Siege Warfare (1): The Fortress In The Early Modern World 1494-1660

303 Pages·1985·115.633 MB·English

by  Christopher Duffy

Siege Warfare
Christopher Duffy
•
Ie e
a r a r e
The Fortress in the
Early Modern World
1494-1660
Routledge & Kegan Paul
London and Henley
Firstpublishedin 1979
byRoutledge&KeganPaulLtd
39StoreStreet,
London WC1ETDDand
BroadwayHouse,
NewtownRoad,
Henley-on-Thames,
OxonRG91EN
SetinMonophotoEhrhardt
andprintedin GreatBritainby
BASPrintersLimited, OverWallop, Hampshire
© ChristopherDuffy 1979
Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedin
anyform withoutpermissionfromthe
publisher,exceptforthequotationofbrief
passagesincriticism
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Duffy, Christopher
Siege Warfare.
1.Attackanddefence (Militaryscience) 2. Sieges
I. Title
355.4'4'09031 UG444 78-41274
ISBN071008871X
Contents
Preface xi
Prologue: The EarliestArtillery Fortification
One Fortress Warfare in Renaissance Italy 8
Two Later Italian Wars and the Origins of PermanentArtillery
Fortification 1530-1600 23
Three The Frontiers of France 1513-59 43
Four The Eighty Years War in the Netherlands 1566-1648 58
Five The Apprenticeship of France 1560-1660 106
Six The English Civil War and the Subjugation of Ireland 140
Seven The Baltic Empires 163
Eight The Sultan and his Enemies 191
Nine FortressWarfare beyond the Seas 220
Ten The Fortress and Humankind 247
Bibliography 265
General Index 277
Subject Index 288

Illustrations
I Late medieval fortification in decay 3 31 Dutch fortification 9°
2 ExteriorofoneofDurer's roundels 5 32 Coevorden as rebuilt byMaurice 92
3 SectionofoneofDurer's roundels 5 33 Progress ofan attack, with trenches and
4 Deal Castle 6 redoubts 94
5 Renaissancecannon 9 34 Batteryshootingabreach from the
6 Defenceofabreach at Siena 17 counterscarp 97
7 The citadel ofTurin 24 35 SiegeofMunster bythe German
8 Abastioned fortress undersiege 28 princes, 1657 98
9 View ofthe masonryofabastion 29 36 Final stages ofasiege 99
10 Caprarola 3° 37 The siegeofs'Hertogenbosch, 1629 1°3
II The SanBernardino Bastion at Verona 31 38 Montmelian 115
12 Porta SanPietro (Lucca) 32 39 Errard's fortification 117
13 Classicpentagonal citadel 33 4° SiegeofMontauban, 1621 119
14 Ravelin at Sarzanello 35 41 LaRochelle 120
15 Defenceofabastion 37 42 La Rochelle 121
16 'Families' ofItalian engineers 38-g 43 Fort Fuentes 122
17 Boulogne 48 44 Nancy 123
18 Salses 49 45 SiegeofTurin, 1640 127
19 The siege ofMetz 1552/53 51 46 One ofthe bastions ofMontmedy 137
20 SiegeofThionville 55 47 Berwick-upon-Tweed 141
21 Daniel Speckle 56 48 Plan ofthe Oxford fortifications 15°
22 SpanishmassacreatOudewater 1575 67 49 BasingHouse 156
23 StatueofAlva in the citadelofAntwerp 68 5° The fortifications ofLondon 158
24 Thedemolition ofthe Antwerp citadel 69 51 Castle Parkon the Bandonat Kinsale 161
25 Parma's assaulton Tournai, 1581 75 52 SiegeofSmolensk 168
26 SiegeofOudenarde, 1582 77 53 One ofthe Smolensk towers 171
27 The Spanish bridge at Antwerp, 1585 78 54 Thegulyai-gorodatMoscow, 1606 172
28 Giambelli's infernal machine destroys 55 Vyrodkov's prefabricated siege tower at
the Spanish bridge 79 Kazan, 1552 173
29 MauriceofNassau's siege ofCoevorden, 56 Gustavus's siege ofWolgast, 1630 176
1592 83 57 Tilly's siege ofMagdeburg, 163I 177
3° SiegeofOstend, 16o1-4 87 58 Gustavus is checked at Ingolstadt 181
viii Illustrations
59 The Swedishfortifications at Augsburg 183 72 Turkish fortification in 'palanka' style 216
60 Fort Gustavsburgat Mainz 184 73 The bastioned 'Citadel' ofHuein
61 StormofFrederiksodde, 1657 186-7 Annam 233
62 Siegeofthe monastery at Czestochowa, 74 Japanese tower at Odawara 243
1655 189 75 Himeji Castle 244
63 Zamosc 190 76 Starvationinabesiegedtown 253
64 The Grand Harbourat Malta, 1565 193 77 Maidenly virtue under attack 258
65 The works atValletta 194 78 Vienna in the laterseventeenthcentury 262
66 Nicosia 195 79 Vienna. Thefirst ofaseries of
67 Neuhausel 202 photographs taken in about 1858 263
68 Komorn 2°3 80 The correspondingview westwards,
69 Cherta fortifications 206 looking up the Danube Canal 263
7° Turkishtrenchattack 212 81 Sideviewofthe Karntnertor 264
71 Turkish cannon 213 82 Frontal viewofthe Karntnertor 265

Maps
Italy in the earlysixteenth century: political 10 Denmark, with south Norway and south
Sweden 164
North Italian fortresses in the sixteenth and
earlyseventeenthcenturies 26-7 Poland and western Russia 166
North and north-east France in the sixteenth Central Europe in the ThirtyYears War 178
and earlyseventeenthcenturies 44
Western Mediterranean 198
The Spanish Netherlands in the Eighty Years
The theatre ofwaron the Danube 200
War: politicaland strategic 60
Siberia 208--()
Fortresses in the northern Netherlands in the
sixteenthand seventeenthcenturies 62 Persia 208
France in the Religious Wars 108 Africa, the Indian Ocean and the Spice
Islands 221
Ireland 142
South-EastAsia 231
England and Wales in the Civil War 148
China under the Mings 234
Oxford and its satellite posts 152
Japan and Korea 241