Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens

3060 Pages·2011·20.25 MB·English

by  Richard P. Pohanish (Auth.)

SITTIG’S HANDBOOK OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS AND CARCINOGENS
Sixth Edition
SITTIG’S HANDBOOK OF
TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS AND CARCINOGENS
Sixth Edition
Richard P. Pohanish
AMSTERDAM(cid:1)BOSTON(cid:1)HEIDELBERG(cid:1)LONDON
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NOTICE TO BE READ BY ALL USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION
Great care has been taken in the preparation of this work and, to the best knowledge of the Publisher and the
Editors, the information contained herein is factual and accurate and the opinions expressed are those of qualified
experts. The data are not to be taken as a warranty or representation for which the Publisher or Editors assumes
legal responsibility. Furthermore, the Publisher does not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy or
completeness of, or consequences from, such information. Data offered in this work are solely for your
consideration, investigation, and verification. Mention of trade names or commercial products in the work does
not constituteendorsementorrecommendationforuse bythe Publisher orEditors.
This reference work is intended to provide information about chemical hazards and guidelines for those trained in
the use and storage of hazardous materials, as well as those trained to respond to spills, leaks, and accidents
involving those materials. The work is not intended as a primary source of research information. As with any
reference, it cannot include all information or discuss all situations that might occur. It cannot be assumed that all
necessary warnings and precautionary measures are contained in this work; other, or additional, information or
assessments may be required. Most of all, it cannot replace the expertise and experience of trained professionals
orqualifiedresponders.
Because information may not be available for some chemicals, an absence of data does not necessarily mean that
a substance is not hazardous. For major incidents, it will be necessary to obtain additional detailed information
from other resources as well as more expertise from those with extensive training. Neither the Publisher nor the
Editors assume any liability or responsibility for completeness or accuracy of the information presented or any
damagesofany kindallegedtoresult inconnectionwith,or arisingfrom,the useofthis work.
Final determination of the suitability of any information for use contemplated by any user of this work, and the
manner of that use, is the sole responsibility of the user. Any use of these data and information must be
determined by the user to be in accordance with applicable federal, state, territory, and local laws and regulations.
The Publisher and Editors recommend that anyone intending to use any toxic, hazardous chemical, and/or
carcinogenic material mentioned in this work should satisfy themselves as to such suitability, and that the user
can meet all applicable safety and health standards. The Publisher and Editors strongly encourage all readers, and
users of chemicals, to adhere to and follow the manufacturers’ or suppliers’ current instructions, technical
bulletins, and material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for specific use, handling, protection (including the use of
personal protective equipment and eye protection), and storage of all chemical materials. The Publisher and
Editors also strongly recommend that users obtain expert advice before implementing procedures involving any
hazardous chemicals,materials, orcarcinogens.
Preface
Formorethanaquartercentury,Sittig’sHandbookofToxic to overlook what is taken for granted.”[84] This quote is
and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens has continued from the highly publicized 600K Report prepared by the
to gather an ever-widening audience of users because it has Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB), an
beenproventobeamongthemostreliable,easytouse,and independent, nonpartisan, quasi-legislative US government
essential reference works on hazardous materials. The 6th agency. The CSB described our nation’s lack of definitive
edition has been updated and expanded to keep pace with knowledge of the “big picture” surrounding chemical
world events and to answer continuing and expanded need incidents as “... the industrial equivalent of two 737
forinformation. airplanes ‘crashing’ year after year, killing all passengers
(256people)withoutanyoneseemingtonotice.”[84]
The 4th edition of Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and
Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens was published in More than 30 years ago, the United States Government
2001, shortly before the tragic events of the morning of Accounting Office (GAO) estimated that 62,000 chemicals
September 11, 2001. Following 9/11, the United States were in commercial use. Today, that number has grown to
established the Department of Homeland Security and beyond82,000.
