Simply philosophy : Guided Readings

228 Pages·2003·21.507 MB·English

by  Brendan Wilson

Simply Philosophy
Guided Readings
BRENDAN WILSON
t
ram^
W(m
\\ ;
It
ts
f^
^MiitW^*u,g
Simply Philosophy: Guided Readings
No
tonne? it ; -,,,..^
9
Boston PuL-'-rS!:^
...
Safe ofthis material ''
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2012
in
http://archive.org/details/simplyphilosophyOObren
Simply Philosophy: Guided Readings
Edited by Brendan Wilson
Edinburgh University Press
Editorial concept,selection,arrangement andcommentary © Brendan Wilson,2003.
Other textscopyright theauthors.
Edinburgh UniversityPress Ltd
22 George Square, Edinburgh
Typeset in Minion and Gill Sans Light
byPioneerAssociates, Perthshire,and
printed and bound in Great Britainby
Scotprint,Haddington
A CIP record forthisbookis available from the British Library
ISBN 7486 1823 6 (paperback)
For Makiyo
.
Contents
Introduction ix
Area Science
1:
1. Aristotle ... on scientific knowledge 1
2. Francis Bacon ... on scientific method 6
3. David Hume ... on the concept ofa cause 8
4. Karl Popper ... on induction 12
5. HilaryPutnam . . . against Popper 16
6. Paul Feyerabend ... on scientific method 20
Overview 22
Area 2: Mind
7. B. F. Skinner ... on behaviourism 25
8. C. S. Peirce ... on reality and truth 26
9. Bertrand Russell ... on sense-data 28
10. RudolfCarnap ... on the argument from analogy 31
11. A. J.Ayer ... on other minds 34
12. Norman Malcolm ... on other minds 35
13. Colin McGinn ... on the mind/body problem 39
14. WilliamJames ... on the reality ofthe mind 43
15. Paul Churchland ... on the unreality ofthoughts 45
Overview 47
Area Freedom
3:
16. Peter Strawson ... on determinism 49
17. Norman Malcolm ... on determinism 52
18. Daniel Dennett ... on determinism 55
19. Max Black ... on causality 58
20. Frederick Dretske ... on the reality ofmeaning 60
21 Thomas Hobbes ... on human nature 63
22. Immanuel Kant ... on duty 66
23. JeremyBentham ... on utilitarianism 68
VI
24. Thomas Nagel against utilitarianism 70
. . .
25. G. E.M.Anscombe ... on 'ought' and 'should' 75
Overview 79
Area 4: Knowledge
26. Galileo Galilei ... on perception 81
27. Rene Descartes ... on doubt 82
28. John Locke ... on knowledge 84
29. HilaryPutnam/Noam Chomsky ... on innate ideas 89
30. George Berkeley ... on Idealism 93
31. Thomas Reid ... against scepticism 98
32. Immanuel Kant ... on causality 99
33. David Hume ... on miracles 103
34. Bertrand Russell ... on knowledge 108
35. L. Jonathan Cohen ... on empiricism 110
Overview 114
Area Language
5:
36. John Locke ... on language 117
37. Gilbert Ryle ... on Mill's theory ofnames 119
38. LudwigWittgenstein ... on proper names 123
39. Saul Kripke ... on naming 126
40. HilaryPutnam ... on language 128
41. W.V. Quine ... on language 131
42. Plato ... on universals 134
43. John Searle ... on computer'understanding' 138
Overview 141
Area 6: Objectivity
44. RoderickChisholm ... on perception 143
45. A. Ayer ... on perception 146
J.
46. Gilbert Ryle ... on perception 148
47. Thomas Reid ... on ideas 150
48. B.Watson ... on behaviourism 152
J.
49. Thomas Nagel ... on qualia 153
VII
50. C. Smart ... on mind/brain identity 155
J. J.
51. Hilary Putnam ... on functionalism 157
52. F. H. Bradley ... on truth 160
53. Michael Dummett ... on anti-realism 163
Overview 66
1
Area 7: God
54. Norman Malcolm ... on the ontological argument 169
55. ThomasAquinas ... on the existence ofGod 170
56. AnthonyKenny ... on teleology and design 172
57. AnthonyFlew ... on religious belief 174
58. LudwigWittgenstein ... on religious belief 175
59. Soren Kierkegaard ... on the 'absurdity' ofbelief 178
60. W. H. Newton-Smith ... on metaphysics in cosmology 179
Overview 186
FurtherReading 188
Glossary 190
CopyrightAcknowledgements 199
Index 203
VIII