Table Of Contentsketches from
an unquiet country
McGill-Queen’s/Beaverbrook Canadian Foundation Studies in Art History
Martha Langford and Sandra Paikowsky, series editors
Recognizing the need for a better understanding of Canada’s artistic culture both at home and abroad, the Beaverbrook
Canadian Foundation, through its generous support, makes possible the publication of innovative books that advance
our understanding of Canadian art and Canada’s visual and material culture. This series supports and stimulates such
scholarship through the publication of original and rigorous peer-reviewed books that make significant contributions to
the subject. We welcome submissions from Canadian and international scholars for book-length projects on historical and
contemporary Canadian art and visual and material culture, including Native and Inuit art, architecture, photography, craft,
design, and museum studies. Studies by Canadian scholars on non-Canadian themes will also be considered.
The Practice of Her Profession Rethinking Professionalism Picturing Toronto
Florence Carlyle, Canadian Painter in the Essays on Women and Art in Canada, Photography and the Making of a
Age of Impressionism 1850–1970 Modern City
Susan Butlin Edited by Kristina Huneault and Janice Sarah Bassnett
Anderson
Bringing Art to Life Architecture on Ice
A Biography of Alan Jarvis The Official Picture A History of the Hockey Arena
Andrew Horrall The National Film Board of Canada’s Still Howard Shubert
Photography Division and the Image of
Picturing the Land Canada, 1941–1971 For Folk’s Sake
Narrating Territories in Canadian Carol Payne Art and Economy in Twentieth-Century
Landscape Art, 1500 to 1950 Nova Scotia
Marylin J. McKay Paul-Émile Borduas Erin Morton
A Critical Biography
The Cultural Work of Photography François-Marc Gagnon Spaces and Places for Art
in Canada Translated by Peter Feldstein Making Art Institutions in Western
Edited by Carol Payne and Canada, 1912–1990
Andrea Kunard On Architecture Anne Whitelaw
Melvin Charney: A Critical Anthology
Newfoundland Modern Edited by Louis Martin Narratives Unfolding
Architecture in the Smallwood Years, National Art Histories in an Unfinished
1949–1972 Making Toronto Modern World
Robert Mellin Architecture and Design, 1895–1975 Edited by Martha Langford
Christopher Armstrong
The Codex Canadensis and the Writings Canadian Painters in a Modern World,
of Louis Nicolas Negotiations in a Vacant Lot 1925–1955
The Natural History of the New World, Studying the Visual in Canada Writings and Reconsiderations
Histoire Naturelle des Indes Occidentales Edited by Lynda Jessup, Erin Morton, and Lora Senechal Carney
Edited and with an Introduction by Kirsty Robertson
François-Marc Gagnon, Translation Sketches from an Unquiet Country
by Nancy Senior, Modernization by Visibly Canadian Canadian Graphic Satire, 1840–1940
Réal Ouellet Imaging Collective Identities in the Edited by Dominic Hardy, Annie Gérin,
Canadas, 1820–1910 and Lora Senechal Carney
Museum Pieces Karen Stanworth
Toward the Indigenization of Canadian
Museums Breaking and Entering
Ruth B. Phillips The Contemporary House Cut, Spliced, and
Haunted
The Allied Arts Edited by Bridget Elliott
Architecture and Craft in Postwar
Canada Family Ties
Sandra Alfoldy Living History in Canadian House Museums
Andrea Terry
sketches from
an unquiet country
Canadian Graphic Satire,
1840–1940
Edited by
Dominic Hardy, Annie Gérin,
and Lora Senechal Carney
McGill-Queen’s University Press
Montreal & Kingston • London • Chicago
© McGill-Queen’s University Press 2018
ISBN 978-0-7735-5340-8 (cloth)
I SBN 978-0-7735-5341-5 (paper)
I SBN 978-0-7735-5426-9 (ePDF)
Legal deposit second quarter 2018
Bibliothèque nationale du Québec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and
Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts, which last year invested $153 million to
bring the arts to Canadians throughout the country. Nous remercions le Conseil des arts du Canada de
son soutien. L’an dernier, le Conseil a investi 153 millions de dollars pour mettre de l’art dans la vie des
Canadiennes et des Canadiens de tout le pays.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Sketches from an unquiet country : Canadian graphic satire, 1840–1940 / edited by Dominic Hardy, Annie
Gérin, and Lora Senechal Carney. (McGill-Queen’s/Beaverbrook Canadian Foundation studies in art history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
I SBN 978-0-7735-5340-8 (cloth). – ISBN 978-0-7735-5341-5 (paper). – ISBN 978-0-7735-5426-9 (ePDF)