enactedlawssuchastheChemicalFacilitiesSecurityActof
2003 and released the DHS list of Chemicals of Concern, Each year, in the United States, over 2 billion tons of haz-
Appendix to Chemical Facility Antiterrorism Standards; ardous and toxic chemicals are manufactured. Including
Final Rule, November 20, 2007. These actions were imports, more than 3 billion tons are transportedemploying
prompted by concerns about infrastructure protection and 800,000 shipments each day. It is estimated that 1.3 billion
the anticipation of another attack, possibly on the nation’s tonsaremovedbytruck andhundredsofbillionsofpounds
chemicalfacilitiesorbyusingtrucksortankcarsthattrans- of these hazardous materials are transported through popu-
porthighlydangerousandpossiblylethalchemicals. lated areas. The average American household generates
approximately 15lb of hazardous waste per year. Nearly
These facilities are found around the country in industrial 5 million poisonings occur in the United States annually,
parks, in seaports, and near the major population centers. resulting in thousands of deaths. Based on 2004, TRI data
Dangerous chemicals routinely travel along our highways, (publically released April 2006), over 4 billion pounds of
inland waterways, and on railcars that pass through the toxic chemicals are released into the nation’s environment
heart of major cities including Washington, D.C., just a each year, including 72million poundsof recognized carci-
shortdistancefromCapitolHill.TerroristattacksontheUS nogens from nearly 24,000 industrial facilities. The toxic
chemical industry have the potential to kill tens of chemicals problem in the United States; and, indeed, in all
thousands ofAmericans andseriously injuremanymore. In theworldisfrighteningtomanypeople.And,overtheyears,
manyinstances,theseattacksholdthepotentialforhavinga thesefearsareheightenedbynewsstoriesaboutanoilfield
cascading effect across other infrastructures, particularly in explosioninMississippi(2006),a48,000-lbchlorinerelease
the energy and transportation sectors. This is both because inMissouri(2002),LoveCanal inNewYork,theValleyof
of the damage that can be caused by the attack, and the theDrumsinKentucky,theValleyofDeathinBrazil,major
enormous expense and effort associated with the clean-up chemical spills, including Bhopal, India, terrorist attacks in
toanaffectedareainitsaftermath.[83] Japan...and the like. All of these incidents generate emo-
tional responses, often from people uninformed about sci-
To put it more simply, using the same low tech/high con- enceortechnology.Ontheotherhand,oneencounterssome
cept approach that turned passenger planes into missiles, industrialists who tell us that toxic chemicals are present in
terrorists do not need to produce or amass chemical weap- nature and that industrialcontributionsare just theprice we
ons or smuggle them into the United States in order to pro- have to pay for progress. There is little argument about the
ducegreatdamage. chemical industry’s critical place in the nation’s economy.
The United States is the number one chemical producer in
“Commercial chemical incidents occur tens of thousands of the world, generating more than $550 billion a year and
times each year, often with devastating and exorbitantly employing more than 5 million people. So somewhere in
expensive consequences. They are indiscriminate in their between lies the truth—or at least an area in which we can
effects. Workers, companies, the public, emergency function. Information is vital in a world where virtually
response organizations, and all levels of government pay everyaspectofourlivesistouchedbychemicalhazards.
the figurative and literal price. Yet, until now and with few
exceptions, chemical incidents have been invisible. Perhaps Given the reality of problems related to chemical hazards,
it is due to their pervasiveness, or to the common tendency including accidents and spills, the advent of new threats to
ix
x Preface
our way of life, and the challenges of communicating com- In keeping with the broad changes originally initiated with
plex data, it is the goal of this book to provide data so that the 4th edition, contents of the 6th edition are focused on
responsibledecisionscanbemadebyallwhomayhavecon- the concept of “regulated chemicals.” The carcinogen
tactwithchemicalsinthisreferencework.Withthisinmind, potential of each chemical was compared to listings and
theworkcanbeusedbythoseinthefollowingprofessions: reports from eminent authorities as the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National
(cid:1) Chemicalsmanufacturers
ToxicologyProgam(NTP).
(cid:1) Emergencyresponsepersonnel
(cid:1) Protectivesafetyequipmentproducers
The “Regulatory Authority and Advisory Bodies” section
(cid:1) Environmentalmanagement contains new items including, where available, EPA Gene-
(cid:1) Transportationmanagers Tox Program findings, and many of the individual listings
(cid:1) Toxicologists now contain useful advice sought after by the regulated
(cid:1) Industrialhygienists community. As a result, the new volume should be even
(cid:1) Industrialsafetyengineers more practical for those users of specific chemicals and to
(cid:1) Lawyers those concerned with bothadherence toand enforcementof
(cid:1) Occupationaldoctorsandnurses regulations.
