Sleep—Wake Disorders

208 Pages·1997·23.26 MB·English

by  Osamu Hayaishi (auth.)

Sleep-Wake Disorders
Sleep-Wake Disorders
Edited by
K. Meier-Ewert
Hephata-Klinik
Schwalmstadt, Germany
and
M.Okawa
National Institute of Mental Health
National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
Ichikawa, Japan
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sleep-wake disorders / edited by K. Meier-Ewert and M. Okawa.
p. cm.
"Proceedings of a Japanese-German International Symposium on Sleep
-Wake Disorders, held October 9-10, 1996, in Erfurt, Germany"—T.p.
verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4899-0247-4
1. Sleep disorders—Congresses. I. Meier-Ewert, K. (Karlheinz)
II. Japanese-German International Symposium on Sleep-Wake Disorders
(1996 : Erfurt, Germany)
[DNLM: 1. Sleep Disorders—congresses. 2. Circadian Rhythm-
-physiology—congresses. 3. Insomnia—congresses. 4. Sleep
Deprivation—congresses. 5. Sleep Apnea Syndromes—congresses. WM
188 S63275 1997]
RC547.S563 1997
616.8'498—DC21
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 97-42703
CIP
Proceedings of a Japanese-German International Symposium on Sleep-Wake Disorders,
held October 9-10,1996, in Erfurt, Germany
ISBN 978-1-4899-0247-4 ISBN 978-1-4899-0245-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0245-0
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press New York in 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997
1098765432 1
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise,
without written permission from the Publisher
FOREWORD
Sleep-wake disorders frequently give rise to severe ailments and varied distresses in
a great number of people in the world, disturbing their physical and mental activities and
their social function. Sleep-wake disorders are now classified into a great number of cate
gories according to their clinical features and etiological factors. Patients with sleep-wake
disorders are taken care of not only by specialists for such disorders but also by general
physicians and specialists of different physical and mental disorders. In the recent years,
the nature of sleep and sleep-wake disorders have been intensively studied by investiga
tors belonging to different fields of science including medicine, biology, and psychology
in many countries. It is very important for the progress of research that investigators work
ing in the related fields in different countries meet together and exchange their findings
and ideas.
The Japanese-German International Symposium on Sleep-Wake Disorders was held
on October 9-10th, 1996 in the old, beautiful city of Erfurt (Germany). This symposium
was organized by Professor Karlheinz Meier-Ewert (Schwalmstadt, Germany) and Dr.
Masako Okawa (Ichikawa, Japan), with support of the German Society of Sleep Research
(President at that time, Professor J. H. Peter) and of the Japanese Society of Sleep Research
(President at that time, Professor Y. Hishikawa). This symposium was very stimulating and
fruitful with special lectures by Professor Jiirgen Aschoff (Freiburg, Germany) on "Cir
cadian activities of humans under temporal isolation" and by Professor Osamu Hayaishi
(Osaka, Japan) on "Prostaglandins and sleep," and with many other contributions by out
standing German and Japanese researchers.
During the process of modernization of Japan in the last 100 years, Japan has
learned much from Germany in various fields of human life including social and legal sys
tems, engineering, science, and, especially, medicine. In the field of medicine, as in many
other fields, German researchers have achieved a large number of brilliant works. This is
also true in the field of sleep research. I introduce you here to a few of such brilliant
achievements by German researchers, which have greatly contributed to the progress of
modem research on sleep and sleep-wake disorders. The electroencephalographic (EEG)
activity in man and animals was first found by a German psychiatric researcher, Dr. Hans
Berger, at the University of Jena from 1924 to 1929. By means of recording the EEG
activity extensive progress of modem research on sleep and sleep-wake disorders has
been realized. The pioneering work performed by Professor Richard Jung and Dr.
Wolfgang Kuhlo at the University of Freiburg between 1966-1969 first demonstrated that
periodic apnea in Pickwickian patients occurs exclusively during sleep, and that tracheot
omy is dramatically effective for improving obstructive sleep apnea in such patients. Their
findings were realized by simultaneous recording of the EEG and respiratory activities.
v
vi Forword
Jung and Kuhlo's findings were really epoch-making, giving birth to the later worldwide
development of clinical research on sleep apnea syndrome. The last, but not of least im
portance, is the extensive research in humans living under temporal isolation performed
by Professor J. Aschoff and his collaborators in Munich from 1965 to 1980. They eluci
dated varied features of the circadian sleep-wake rhythm in man, and contributed a great
deal to the later establishment of the clinical category of sleep-wake rhythm disorder.
With the stipend from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany, I stayed
from 1967 to 1968 in Freiburg, Germany, and took a part in research on sleep-inducing ac
tion of melatonin with Professor Hinrich Cramer in the Department of Neurology and
Clinical Neurophysiology at the University of Freiburg (the director at that time was Pro
fessor R. Jung). During my stay in Freiburg, I had the chance to observe, and was pro
foundly attracted by, the above-described work by Jung and Kuhlo. During that period, I
became acquainted with Professor K. Meier-Ewert, who was also working in Jung's
department in Freiburg.
Within the last 20 years, Professor Meier-Ewert kindly visited Japan several times
and gave us Japanese sleep researchers many enlightening lectures on recent progress in
