Table Of ContentContents
Introduction ............................................................................................. Page 3
Forces
Worksheet: Force, Work and Power ......................................................... Page 4
Worksheet: Force, Work and Power Calculations ...................................... Page 6
Worksheet: Mass and Weight ................................................................... Page 8
Worksheet: Friction .................................................................................. Page 9
Worksheet: Buoyancy ............................................................................. Page 10
Activity: Float Your Boat .......................................................................... Page 12
Fact File: Lava Lamps .............................................................................. Page 13
Fact File: Archimedes’ Principle ............................................................... Page 14
Worksheet: Gravity ................................................................................. Page 15
Word Sleuth: Forces ............................................................................... Page 16
Crossword: Forces .................................................................................. Page 17
Forces in Motion
Worksheet: Newton’s First Law of Motion ............................................... Page 18
Worksheet: Newton’s Second Law of Motion .......................................... Page 19
Worksheet: Newton’s Third Law of Motion ............................................. Page 20
Activity: Balloon Rockets ......................................................................... Page 21
Worksheet: Force Diagrams .................................................................... Page 22
Word Sleuth: Forces in Motion ............................................................... Page 25
Crossword: Forces in Motion .................................................................. Page 26
Simple Machines
Fact File: What is a Simple Machine? ....................................................... Page 27
Worksheet: The Inclined Plane ................................................................ Page 28
Worksheet: The Wheel and Axle ............................................................. Page 29
Worksheet: The Lever ............................................................................. Page 30
Investigation: Lifting Levers ..................................................................... Page 31
Worksheet: The Pulley ............................................................................ Page 34
Investigation: Pulling Pulleys ................................................................... Page 35
Worksheet: The Wedge .......................................................................... Page 40
Worksheet: The Screw ............................................................................ Page 41
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 1
Worksheet: Simple Machines in Tools ...................................................... Page 42
Word Sleuth: Simple Machines ............................................................... Page 43
Crossword: Simple Machines .................................................................. Page 44
Energy
Fact File: Kinetic Energy .......................................................................... Page 45
Fact File: Potential Energy ....................................................................... Page 46
Worksheet: Electrical Energy ................................................................... Page 47
Worksheet: Light Energy ........................................................................ Page 48
Worksheet: Thermal Energy .................................................................... Page 49
Worksheet: Sound Energy ...................................................................... Page 50
Worksheet: Mechanical Energy ............................................................... Page 51
Worksheet: Chemical Energy .................................................................. Page 52
Worksheet: Elastic Energy ....................................................................... Page 53
Investigation: Rubber Band Power .......................................................... Page 54
Worksheet: Gravitational Energy ............................................................. Page 57
Investigation: Do Red Cars Really Go Faster? ........................................... Page 58
Fact File: Nuclear Energy ........................................................................ Page 61
Word Sleuth: Energy .............................................................................. Page 63
Crossword: Energy ................................................................................. Page 64
Energy Transfer and Transformation
Worksheet: Law of Conservation of Energy ............................................ Page 65
Worksheet: Energy Transfer .................................................................... Page 66
Worksheet: Energy Transformation ......................................................... Page 67
Energy Sources and Use
Worksheet: Renewable Energy ............................................................... Page 68
Worksheet: Non Renewable Energy ....................................................... Page 69
Fact File: Global Warming ...................................................................... Page 70
Worksheet: Energy in the Home ............................................................. Page 71
Word Sleuth: Energy Sources and Use .................................................... Page 72
Crossword: Energy Sources and Use ...................................................... Page 73
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 2
Introduction
The ‘Give Me More’ book is designed to do exactly that. To give you more
activities, experiments, ideas and inspiration to incorporate into your programme
of work.
The contents of this book are designed to compliment the activities, reinforce
concepts and consolidate student understandings. The activities, investigation and
worksheets cover a range of conceptual understand and abstract thinking. Be
sure to view the worksheets and assess their appropriateness for your class before
distributing to them.
Phillip Jones
DIY Science Coordinator
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 3
Force, Work and Power
Force
A force is an action or influence which causes the change in speed or direction of
an object. Forces are measured in Newtons (N).
In the case of the Newton mass, it is the force of the Earth’s gravity on the
Newton mass which results in the force of one Newton on the block. The block
has a mass of around 102g. Divide 102 by 1000 to turn it into kilograms giving
0.102kg. Multiplying the mass of an object (in kilograms) by the acceleration due
to gravity (9.8ms-2) gives the force in Newtons.
Calculate the force of gravity on you by carrying out the following calculation.
Your mass in kilograms = _______________ kg
Multiply it by 9.8 to determine the force of gravity on you = _______________N
Work
Work is the amount of force used over a certain distance. Work is measured in
Joules (J).
So although you may use a force to hold the Newton mass in your hand, you’re
not actually doing any work unless you are moving it around. For every metre
you move the one Newton mass, you are doing one Joule of work.