(cid:1) Chemists
Data is furnished, to the extent currently available, in a
(cid:1) Industrialwastedisposaloperators
uniform multisection uniform format to make it easy for
(cid:1) Enforcementofficials
users who must find information quickly and/or compare
(cid:1) Special,technical,anduniversitylibrarians
the data contained within records, in any or all of these
(cid:1) Legislators importantcategories:
(cid:1) Homelandsecurityplanners
ChemicalDescription
Thechemicalschosenforinclusionareofficiallyrecognized CodeNumbers(includingCAS,DOT,RTECS,EC)
substances, defined as carcinogens, as belonging to some Synonyms
designated category of hazardous or toxic materials, with RegulatoryAuthorityandAdvisoryBodies(summary)
numerically defined safe limits in air in the workplace, Description
ambient air, water, waste effluents. For the most part, these PotentialExposure
are materials of commerce that are heavily used and many Incompatibilities
aretransportedinbulk.
PermissibleExposureLimitsinAir
DeterminationinAir
The 6th edition contains more regulated chemicals and
PermissibleConcentrationinWater
expanded data on each material. Some material and appen-
DeterminationinWater
dices from the previous edition has been eliminated or
RoutesofEntry
moved to more appropriate sections. This was done to limit
theworktoapairofhandyvolumes. ShortTermExposure
LongTermExposure
All of this has been done to make the work more relevant, PointsofAttack
more inclusive, and easier to use. The utility of the work MedicalSurveillance
has been enhanced by the addition of three appendices. Decontamination(selectedrecords)
Additionallythereisatablethatcrossindexesthematerials FirstAid
bychemicalandtradenamesandCASRegistryNumber.
Decontamination(CWAsorWMDs)
PersonalProtectiveMethods
Appendix 1: the list of oxidizing materials has been
RespiratorSelection
expanded. Appendix 2 contains many new confirmed and
Storage
suspected carcinogens. Also, this edition allows the user to
Shipping
search the carcinogen list by name or CAS Number.
Appendix 3 is a glossary of chemical, health, safety, medi- SpillHandling
cal, and environmental terms used in the handbook. The FireExtinguishing
glossarywascompletelyreviewedandmanynarrowinterest DisposalMethodSuggested
medicaltermswereremoved.Moreandnewgermaneterms References
were added. The Introduction was replaced with the more The6theditionofSittighasnewandupdatedinformationin
accurate title, How to Use this Book. Following the use nearly every section, including the following: Synonyms,
section is a revised Key to the Abbreviations and Acronyms CAS Numbers, UN/NA & ERG (Emergency Response
usedinthehandbook. Guide) Number, EC Numbers (Annex I Index Numbers
Preface xi
added where assigned), Regulatory Authority and Advisory advice from users of this book are welcomed by the author
Bodies(addedRotterdamConventionAnnexIII[Chemicals who asks that all correspondence be submitted in writing
Subject to the Prior Informed Consent Procedure (PIC)]; andmailedtothepublisherwhomaintainsafileforreprints
List of Stockholm Convention POPs: Annex A; European/ andfutureeditions.
International Hazard Symbol, Risk phrases, Safety phrases;
WGK(GermanAquaticHazardClass);AnnexIIRotterdam ABriefhistoryofthiswork
ConventionListinformation;hundredsofDepartmentofthe Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and
US Homeland Security Chemicals of Interest along with Carcinogens was first published 30 years ago. This work
their Screening Threshold Quantities (STQs) [from the US continues to provide first responders and occupational and
Code of Federal regulations (6CFR Part 27 Appendix A]; environmental health and safety professionals with an
California Proposition 65 Carcinogen and Reproduction accessible and portable reference source. The 6th edition
Toxins; Description, Incompatibilities, Exposure Limits of his handbook contains data on more than 2200 toxic
[now includes US Department of Energy (DOE) Protection and hazardous chemicals (up from nearly 600 in the first
Action Criteria (PACs)]. Short Term Exposure, Long Term edition,nearly800inthesecondedition,nearly1300inthe
Exposure, First Aid, Decontamination (especially, chemical thirdedition,and1500inthe4thedition).
