Table Of ContentShipping Law
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Shipping Law
MARTIN DAVIES
MA(Oxon),BCL(Oxon),LLM(Harvard)
Admiralty Law Institute Professor of Maritime Law,Tulane University
Director,Tulane Maritime Law Center
Professorial Fellow ofThe University of Melbourne
ANTHONY DICKEY, QC
FOURTH EDITION
LAWBOOK CO. 2016
PublishedinSydneyby
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Cataloguing-in-Publicationentry
Davies,Martin,1957–author.
Shippinglaw/MartinDaviesandAnthonyDickey.
4thedition.
ISBN:9780455226767(paperback)
Includesindex.
Maritimelaw—Australia.
Dickey,Anthony,1943–author.
343.94096
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Preface
When we wrote the Preface to the third edition of this book, we ruefully noted
that nine years had passed between publication of the second and third editions,
and we expressed the wish that it would not take nine years to produce the next
edition. Well, as it turned out, it didn’t. It took twelve years, half a generation.
InthatsamePreface,wequotedtheBellman’swordsfromLewisCarroll’spoem
“The Hunting of the Snark” — “What I tell you three times is true”. Sadly, but
predictably, many of the things we told you in the third edition (they were all
true, yes they were) are no longer true a dozen years later. It would be tedious to
list every one of the significant changes to the law that have occurred since the
last edition, and we strive never to be tedious (although that is sometimes
difficult). It would, however, be remiss of us not to mention at least some of the
major recent (or recent-ish) developments that are referred to in this edition, if
only to highlight how much this book has been transformed from its humble
beginnings in the first edition in (can this really be right?) 1990. This edition
dealswith(amongmanyotherthings):thePersonalPropertySecuritiesAct2009
(Cth) and its effect on ship registration and mortgages; the comprehensive
revision of matters affecting navigation (and collisions) in the Navigation Act
2012(Cth)andtheNavigationRegulation2013(Cth);Australia’simplementation
of the 1996 Protocol to the Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976, its
denunciation of the original Convention, and the “tacit amendment” increases to
the limits in 2015; the epochal changes to marine insurance made by the
Insurance Act 2015 (UK) and the possibility that Australia may follow suit in
amending the pro-insurer law of marine insurance; Australia’s adoption of the
Bunker Convention 2001 and its implementation of Annex VI of MARPOL,
dealing with air pollution (which led to the renaming of the pollution chapter);
and the adoption of theYork-Antwerp Rules 2016 relating to general average.
Rather to our surprise, one thing that did remain constant between the third
edition and this one was the involvement of our editor, Corina Brooks. The
AmericanpoetJohnGodfreySaxesaid(inaquotationoftenattributedtothefirst
German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck) that laws are like sausages, in that our
respect for them diminishes the more we know about the process of making
them.Thetaskofgettingabookfromfinalmanuscripttoeventualpublicationis,
if anything, even more ghastly than sausage-making or the legislative process.
Likeasausage-eater,you,thereader,arebetteroffnotknowingwhateditorslike
Corina Brooks must do to guide their unenthusiastic authors through the
processes necessary to get to the final product. Rest assured that her work has
always been literally exemplary, a model for other editors to emulate, and we
thank her for it.
In addition to our joint expression of thanks to Corina Brooks, Anthony would
like to thank the Hon Justice Rein, theAdmiralty Judge of the Supreme Court of
vi Preface
New South Wales, Ms Lucinda McIntyre, the Registrar of Ships, and
Mr PrasanthenAthipar, Manager, Marine Environment Salvage and Intervention,
Australian Maritime Safety Authority, for their assistance in preparing the
chaptersthathewrote.Martinwouldlike,onceagain,tothankhisfriend,mentor
andTulanecolleagueBobForcebothforknowingeverythingaboutmaritimelaw
and for his generosity in sharing that knowledge and so many other things.
Martin would also like to thank Ernie van Buuren and the other members of
Ernie’s team at Norton Rose Fulbright (and, before that, Blake Dawson
Waldron), for a never-ending stream of fascinating questions from real cases that
enhanced his understanding of how maritime law works in practice. Lastly,
Martin would like to express his love and admiration for his wife Erinn and his
four daughters (four! another big change since the last edition!) Lydia, Gloria,
Julia, and Eleanor.
