Slides - University of Pennsylvania

35 Pages·2013·0.6 MB·English

Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Would you trust me please?
ling.upenn.edu/~cahern/
ChristopherAhernandJasonQuinley
UniversityofPennsylvaniaandUniversityofTu¨bingen
July23,2013
Ahern(UPENN) Wouldyoutrustmeplease? July23,2013 1/35
Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Goals
Modelofpolitelinguisticbehaviorinrequests.
Whatarepolitelinguisticexpressions?
Howdoweusepoliteexpressions?
Whydoweusepoliteexpressions?
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Talk Outline
1 Introduction
2 Politeness
3 TrustGames
4 Solutions
5 Conclusions
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Consider the following...
Whatarepoliteexpressions?
(1) a. Couldyoulendmeadollar/euro/franc?
b. Iwouldbeforeverinyourdebtifyoucouldlendmea
dollar/euro/franc.
(2) a. Couldyoulendme1,000dollars/euros/francs?
b. Iwouldbeforeverinyourdebtifyoucouldlendme1,000
dollars/euros/francs.
(3) a. ExcusemeSir/Ma’am,Ifitisn’ttoomuchtrouble,wouldyoube
abletotellmethetime?
b. Couldyoutellmethetime?
c. Whattimeisit?
d. Tellmethetime!
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Why be polite?
Asymmetry
Individualspossessdifferentaptitudesandabilities.
Scarcity
Resourcesarelimited.
Society
Politenessincreasesrangeofinteractionsbetweenindividualswith
other-regardingpreferences.
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Crucial points for Politeness theory
1 Face
2 Face-threateningacts(FTAs)
3 StrategiestomitigateFTAs
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Face
What is face?
BrownandLevinson(1978)
Face(Goffman,1967)consistsofanindividual’sbasicsocialneeds:
Negativeface: Autonomy
Positiveface: Acceptance
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Face
Face Threats
Face-ThreateningActs(FTAs):
Anactionthatthreatensanindividual’spositiveornegativeface.
Requeststhreatennegativeface
Insultsthreatenpositiveface
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Face-threateningacts
Mitigating FTAs
Whensituationscallforit...
...speakersmustcommitaface-threateningact(FTA).Inordertomitigatethe
weightofaFTA,speakersmayuseseveralstrategies.
Don’tRedress
OnRecord PositivePoliteness
DoFTA Redress
Intention OffRecord NegativePoliteness
Don’tdoFTA
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Introduction Politeness TrustGames Solutions Conclusions
Face-threateningacts
Threats at Lunch!!!
Whattodoifyouforgetyourwalletgoingtolunch:
Don’tdoFTA:(Don’taskformoney)
OffRecord:“Ohno! Iforgotmywalletatmyhotel!”
NegativePoliteness:“Youdon’thaveto,butwouldyoumindlendingme
abitofmoney?”
PositivePoliteness:“Congratulationsonyourpromotion! Youreally
deserveit! You’rethebest! Lendmeafewdollars.”
Don’tRedress:“Givemesomemoney.”
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