warfare agents and weapons of mass destruction), Personal
ProtectiveMethods,RespiratorSelection,Storage,Shipping, According to the Library of Congress, the history of the
Spill Handling [more and updated Initial Isolation and project is as follows: 1st edition published in 1981; 2nd
Protective Distances (including both Imperial and Metric) edition published in 1985; 3rd edition published in 1991;
from the US DOT Emergency Response Guide], Fire 4th edition published in 2001; 5th edition published in
Extinguishing,Disposal.Specifically,additionsincludereg- 2008;6theditionpublishedin2011.
ulatoryinformation,identifiers,chemicalandphysicalprop-
erties, including explosive limits, NFPA (National Fire Acknowledgments
Protection Association)-type hazard ratings (based on The author would like to thank some individuals and insti-
NFPA-704 M Rating System), water solubility and hazard tutions, without whose expertise and generous help, the 6th
levels, exposure limits, odor thresholds, DOT isolation and edition would not have been possible. In particular, the
protective distances, and full text of NIOSH respirator authorwantstoacknowledgethegoodworkofthescientists
recommendations. Many records contain special warnings, and contract employees associated with NIOSH, US EPA,
including notes and reminders to Emergency Management OSHA, ATSDR, ACGIH, IARC, DFG, CDC, TOXNET,
Service (EMS) personnel, and other health-care NTP, AIHA, and many others who developed the various
professionals. documents and databases that provided so much of the data
that were compiled for this work. To each, the author is
Althougheveryefforthasbeenmadetoproduceanaccurate indebted. At the US Coast Guard Headquarters, the author
andhighlyusefulhandbook,theauthorappreciatestheneed wishes to thank the recently retired Alan Schneider, D.Sc.,
for constant improvement. Any comments, corrections, or oftheMarineTechnicalandHazardousMaterialsDivision.
How to Use This Book
Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the
Carcinogens focuses on critical data for more than 2200 synonyms and trade names found in this volume, but errors
commercially important and/or regulated and monitored are inevitable in compilations of this magnitude. Please
substances, and many associated substances. Many of these note that this volume may not include the names of all
chemicals or substances are found in the workplace; a few products currently in commerce, particularly mixtures that
are found in the medical and research fields. Importance is maycontainregulatedchemicals.
defined by inclusion in official, regulatory, and advisory The synonym index contains all synonym names listed in
listings. Much of this information, found in US government alphabetical order. It should be noted that organic chemical
sources, has been supplemented by a careful search of prefixes and interpolations, such as (α-) alpha-, (β-) beta-,
publications from various countries and other sources (γ-) gamma-, delta- (δ-), (o-) ortho-, (m-) meta-; (p-) para-;
including United Nations and World Health Organization sec- (secondary-), trans-, cis-, (n-) normal-, and numbers
(WHO)publications. (1-; 1,2-), are not used when searching for a chemical
This handbook is becoming more encyclopedic in nature. name. In other words, these prefixes are not treated as part
When one looks at most handbooks, one simply expects to of the chemical name for the purposes of alphabetization.
findnumericaldata.Here,wehavetried,whereverpossible, Usersshouldusethesubstancenamewithouttheprefix.For
to provide literature references to review documents which example, to locate n-Butane, search for Butane; to locate
hopefully opens the door for users to a much broader field 3,30-Dichlorobenzidine, search for Dichlorobenzidine; and
of published materials. It is recommended that this book be tolocateα-Cyanotolueneoralpha-Cyanotoluene,searchfor
used as a guide. This book is not meant to be a substitute Cyanotoluene.
for workplace hazard communication programs required by CAS Number: The CAS number is a unique identifier
regulatory bodies such as OSHA, and/or any other US, assigned to each chemical registered with the Chemical
foreign, or international government agencies. If data are Abstracts Service (CAS) of the American Chemical
required for legal purposes, the original source documents Society. This number is used to identify chemicals on the
and appropriate agencies, which are referenced, should be basis of their molecular structure. CAS numbers are given
consulted. intheformatnnn(...)-nn-n[twoormorenumericcharacters
In the pages which follow, the following categories of (dash) two numeric characters (dash) followed by a single
information will be discussed with reference to scope, numeric check digit]. CAS numbers should always be used
sources, nomenclature employed, and the like. Omission of in conjunction with substance names to insure positive
acategoryindicatesalackofavailableinformation. identification and avoid confusion with like-sounding
Chemical name: Each record is arranged alphabetically by names, i.e., benzene (71-43-2) and benzine (8032-32-4).