the research of narcolepsy and sleep apnea syndrome; and many Japanese sleep re
searchers visited Professor Meier-Ewert and have performed collaborative research works
at Hephata-Klinik in Schwalmstadt, Germany. These close relationships between Profes
sor Meier-Ewert and many Japanese sleep researchers made it possible to organize the
Japanese-German International Symposium on Sleep-Wake Disorders.
The excellent papers presented in this book will be of help to many basic and clini
cal sleep researchers and general physicians interested in sleep-wake disorders, and will
stimulate further research for understanding the nature of sleep-wake disorders, and for
establishing their treatment.
Professor Yasuo Hishikawa M.D.
Director, Department of Neuropsychiatry
Akita University School of Medicine
Akita, Japan
PREFACE
This book contains contributions presented at the Japanese-German International
Symposium which took place in Erfurt, Germany in connection with the annual meeting of
the German Society for Sleep Research in October 1996. In spite of the long distance
between the two countries, more than 60 participants from Japan took part in the sympo
sium. In addition, there were participants from the USA, Canada, Israel, Poland, and Russia,
transforming this meeting from a purely bilateral Japanese-German affair into a multi
national symposium. Highlights of this meeting were special lectures by Osamu Hayaishi of
Japan and Jurgen Aschoff of Germany. Apart from the reports presented in this publication,
a great number of young researchers gave "oral poster presentations" which unfortunately
could not be included in the proceedings. They did, however, stimulate discussion and the
exchange of ideas among the researchers of the generation to come.
The editors wish to thank the Japanese and German societies for sleep research for
supporting the idea of this symposium and the pharmaceutical company Synthelabo for
financial support. They want to express their gratitude to the organizers of the subsequent
annual meeting of the German society for sleep research and Dr. and Mrs. Hartmut Schulz
for their kind and helpful collaboration in preparing this symposium. Finally, we thank our
collaborators Makoto Uchiyama and Geert Mayer for valuable assistance in organization.
Special thanks are due to Yasuo Hishikawa, president of the Japanese Society for Sleep
Research, for the foreword to this book.
Masako Okawa
Ichikawa, Japan
Karlheinz Meier-Ewert
Schwalmstadt, Germany
vii
CONTENTS
BASIC SLEEP RESEARCH
1. Prostaglandins and Sleep
Osamu Hayaishi
2. Modelling Sleep Propensity and Sleep Disturbances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hartmut Schulz, Erik Bes, and Marc Jobert
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
3. Movement, Mood, and Moment in Human Subjects during Temporal Isolation. . 27
Jiirgen Aschoff
4. Feedback from Sleep-Wake Rhythm onto the Circadian Pacemaker in Humans. . 45
Ken-ichi Honma, Satoko Hashimoto, Kouji Nakamura, and Sato Honma
5. Treatment of Human Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ................... 53
Tatsuro Ohta, Toshiji Hayakawa, Yuhei Kayukawa, and Tamotsu Okada
6. The Relationship between Sleep-Wake Rhythm and Body Temperature
Rhythm in Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome and Non-24-Hour
Sleep-Wake Rhythm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Masako Okawa, Makoto Uchiyama, Shigeru Ozaki, Yuichi Kamei,
Tatsuro Hayakawa, and Jujiro Urata
7. Some Light on the Controversy about the Effects of the Shift to Daylight Saving
Time on Road Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Jean Jaques Askenasy, Richard Goldstein, Nadir Askenasy, and Viren Somers
INSOMNIAS AND NARCOLEPSY
8. Diagnosis and Treatment oflnsomnia .................................. 73
Makoto Uchiyama and Shigeru Ozaki
9. Insomnia in the Aged ............................................... 79
Naohisa Uchimura, Takashi Hirano, Masaki Mukai, Tetsuro Sakamoto, and
Yoichi Nakazawa
ix
x Contents
10. Does a Chronobio10gic Defect Exist in Narcolepsy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Janet Mullington and Roger Broughton .
11. A 10-40 Year Follow-Up Study of Narcolepsy 105
Yutaka Honda
PARASOMNIAS
12. Twin Studies on Parasomnias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Ariyuki Hori
13. REM Sleep Motor Dysfunction in Neurological Diseases 125
Naoko Tachibana
14. Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in the Aged ..................... 131
Y. Sugita, M. Taniguchi, K. Kyotani, A. Mikami, N. Tachibana, K.
Terashima, S. Uruha, H. Honda, and Y. Teshima
IS. Sleep Deprivation - a Potent Tool in Uncovering Parasomnias? 141
G. Mayer, V Neissner, P. Schwarzmayr, and K. Meier-Ewert
SLEEP RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS
16. Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome ........ lSI
Tetsuo Shimizu, Tetsuo Tashiro, Yuji Takahiashi, and Yusuo Hishikawa
17. Surgical Treatment of Sleep Apnea Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Soichiro Miyazaki, Hiroyuki Tada, Michinori Yokomizo,
Yoshiaki Itasaka, Kazuo Ishikawa, and Kiyoshi Togawa
18. The Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) 165
Riccardo Stoohs
MANAGEMENT FOR SLEEP DISORDERS
19. SIeepFacilitatingEffectsofVitaminBI2 ............................... 175
Hiroshi Itoh, Motohiro Ozone, and Mitsuo Sasaki
20. Modem Development in Sleep Medicine with Particular Reference
to Zolpidem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Eva Pelzer
21. Benzodiazepine-Receptor-Agonists Zolpidem and Zopiclone
Tolerance and Addiction Potential ................................ 191
Reinhard Steinberg
Contributors ........................................................... 20 I
Index. .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . ... . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. 205
Sleep-Wake Disorders