Simulating heterogeneous crowds with interactive behaviors

299 Pages·2017·98.955 MB·English

by  Allbeck, Jan M., Badler, Norman I., Kapadia, Mubbasir, Pelechano, Nuria

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pelechano, Nuria, editor. | Allbeck, Jan M., editor. | Kapadia,
Mubbasir, 1985- editor | Badler, Norman I., editor.
Title: Simulating heterogeneous crowds with interactive behaviors / edited by
Nuria Pelechano, Jan M. Allbeck, Mubbasir Kapadia, and Norman I. Badler.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis a CRC title, part of the Taylor &
Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic
division of T&F Informa, plc, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016026642 | ISBN 9781498730365 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Computer animation. | Crowds--Computer simulation. |
Collective behavior--Computer simulation.
Classification: LCC TR897.7 .S464 2017 | DDC 777/.7--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016026642
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Contents
ListofFigures .................................................................... ix
ListofTables ....................................................................xxi
Preface.........................................................................xxiii
Editors..........................................................................xxv
Contributors .................................................................. xxvii
Section I Navigation andSteering
1. AnticipatoryLocalNavigation .................................................3
StephenJ.Guy,IoannisKaramouzas,MingC.Lin,andDineshManocha
2. EfficientandFlexibleNavigationMeshesforVirtualWorlds....................25
MarceloKallmann
3. LearningHeterogeneousCrowdBehaviorfromtheRealWorld .................43
PanayiotisCharalambousandYiorgosL.Chrysanthou
Section II EditingandRealism
4. AnimatingLargeCrowdsinHugeEnvironments...............................63
JulienPettré
5. InteractiveEditingofCrowdAnimation .......................................83
JongminKimandJeheeLee
6. SimulationofCollectiveCrowdBehaviorwithPsychologicalParameters........99
FundaDurupınar,Ug˘urGüdükbay,AytekAman,andNormanI.Badler
7. Impostor-BasedCrowdRendering........................................... 121
AlejandroBeacco,NuriaPelechano,andCarlosAndújar
Section III Evaluation
8. AQuantitativeApproachtoComparingRealandSyntheticCrowds........... 141
SoraiaRauppMusse,CláudioRositoJung,andViniciusJ.Cassol
9. ScenarioSpace:CharacterizingCoverage,Quality,andFailureofSteering
Algorithms................................................................. 161
MubbasirKapadia,GlenBerseth,ShawnSingh,GlennReinman,andPetrosFaloutsos
vii
viii Contents
10. Data-DrivenCrowdEvaluation.............................................. 179
PanayiotisCharalambousandYiorgosL.Chrysanthou
11. SteerFit:AutomatedParameterFittingforSteeringAlgorithms ............... 197
GlenBerseth,MubbasirKapadia,BrandonHaworth,andPetrosFaloutsos
Section IV Applications
12. VirtualCrowdsinFilmandNarrativeMedia................................. 217
PaulKanyuk
13. Real-TimeMicro-ModelingofMillionsofPedestrians........................ 235
RainaldLöhner,MuhammadBaqui,EberhardHaug,andBritto
Section V Conclusions
14. ConclusionsfromtheEditors ............................................... 257
Index .......................................................................... 259
List of Figures
Figure1.1 Stillsfromsimulationsofagentsfollowingthetime-to-collision
force-basedmodelproposedinReference27.(a)Twoagents
exchangepositions.(b)Twelveagentswalktoantipodalpointsona
circle.(c)Agentsexitaroomthroughanarrowdoorway.Inallcases,
theagentsanticipateandavoidupcomingcollisions. ..................11
Figure1.2 ORCAcollisionavoidance.(a)Twoagents(inworldspace)ona
collisioncourse.(b)Thevelocityspaceofagent A.Theshaded
regionshowswhichrelativevelocitieswillleadtocollisionswithin
thegiventimehorizon.Therelativevelocityv isinsidetheshaded
AB
region,indicatingthat Amustchooseanewvelocityoutsidethis
region.Thegraylineshowsalinearapproximationoftheshaded
forbiddenregion. ...................................................13
Figure1.3 Simulationof1000ORCAagentstryingtomovetowardtheir
antipodalpositionsonacircle.Agentsmovethroughthecongestion
withoutcolliding. ...................................................15
Figure1.4 Agentsevacuatingabuildingusingtheapproachproposedin
Reference47.Aggressiveagents(wearingredshirts)tendtoexitthe
roomfasterthantheshyagents(brownshirts). ........................17
Figure1.5 FVOcollisionavoidanceforaformation F approximatedbyan
orientedboundingbox.(a)TheFVOinducedbyastaticagent A
dependsonthehalf-widthr oftheformation.(b)TheFVOinduced
F
byadynamicagentismorecomplex,havingnonlinearboundaries.
SeeReference50foraderivation. ....................................18
Figure2.1 Localclearancetriangulationbeingsharedbyagentsofdifferent
clearancerequirements.Agentsarerepresentedascylinders.Paths
areshowningrayasthickpathsdelimitingtherespectivepath
clearancerequiredbyeachagent......................................26
Figure2.2 Exampleofoff–meshlinksrepresentingfeasiblejumpsbetween
disconnectedsurfaces.(FromM.Kapadiaetal.PRECISION:
Precomputedenvironmentsemanticsforcontact-richcharacter
animation.InProceedingsofthe2016ACMSIGGRAPHSymposiumon
Interactive3DGraphicsandGames,I3D’16,NewYork,USA,2016.
ACM.) .............................................................29
Figure2.3 TheshownSPMwascomputedwithGPUrendering.Clippedcones
areplacedatgeneratorverticesandatheightsaccordingtotheir
distancestothesourcepoint(leftimage).Conesarethenrendered
fromanorthographicverticalcameraplacedabovetheobstacle
plane(centerimage).Theresultintheframebufferwillencodethe
SPMwithrespecttothesourcepoint,whichisdenotedasayellow
ix