achemicalnameusedbyregulatoryandadvisorybodies.In This 6th edition contains some alternate CAS numbers that
a very few cases the name may be a product name or trade may now be considered related, retired, obsolete, and/or
name. widely and incorrectlyused in theliterature. Inthis section,
Formula: Generally, this has been limited to a commonly the first CAS number(s), before the word “alternate,” is
usedone-lineempiricaloratomicformula.IntheMolecular considered (based on several sources) to be the correct
Formula field, the Hill system has been used showing CAS number(s). Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the
number of carbons (if present), number of hydrogens (if usertofindandusethecorrectnumber.
present), and then alphabetically by element. Multiple RTECS®Number: The RTECS® numbers (Registry of
carbon(cid:1)carbon (double and triple) bonds have been Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances) are unique identi-
®
displayedwhereappropriate. fiers assigned and published by NIOSH. The RTECS
Synonyms: This section contains scientific, product, trade, numberintheformat“AAnnnnnnn”(twoalphabeticcharac-
and other synonym names that are commonly used for each ters followed by seven numeric characters) may be useful
hazardous substance. Some of these names are registered for online searching for additional toxicologic information
trade names. Some are provided in other major languages on specific substances. It can, for example, be used to
®
other than English,includingSpanish, French,and German. provide access to the MEDLARS computerized literature
In some cases, “trivial” and nicknames (such as MEK for retrieval services of the National Library of Medicine
methyl ethyl ketone) have been included because they are (NLM) in Washington, DC. The RTECS number and the
commonly used in general communications and in the CASnumbercanservetonarrowdownonlinesearches.
workplace. This section is important because the various DOT ID: The DOT hazard ID number is assigned to the
“regulatory” lists published by federal, state, international, substance by the US Department of Transportation (DOT).
and advisory bodies and agencies do not always use the The DOT ID number format is “UNnnnn” or “NA nnnn.”
same name for a specific hazardous substance. Every ThisIDnumberidentifiessubstancesregulatedbyDOTand
xiii
xiv How toUseThisBook
must appear on shipping documents, the exterior of withthesubstanceduringanaccidentorintheenviron-
packages, and on specified containers. Identification ment. The container and MSDS will also contain the
numbers containing a UN prefix are also known as United name of the supplier, manufacturer, or importer. Each
Nationsnumbersandareauthorizedforusewithallinterna- hazard statement contains a four-digit code, starting
tionalshipmentsofhazardousmaterials.The“NA”prefixis withtheletterH(intheformHxxx).Statementsappear
used for shipments between Canada and the United States under various headings grouped together by code
only,andmaynotbeusedforotherinternationalshipments. number.Thepurposeofthefour-digitcodeisforrefer-
EC Number: The European Commission number is a enceonly;however, followingthecodeis exactphrase
7-digit identification code used by the European Union asitshouldappearonlabelsandMSDS.
(EU) for commercially available chemical substances (cid:3) Acarcinogen(theagencymakingsuchadetermination,
within the EU. An identification number from European the nature of the carcinogenicity—whether human or
Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances, animal and whether positive or suspected, are given in
published by the European Environment Agency, each case). These are frequently cited by IARC
Copenhagen, Denmark. Use of these identification numbers (International Agency for Research on Cancer),[12] and
for hazardous materials will (a) serve to verify descriptions areclassifiedastotheircarcinogenicrisktohumansby
of chemicals; (b) provide for rapid identification of materi- IARC as follows: Group 1: Human Carcinogen; Group
als when it might be inappropriate or confusing to require 2A: Probable Human Carcinogen; Group 2B: Possible
the display of lengthy chemical names on vehicles; (c) aid HumanCarcinogen.Chemicalsareclassifiedastotheir
in speeding communication of information on materials carcinogenic risk to humans by NTP as follows: Group
from accident scenes and in the receipt of more accurate K: Known Human Carcinogens; Group R: Reasonably
emergency response information; and (d) provide a means Anticipated Human Carcinogens, or the NTP (US
for quick access to immediate emergency response infor- National Toxicology Programs).[10] It should be noted
mation in the “North American Emergency Response that the DFG have designated some substances as
Guidebook.”[31]Inthislattervolume,thevariouscompounds carcinogensnotsoclassifiedbyotheragencies.
