Simplified Mechanics & Strength of Materials for Architects and Builders

432 Pages·2002·2.53 MB·English

by  James Ambrose

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SIMPLIFIED MECHANICS
AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Sixth Edition
JAMES AMBROSE
Formerly Professor of Architecture
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
based on the work of
THE LATE HARRY PARKER
Formerly Professor of Architectural Construction
University of Pennsylvania

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
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3751 P- FM 11/13/01 12:14 PM Page i
SIMPLIFIED MECHANICS
AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
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3751 P- FM 11/13/01 12:14 PM Page iii
SIMPLIFIED MECHANICS
AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Sixth Edition
JAMES AMBROSE
Formerly Professor of Architecture
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
based on the work of
THE LATE HARRY PARKER
Formerly Professor of Architectural Construction
University of Pennsylvania

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
fcopyebk.qxd 1/17/02 9:43 AM Page 1
Copyright ©2002 by John Wiley & Sons, New York. All rights reserved.

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CONTENTS
Preface to the Sixth Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xiii

Introduction 1
Structural Mechanics / 2
Units of Measurement / 2
Accuracy of Computations / 3
Symbols / 7
Nomenclature / 7
1 Structures: Purpose and Function 9
1.1 Loads / 11
1.2 Special Considerations for Loads / 13
1.3 Generation of Structures / 21
1.4 Reactions / 24
1.5 Internal Forces / 28
1.6 Functional Requirements of Structures / 30
v
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vi CONTENTS
1.7 Types of Internal Force / 39
1.8 Stress and Strain / 46
1.9 Dynamic Effects / 61
1.10 Design for Structural Response / 64
2 Forces and Force Actions 69
2.1 Loads and Resistance / 69
2.2 Forces and Stresses / 71
2.3Types of Forces /73
2.4 Vectors / 73
2.5 Properties of Forces / 74
2.6 Motion / 76
2.7 Force Components and Combinations / 78
2.8 Graphical Analysis of Forces / 83
2.9 Investigation of Force Actions / 87
2.10 Friction / 91
2.11 Moments / 97
2.12 Forces on a Beam / 102
3 Analysis of Trusses 111

3.1 Graphical Analysis of Trusses / 111
3.2 Algebraic Analysis of Trusses / 120
3.3 The Method of Sections / 127
4 Analysis of Beams 132
4.1 Types of Beams / 133
4.2 Loads and Reactions / 134
4.3 Shear in Beams / 135
4.4 Bending Moments in Beams / 140
4.5 Sense of Bending in Beams / 147
4.6 Cantilever Beams / 151
4.7 Tabulated Values for Beam Behavior/155
5 Continuous and Restrained Beams 160
5.1 Bending Moments for Continuous Beams / 160
5.2 Restrained Beams / 172
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CONTENTS vii
5.3 Beams with Internal Pins / 176
5.4 Approximate Analysis of Continuous Beams / 181
6 Retaining Walls 183
6.1 Horizontal Earth Pressure / 184
6.2 Stability of Retaining Walls / 186
6.3 Vertical Soil Pressure / 188
7 Rigid Frames 192
7.1 Cantilever Frames / 193
7.2 Single-Span Frames / 199
8 Noncoplanar Force Systems 202
8.1 Concurrent Systems / 203
8.2 Parallel Systems / 209
8.3 General Noncoplanar Systems / 213
9 Properties of Sections 214
9.1 Centroids / 215
9.2 Moment of Inertia / 218
9.3 Transferring Moments of Inertia / 223

9.4 Miscellaneous Properties / 228
9.5 Tables of Properties of Sections / 229
10 Stress and Deformation 239
10.1 Mechanical Properties of Materials / 241
10.2 Design Use of Direct Stress / 243
10.3 Deformation and Stress: Relations and Issues / 246
10.4 Inelastic and Nonlinear Behavior / 251
11 Stress and Strain in Beams 254
11.1 Development of Bending Resistance / 255
11.2 Investigation of Beams / 259
11.3 Computation of Safe Loads / 261
11.4 Design of Beams for Flexure / 263
11.5 Shear Stress in Beams / 265
11.6 Shear in Steel Beams / 270
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viii CONTENTS
11.7 Flitched Beams / 272
11.8 Deflection of Beams / 275
11.9 Deflection Computations / 279
11.10 Plastic Behavior in Steel Beams / 283
12 Compression Members 293
12.1 Slenderness Effects / 293
12.2 Wood Columns / 297
12.3 Steel Columns / 301
13 Combined Forces and Stresses 309
13.1 Combined Action: Tension Plus Bending / 309
13.2 Combined Action: Compression Plus Bending / 312
13.3 Development of Shear Stress / 318
13.4 Stress on an Oblique Section / 319
13.5 Combined Direct and Shear Stresses / 321
14 Connections for Structural Steel 324
14.1 Bolted Connections / 324
14.2 Design of a Bolted Connection / 337

14.3 Welded Connections / 343
15 Reinforced Concrete Beams 353
15.1 General Considerations / 353
15.2 Flexure: Stress Method / 363
15.3 General Application of Strength Methods / 375
15.4 Flexure: Strength Method / 376
15.5 T-Beams / 382
15.6 Shear in Concrete Beams / 387
15.7 Design for Shear in Concrete Beams / 394
References 402
Answers to Selected Exercise Problems 403
Index 409