Calculate the work you’ve done if…
You move one metre ________________________J
You move a 100 metres _______________________ J
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 4
Power
Power is how much work you do in a period of time. Power is measured in Watts
(W).
So the faster you do work, the more power you are using. If you lift a mass one
metre, in one second and some one else lifts the same mass one metre in two
seconds. You both did the same work, but you used more power.
Calculate your level of power over one minute.
Lift the Newton mass to the height of one metre as many times as you can in a
minute. Use the stop watch to time the minute.
Number of lifts in one minute =
This is equal to the distance you moved that mass in metres = __________ m
Divide this number by 60 to work out your power = ____________ W
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 5
Force, Work and Power
Calculations
There are a series of mathematical relationship or equations, which can be used to
calculate the force, work and power in various situations.
Force
The equation to calculate force is
= ×
F m a
Where F represents the force in Newtons (N)
m represents the mass in kilograms (kg)
a represents the acceleration in metres per second, per second (ms-2)
Work
The equation to calculate work is
= ×
W F D
Where W represents the work in Joules (J)
F represents the force in Newton (N)
D represents the distance the object travelled in metres (m)
Power
The equation to calculate power is
W
=
P
t
Where P represents the power in Watts (W)
W represents the work in Joules (J)
t represents the time in seconds (s)
Using the equations given above, answer the following questions.
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 6
Force, Work and Power
Calculations
1. Objects accelerate towards the ground at 9.8 metres per second per second
due to gravity. Calculate the force generated when a 2 kilogram object falls to
the ground.
2. Calculate the work done when a box is pushed with a force of 10 Newtons a
distance of 10 metres.
3. Calculate the power generated when 110 Joules of work is done over 10
seconds.
4. Amy has a mass of 62 kilograms, if she is accelerated towards the ground at
9.8 metres per second per second, calculate the force on her due to gravity.
5. Rich uses a force of 15 Newtons to move a box 10 metres. Justine uses a force
of 20 Newtons to move an identical box 5 metres. Who is doing the most
work?
6. Skye does 75 Joules of work over 10 seconds, while Elisa does 50 Joules of
work over 25 seconds. Who is using the most power?
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 7
Mass and Weight
Mass and weight are two different things. The weight of an object depends on
two things; what its mass is and where in the universe it is. Mass is really a
measure of how much ‘stuff’ there is there. Mass is measured in grams or
kilograms whereas weight is measured in Newtons. Weight is the gravitational
force between an object and the planet it is on.
In the activity, you observed how heavy an object would feel on Earth compared
to how heavy it would feel on the Moon. The mass of the object wouldn’t have
changed, only its weight would have because it was on a different planet.
Answer the following questions on mass and weight.
1. True or False? Your mass on Earth would be different to your mass on the
Moon?
_____________
2. True or False? Your weight on Earth would be different to your weight on the
Moon?
_____________
3. What is a correct unit for mass?
______________________________________________________________________
4. What is the correct unit for weight?
______________________________________________________________________
5. Do bathroom scales measure mass or weight?
______________________________________________________________________
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 8
Friction
Friction is force that occurs between two surfaces when they are in contact.
Friction resists the direction of movement of the surfaces, so if the two surfaces are
moving against each other, friction will try to slow down or stop this movement.
There are times when friction is a good thing and times when it is a bad thing.
For example, if the surface you were walking on was frictionless, you wouldn’t be
able to walk forward. It would be like walking on the spot. If the surface of your
joints in your body had really high friction it would be painful or impossible to
move your arms and legs.
Answer the following questions about friction
1. In the activity you tried to push the Air Power Disk on a surface when it wasn’t
on. Explain how friction affected the movement of the disk.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. After you turned the Air Power Disk on and tried again to move it on the
surface, its movement was very different than before. Explain how friction
affected the movement of the disk this time.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. For each of the following items, state whether they would work best with lots
of friction or as little friction as possible.
a. The soles of your shoes ______________________________________________
b. The brakes in a car __________________________________________________
c. A playground slide __________________________________________________
d. The handles on doors ________________________________________________
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 9
Buoyancy
Buoyancy is an upward force experienced by an object in a fluid (liquid or gas).
The magnitude or strength of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid
for the same volume that the object takes up. The strength of the buoyant force
depends on the mass of the object in the fluid and the density of the fluid the
object is immersed in.
There is a downward force acting on the object due to gravity. If the force of
gravity is greater than the buoyant force, the object sinks. If the buoyant force is
greater than the force of gravity, the object floats.
So if an object already floats, you can make it sink by…
(cid:190) Increasing the object’s weight
(cid:190) Decreasing the object’s volume
(cid:190) Decreasing the density of the fluid
So if an object already sinks, you can make it float by…
(cid:190) Decreasing the object’s weight
(cid:190) Increasing the object’s volume
(cid:190) Increasing the density of the fluid
Answer the questions on the following page about
buoyancy.
DIY Science Kit Give Me More! Page 10
Description:Worksheet: Simple Machines in Tools . Archimedes was an ancient Greek scientist who first determined the relationship wood to the bottom.