1. Caricatures and cartoons – Canada – History – 19th century.
2. Caricatures and cartoons – Canada – History – 20th century.
I. Carney, Lora, editor II. Gérin, Annie, 1969–, editor III. Hardy, Dominic, 1960–, editor
IV. Series: McGill-Queen’s/Beaverbrook Canadian Foundation studies in art history
NC1445.S64 2018 741.5’6971 C2018-900315-4
C2018-900316-2
Contents
vii Acknowledgments
3 Chapter One
Introduction
Dominic Hardy
39 Chapter Two
Frankenstein’s Tory: Graphic Satire in 1840s Montreal,
from Le Charivari canadien to Punch in Canada
Dominic Hardy
75 Chapter Three
Uncle Sam, a Not-So-Distant Cousin: Canadian
Contributions to the Genesis of a US Allegorical Figure
Christian Vachon
98 Chapter Four
Reading Allegorical “Miss Canada” in Graphic Satire
Robyn Fowler
136 Chapter Five
Clubs, Axes, and Umbrellas: The Woman Suffrage
Movement as Seen by Montreal Cartoonists (1910–1914)
Pierre Chemartin and Louis Pelletier
170 Chapter Six
Crossing the Line: Canadian Satire of the “Pretty Girl”
North and South of the 49th Parallel
Jaleen Grove
206 Chapter Seven
Anti-Semitic Caricature in 1930s Montreal: Language and
National Stereotypes in Adrien Arcand’s Le Goglu (1929–1933)
Josée Desforges
232 Chapter Eight
New Frontier (1936–1937) and the Antifascist Press in Canada
Lora Senechal Carney
257 Chapter Nine
Albéric Bourgeois … a.k.a. Baptiste Ladébauche
Laurier Lacroix
285 Chapter Ten
Epilogue: Humour, Wit, and Satire in Canada
Annie Gérin
297 Contributors
299 Index
Acknowledgments
As editors, we begin by expressing our gratitude to the scholars who came for-
ward to answer the call for contributions to this volume, for they have helped
us establish that studies in the history of Canadian graphic satire are more
than worthy of attention. This scholarship has been, and continues to be sus-
tained by an impressive range of agencies, research centres, institutions, and
foundations. We wish to acknowledge the doctoral Connections and Insight
programs of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; the Fonds
de recherche du Québec – Société et Culture; the Programme d’aide financière
à la recherche et à la creation (pafarc) and the fare bursary program (Fonds
à l’accessibilité et à la réussite) of the Université de Québec à Montréal (uqam);
the Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur la littérature et la culture québé-
coises (crilcq); and the Centre interuniversitaire d’études des arts, des lettres
et des traditions (célat).
The encounter with historical materials that are often difficult to access –
and often rare and fragile – makes all the difference to an endeavour such as
this. For their unstinting generosity and support in helping us to obtain and
present high-resolution images for this book, we acknowledge with profound
gratitude the help of our colleagues at the McCord Museum (Christian Vachon
and Heather McNabb), at Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Lisa
Miniaci, Martin Couture, Ariane Bélanger, and Suzanne Grégoire), at the Special
Collections of Queen’s University Library (Jillian Sparks), and at the Thomas
Fisher Rare Book Library of the University of Toronto. We are also most grate-
ful to the Cahén Archives in Toronto and to the Estate of Harry Mayerovitch for
their generous support. For much of the groundbreaking scholarship that made
possible the preparation of several of our chapters, we offer our lasting appre-
ciation to the graduate student members of the Caricature et satire graphique à
Montréal team (casgram) at uqam.
Authors and editors are all particularly grateful to our editor, Jonathan
Crago, and to the whole team at McGill-Queen’s University Press. We extend
warm thanks to our colleague Ersy Contogouris of the Université de Montréal,
who provided outstanding translations of three chapters. We are grateful to the
Institut du patrimoine, Éditions MultiMonde, and Éditions Fides for permis-
sion to translate the chapters by Christian Vachon and Laurier Lacroix. We also
thank the anonymous readers, who provided constructive comments that were
very helpful to us in the final stages of manuscript preparation.
It takes many minds and shared moments to bring a project such as this
one to the finishing point. We are truly obliged to our families, friends, col-
leagues, and students who participated in various stages of the project, if only
by allowing us to share our collective passion for the history and practices of
graphic satire in Canada. You are too many to name here, but your unfailing
support and continuous encouragement throughout the years have made this
book possible.
Dominic Hardy, Annie Gérin, and Lora Senechal Carney
viii Acknowledgments
sketches from
an unquiet country
