for small farms in Southern Europe 123
Francisco Avillez, Eric Monke, Scott Pearson and Carlo Perone-Pacifico
Results 125
Future structural adjustment 135
Policy for small farm agriculture 13 8
Conclusion 145
Bibliography 147
vi
Figures, tables and maps
Figure 3.1 Modifications applied to Entre Douro e Minho farming
systems 53
Figure 3.2 Modifications applied to Beira Litoral farming systems 54
Figure 3.3 Modifications applied to Oeste farming systems 56
Figure 4.1 Modifications of farm systems in Alta Val d’Agri 84
Figure 4.2 Modifications applied to systems in Ufita-Alta Irpinia 85
Figure 4.3 Modifications applied to systems in Basso Molise-Alta
Capitanata 87
Figure 5.1 Adjustment patterns for the representative systems 118
Map 1.1 Study regions in Portugal 4
Map 1.2 Study regions in Italy 5
Map 3.1 Detail of study areas in Portugal 33
Map 4.1 Study areas in Southern Italy 67
Map 5.1 Study areas in Central Italy 99
Table 2.1 Price change assumptions between baseline and Post-
MacSharry estimates 19
Table 3.1 Entre Douro e Minho: main features of the farm systems 38
Table 3.2 Beira Litoral: main features of the farm systems 41
Table 3.3 Oeste: main features of the farm systems 44
Table 3.4 Representativeness of the Northern and Central Portugal
farming systems 46
Table 3.5 Economic results, farm systems, baseline year (1992) 48
Table 3.6 Competitiveness of Northern and Central Portugal farming
systems, 1992 50
Table 3.7 Northern and Central Portugal and projected
competitiveness, Post-MacSharry 51
Table 3.8 Northern and Central farming systems, projected
competitiveness, with technical and crop charges 57
Vll
Table 3.9 Classification of Northern and Central Portugal farming
systems according to competitiveness 58
Table 3.10 Classification of Northern and Central Portugal farming systems
according to autonomy and absorption of family labor surplus 60
Table 3.11 Classification of Northern and Central Portugal farming systems
by long run viability and future structural impact 61
Table 3.12 Importance of different adjustments, by region 63
Table 4.1 Alta Val d’Agri: features of the agriculture production system 70
Table 4.2 Ufita-Alta Irpinia: features of the farm systems 72
Table 4.3 Basso Molise-Alta Capitanata: features of the farm systems 74
Table 4.4 Representativeness of the farming systems 75
Table 4.5 Economic results for Southern Italy farm systems, base year
(1991) 77
Table 4.6 Competitiveness of Southern Italy farming systems in 1991-92 79
Table 4.7 Southern Italy baseline and projected competitiveness
(without crop mix or technological changes) 81
Table 4.8 Southern Italy projected competitiveness with change 88
Table 4.9 Change and fiiture competitiveness of Southern Italy
farming systems 90
Table 4.10 Employment effects of Southern Italy farming systems 92
Table 4.11 Southern Italy farming systems, long run viability 93
Table 4.12 Relative importance of different adjustments, by zones 94
Table 5.1 Crop patterns of farms in Viterbo and Grosseto, 1990 101
Table 5.2 Characteristics representative farms, Viterbo and Grosseto 102
Table 5.3 Representativeness of farming systems 105
Table 5.4 Economic results for Viterbo-Grossetto systems, 1991-92 106
Table 5.5 Competitiveness of the hilly regions of Italy, 1992 108
Table 5.6 Summary of baseline results, Post-MacSharry 110
Table 5.7 Summary of simulation results, Post-MacSharry 112
Table 5.8 Hilly regions of Italy, projected competitiveness 115
Table 5.9 Classification of farming systems according to their autonomy 117
Table 5.10 Relative importance of different adjustments, by zone 121
Table 6.1 The Italian and Portuguese farming systems: agro-climatic
zones and commodity orientation 126
Table 6.2 The Italian and Portuguese farm systems, farm size 128
Table 6.3 The Italian and Portuguese farming systems in the baseline
year 129
Table 6.4 Italian and Portuguese projected competitiveness (without
crop mix or technological changes) 132
Table 6.5 Italian and Portuguese projected competitiveness, with change 134
Table 6.6 Employment from the Italian and Portuguese farming systems 136
Table 6.7 Classification of the Italian and Portuguese farming systems
according to competitiveness 13 7
Table 6.8 Classification of the Italian and Portuguese farming systems
according to future structural impact 139
Table 6.9 Classification of the Northern and Central Portugal farming
systems according to budget availability 142
viii
List of contributors
Francisco Avillez is Professor Catedratico, Departamento de Economia
Agraria e Sociologia Rural, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade
Tecnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Carlo Cafiero is a Doctoral student, Department of Agricultural and Natural
Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Antonio Cioffi is Professore Associato, CSREAM and Dipartimento di
Economia e Politica Agraria, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Joao Costa is in Gabinete do Planeamento e Politica Agro-alimentar,
Ministerio da Agricultura, Lisbon, Portugal.
Paolo Cupo is Ricercatore, CSREAM and Dipartimento di Economia e
Politica Agraria, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Gabriele Dono is Assistant Professor, Dipartimento di Economia
Agroforestale e dell'Ambiente Rurale, Universit' degli Studi della Tuscia,
Viterbo, Italy.
Hugo Ferreira is in Gabinete do Planeamento e Politica Agro-alimentar,
Ministerio da Agricultura, Lisbon, Portugal.
Joao Jesus is an Economist, AGROGES Consultants, Lisbon, Portugal.
Manuela Jorge is an Economist, AGROGES Consultants, Lisbon, Portugal.
IX