have assigned “ID” numbers (or identification numbers) (cid:3) A banned or severely restricted product as designated
which correspond closely, but not always precisely, to the by the United Nations[13] or by the US EPA Office of
UN listing.[20] The EC number supercedes the outmoded Pesticide Programs under FIFRA (The Federal
EINECS, ELINCS, and NLP numbers. This section also Insecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct).[14]
includes Annex I, Index number for the Export and Import (cid:3) AsubstancecitedbytheWorldBank.[15]
of Dangerous Chemicals found in Annex I of Regulation (cid:3) A substance with an air pollutant standard set or
(EC)No.689/2008. recommended by OSHA and/or NIOSH,[58] ACGIH,[1]
RegulatoryAuthorityandAdvisoryBodies: DFG,[3] or HSE.[33] The OSHA limits are the enforce-
This section contains a listing of major regulatory and able pre-1989 PELs. The transitional limits that were
advisory lists containing the chemical of concern, including vacated by court order have not been included. The
OSHA, US EPA, DFG, US DOT, ACGIH, IARC, NTP, NIOSH and ACGIH airborne limits are recommenda-
WHMIS (Canada), and the EEC. Many law or regulatory tionsthatdonotcarrytheforceoflaw.
referencesinthisworkhavebeenabbreviated.Forexample, (cid:3) A substance whose allowable concentrations in work-
Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 261, sub- place air are adopted or proposed by the American
part 32 has been abbreviated as 40CFR261.32. The symbol Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists
“y”maybeusedaswelltodesignatea“section”or“part.” (ACGIH),[1] DFG [Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(cid:3) European/International Hazard Symbols, Risk Phrases, (GermanResearchSociety)].[3]Substanceswhoseallow-
and Safety Phrases. Explanation of these symbols and ableconcentrationsinairandothersafetyconsiderations
phrases can be found in the new Appendix 4. In the have been considered by OSHA and NIOSH.[2]
interim between the 6th and 7th edition, it is expected Substances which have limits set in work-place air, in
that the Globally Harmonized System of Classification residential air, in water for domestic purposes, or
and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) will be phased in in water for fishery purposes as set forth by the former
by many countries. Hazard statements are an essential USSRUNEP/IRPTCProject.[43]
element under the GHS, and will eventually replace (cid:3) Substances that are specifically regulated by OSHA
the risk phrases (R-phrases) described earlier in the under29CFR1910.1001to29CFR1910.1050.
paragraph. In addition to hazard statements, containers (cid:3) Highlyhazardouschemicals,toxics,andreactivesregu-
and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will contain, lated by OSHA’s “Process Safety Management of
where necessary, one or multiple pictograms, a signal Highly Hazardous Chemicals” under 29CFR1910.119,
word such as “Warning” or “Danger,” and precaution- Appendix A. Substances that are Hazardous Air
ary statements. The precautionary statements will indi- Pollutants (Title I, Part A, y 112) as amended under
cate proper handling procedures aimed at protecting 42USC7412. This list provided for regulating at least
the user and other people who might come in contact 189 specific substances using technology-based
How toUseThisBook xv
standards that employ Maximum Achievable Control CharacteristicHazardousWastes
Technology (MACT) standards; and, possibly health- Ignitability Anonaqueoussolutioncontaininglessthan
based standards if required at a later time. y 112 of the 24%alcoholbyvolumeandhavingaclosed
Clean Air Act (CAA) requires emission control by cupflashpointbelow60(cid:4)C/140(cid:4)Fusing
the EPA on a source-by-source basis. Therefore, the Pensky-Martenstesterorequivalent.
emission of substances on this list does not necessarily Anignitiblecompressedgas.
meanthatafirmissubjecttoregulation. Anonliquidcapableofburningvigorously
(cid:3) Regulated Toxic Substances and Threshold Quantities whenignitedorcausesfirebyfriction,
for Accidental Release Prevention. These appear as moistureabsorption,spontaneouschemical
Accidental Release Prevention/Flammable Substances, changesatstandardpressureandtemperature.
