sir syed ahmad khan, beck and the indian national congress

163 Pages·2015·5.08 MB·English

SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN, BECK
AND THE
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE
M. PHIb DEGREE
BY
SYED FARID AHMAD
Under ihe Supervision of
DR. IQBAL HUSAIN
?«d In CoBapat«
CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY IN HISTORY
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH (INDIA) — -,
1989 i^i'v'O"'
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY
TELEPHONE 5548
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNI\ ERSITY
ALIGARH-20:002
8 August 1989
This is to certify that the dissertation on "Sir
Syed Ahmad FQian, Beck and the Indian National
Congress" submitted by Mr. Syed Farid Ahmad is the
original work of the candidate and is suitable for
submission for the award of M.Phil. Degree.
9(pUA^.
(Iqbal Husain) '
Supervisor
A Note on Spelling
The spelling of 'Syed' on the front page has not been
retained in the text where he has been spelt as 'Saiyed'.
Both thf.se spellings are actually correct and are used
frequently. The need for preferring 'Saiyed' over 'Syed' was
primarily owing to the fact that this was how the word was
spelt in contemporary usage, including by Sir Saiyed
himself. The spelling in the title page was the preference
of the Committee of Advanced Study and Research.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i-ii
ABBREVIATIONS iii
INTRODUCTION iv-xi
I. DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL THOUGHT OF SIR SAIYED 1-26
AHMAD KHAN (1857-1885):
(i) Impact of the Rebellion of 1857 on
the Muslims in North India; Sir
Saiyed's views on the Rebellion.
(ii) Muslim's response to Modern Education.
(iii) Urdu-Hindi Controversy.
(iv) Sir Saiyed on the Self Government.
(V) Sir Saiyed on the Ilbert Bill.
(vi) Sir Saiyed's views on the Indian
Civil Services.
II. MODERN EDUCATION AND SIR SAIYED:
(i) Modern Educational Institutions and
the Muslims.
(ii) Impact of Journey to England on Sir
Saiyed.
(iii) Saiyed's return to India and his
involvement in Modernization of the
Community.
(ivj Establishment of the MAO School/
College; Structure of the College,
policy and financial basis of the MAO
College.
III. BECK'S IMPACT ON SIR SAIYED AND TEffi MAO COLLEGE: 54-72
(i) Theodore Beck join's MAO College: His
Contributions.
(ii) Influence of Beck on Sir Saiyed and
MAO College.
fiiij Beck and Sir Saiyed Ahmad.
IV. SIR SAIYED AND THE NATIONAL POLITICS (1885- 73-113
1898):
(i) Sir Saiyed on India; views of some
Indian and Pakistani Historians on
Sir Saiyed's political ideas.
(ii) Sir Saiyed's reaction to the
establishment of the Indian
National Congress.
(iii) Sir Saiyed and the Nationalist Muslims.
Annexure I 114-122
Annexure II 123-131
Bibliography 132-139
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With a sense of utmost gratitude and indebtedness, I
consider it my pleasant duty to acknowledge the kindness,
advice and help which I received from my esteemed teachers,
colleagues and friends This acknowledgement should begin by
profusely thanking my parents who have always been a
constant source of encouragement and a pillar of strength
for me. Next to be thanked is my Supervisor Dr Iqbal
Husam, Reader, Department of History who has been a
constant source of inspiration for me. I can never forget
the good will and care with which he examined my work and
allowed me to have latitude in respect of views.
I am very gratefu] to Prof. Irfan Habib, Co-ordinator,
Centre of Advanced Study m History, my esteemed teacher for
his kind cooperation and insightful suggestions. Thanks are
also due to Prof. Zamiruddm Siddiqi, Chairman, Department
of History, for showing a keen interest in my work. Also
helpful has been the encouragements of Prof. Shireen Moosvi
for which I am very grateful to her.
I am indebted to the authorities and staff of the
National Archives of India, New Delhi; U.P. State Archives,
Lucknow; Research Library, History Department, A.M.U.
Aligarh; Sir Syed Room of Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh; and
the Aligarh Archives for allowing me to use their
manuscripts and collections.
Thanks to a great degree are due to the Indian Council
of Historical Research, New Delhi for their grant of
fellowship which facilitated the completion of this
dissertation
I am grateful to Miss Sumbul Halim Khan for her under
taking the difficult task of proof-reading. My thanks are
also due to my other research colleagues, especially Farhat
Hassan, Nadeem Rezavi, Javed Akhter, Javed Hassan, Afaq
Basheer, Najaf Haider, Shabbir Siddiqi, Mrs. Ruqqaiya
Hassan, Miss Seema Singh, Miss Fatima Imam, Hassan Imam,
Zeeshan Izzat, Faiz Habib.
I owe a special gratitude to my friends Ahsan Reza,
Fatheh Faiyaz, Muzzafar Islam, Waqar Ahmad, Mohd. Afzal,
Mohd. A. Jauhar, Akhter Reyaz for their so very un-grudging
cooperation
Last but not the least I am thankful to Mr Suhail
Ahmad (M/s Micro Services Centre) for word-processing my
dissertation so carefully and diligently.
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August, 1989 (SYED FARID AHMAD)
i^i
ABBREVIATIONS
AA : Aligarh Archives.
ICS : Indian Civil Services.
MAO : Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental.
MAOCM Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College
Magazine.
MAL : Maulana Azad Library.
MEC : Mohammdan Educational Conference.
MF : Microfilm.
NAI : National Archives of India.
NWP : North-West Provinces.
NWP & 0 North-West Provinces and Oudh.
NWP & 0. Pr. : North-West Provinces and Oudh Proceedings.
Pr. INC . Proceedings of Indian National Congress,
SAL : State Archives Lucknow.
TA Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq.
Tyabji Papers : Badruddin Tyabji Private Paper Collection.
INTRODUCTION
Tiie present work, as is evident from the title, 'Sir
SaiyeJ Ahmad Khari , Beck arid the Indian Nat ion al C<nigr ess '
Gono^rns an important pliase; of modern Indian ^listory. This
pha:e (1858-1898) is rxtrfmely crucial. During this period
Indi'nn modern educated intelligentsia began to give proof of
its maturity and competence to understand the evil aspects
of the alien rule. The post Mutiny era in India is thus full
of political activities which ultimately led to the
foundation of the Indiari National Congress. Now the Indian
nationalism began to flow ma direction set by the early
Indian Nationalists But during the same period, the British
policy towards India al.bc^ considerably changed.
The Muslims, who were generally distrusted and
experienced hostile attitude from the government now began
to experience patronage (1871) from the government
officials. The Hindus who were much advanced educationally
and economically, were now by and large unfavourite for
their political demands. The promoters of the Raj became
more and more alarmed when the Indian National Congress was
founded. They now resorted to the policy of Div^ide and
rule' more effectively.