Clean Air Act (CAA) y112(r), Table 3, TQ (thre- Anoxidizer.Seey261.21.
shold quantity) in pounds and kilograms under 40 Corrosivity LiquidswithapHequaltoorlessthan2or
CFR68.130. The accidental release prevention regula- equaltoormorethan12.5orwhichcorrode
tions applies to stationary sources that have present steelatarategreaterthan6.35mm(0.25in)
more than a threshold quantity of a CAA y 112(r) peryearat55(cid:4)C/130(cid:4)F.Seey261.22.
regulatedsubstance. Reactivity Unstablesubstancesthatundergoviolent
(cid:3) Clean Air Act (CAA) Public Law 101(cid:1)549, Title VI, changeswithoutdetonating.
ProtectionofStratosphericOzone,SubpartA,Appendix Reactsviolentlywithwaterorother
A, class I and Appendix B, Class II, Controlled substancestocreatetoxicgases.
Substances, (CFCs) Ozone-depleting substances under Formspotentiallyexplosivemixtureswithair.
40CFR82. Seey261.23.
(cid:3) CleanWaterAct(CWA)Prioritytoxicwaterpollutants Toxicity Awastethatleachesspecifiedamountsof
defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency metals,pesticides,ororganicchemicalsusing
for 65 pollutants and classes of pollutants which ToxicityCharacteristicLeachingProcedure
yielded129specificsubstances.[6] (TCLP).Seey261,AppendixII,andy268,
(cid:3) Chemicals designated by EPA as “Hazardous AppendixI.ListedHazardousWastes.
Substances”[4] under the Clean Water Act (CWA) “F”wastes Hazardouswastesfromnonspecificsources
40CFR116.4,Table116.4A. y261.31.
(cid:3) Clean Water Act (CWA) y 311 Hazardous Materials “K”Wastes Hazardouswastesfromspecificsources
DischargeReportableQuantities(RQs).Thisregulation y261.32.
establishes reportable quantities for substances desig- “U”Wastes Hazardouswastesfromdiscardedcommercial
nated as hazardous (see y116.4, above) and sets forth products,off-specificationspecies,container
requirements for notification in the event of discharges residuesy261.34.Coverssome455
into navigable waters. Source: 40CFR117.3, amended compoundsandtheirsaltsandsomeisomers
at60FR30937. ofthesecompounds.
(cid:3) Clean Water Act (CWA) y 307 List of Toxic “P”Wastes Acutelyhazardouswastesfromdiscarded
Pollutants.Source:40CFR401.15. commercialproducts,off-specification
(cid:3) Clean Water Act (CWA) y 307 Priority Pollutant List. species,containerresiduesy261.33.Covers
This list was developed from the List of Toxic some203compoundsandtheirsaltsplus
Pollutants classes discussed above and includes sub- solublecyanidesalts.
stanceswithknowntoxiceffectsonhumanandaquatic Note:Ifawasteisnotfoundonanyoftheselists,itmaybe
life, and those known to be, or suspected of being, car- foundonstatehazardouswastelists.
cinogens, mutagens, or teratogens. Source: 40CFR423, RCRA Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for the
AppendixA. Toxicity Characteristic. Source: 40CFR261.24, Table I.
(cid:3) Clean Water Act, y 313 Water Priority Chemicals. These are listed with regulatory level in mg/L and “D”
Source:57FR41331. waste numbers representing the broad waste classes of
(cid:3) RCRA Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for ignitability,corrosivity,andreactivity.
the Toxicity Characteristic with Regulatory levels in EPA Hazardous Waste code(s), or RCRA number, appears
mg/L.Source:40CFR261.24. in its own field. Acute hazardous wastes from commercial
(cid:3) RCRA Hazardous Constituents. Source: 40CFR261, chemical products are identified with the prefix “P.”
Appendix VIII. Substances listed have been shown, in Nonacutely hazardous wastes from commercial chemical
scientific studies, to have carcinogenic, mutagenic, productsareidentifiedwiththeprefix“U.”
teratogenic, or toxic effects on humans and other life RCRA Universal Treatment Standards. Lists hazardous
forms. This list also contains RCRA waste codes. The wastes that are banned from land disposal unless treated to
term “waste number not listed” appears when a RCRA meet standards established by the regulations. Treatment
numberisNOTprovidedinAppendixVIII. standard levels for wastewater (reported in mg/L) and