Asinpreviouseditions,wewouldalsolikesincerelytothankourselves,foreach
writing those chapters of the book that the other did not want to write.Anthony
wrote Chapters 1–10, 20 and 21. Martin wrote Chapters 11–19.
The law is stated as it appeared to us in January 2016, with the exception of
referencestotheYork-AntwerpRules2016,whichwereinsertedintothetextata
very late stage of production, after their adoption in NewYork on 8 May 2016.
MARTINDAVIES
ANTHONYDICKEY
NewOrleansandPerth
May2016
Table of Contents
Preface................................................................................................................... v
Table of Cases...................................................................................................... ix
Table of Statutes................................................................................................ lxxi
1 Characteristics of a Ship............................................................................ 1
2 Division of Shipping Law Powers inAustralia......................................19
3 Registration of Ships................................................................................. 51
4 Consequences of Registration.................................................................. 77
5 Property, Ownership and Title................................................................ 93
6 Acquisition of Property in Ships........................................................... 113
7 Introduction to Charges over Ships...................................................... 127
8 Maritime Liens........................................................................................ 133
9 Possessory Liens and Bottomry............................................................. 169
10 Mortgage of Ships................................................................................... 175
11 Introduction to Carriage of Goods by Sea........................................... 191
12 Bills of Lading, Sea Waybills and Other Sea-Carriage Documents. 203
13 Voyage Charterparties............................................................................ 367
14 Time Charterparties................................................................................465
15 Collisions and Liability for Damage..................................................... 577
16 Limitation of Liability............................................................................ 625
17 Marine Insurance.................................................................................... 679
18 GeneralAverage.......................................................................................761
19 Pollution from Ships............................................................................... 781
20 Salvage...................................................................................................... 861
21 Wrecks...................................................................................................... 907
Appendix 1: Conlinebill 2016........................................................................ 921
Appendix 2: Combiconbill 2016.................................................................... 927
Appendix 3: Linewaybill 2016....................................................................... 933
Appendix 4: Combiconwaybill 2016............................................................. 939
viii TableofContents
Appendix 5: Congenbill 2016.........................................................................945
Appendix 6: Gencon 94.................................................................................. 951
Appendix 7: NYPE 2015................................................................................ 961
Appendix 8: Institute Cargo Clauses (A) 2009..........................................1027
Appendix 9:York-Antwerp Rules 2016...................................................... 1031
Index................................................................................................................ 1043
Table of Cases
A
AGagniere&CovEasternCoofWarehouses(1921)7LlLRep188................................... 12.840
AGagniere&CovEasternCoofWarehouses(1921)8LlLRep365................................... 12.840
AMeredithJones&CoLtdvVangemarShippingCoLtd(TheApostolis)[1997]2Lloyd’sRep
241........................................................................................................................................... 12.400
AMeredithJones&CoLtdvVangemarShippingCoLtd(TheApostolis)(No2)[2000]2Lloyd’s
Rep337................................................................................................................................... 13.560
ARaptis&SonvSouthAustralia(1977)138CLR346....................................... 2.110,2.220,2.260
A/BNordiskaLloydvJBrownlie&Co(Hull)Ltd(1925)ComCas307............................... 13.210
A/SAwilcovFulviaSpAdiNavigazione(TheChikuma)[1981]1Lloyd’sRep371............ 14.310,
14.440
A/SGunnstein&CoK/SvJensen,KrebsandNielsen(TheAlfaNord)[1977]2Lloyd’s
Rep434................................................................................................................................... 13.660
A/SHansen-TangensRederiIIIvTotalTransportCorp(TheSagona)[1984]1Lloyd’s
Rep194.........................................................................................................14.360,14.380,14.390
A/SIveransRederivKGMSHolstencruiserSeeschiffahrtsgesellschaftmbH&Co(The
Holstencruiser)[1992]2Lloyd’sRep378............................................................................ 14.410
ABMarintransvCometShippingCoLtd(TheShinjitsuMaruNo5)[1985]1Lloyd’s
Rep568...................................................................................................................... 13.560,14.400
ABCShipbrokersvTheShipOffiGloria[1993]3NZLR576................................................... 8.590
AETIncLtdvArcadiaPetroleumLtd(TheEagleValencia)[2010]2Lloyd’sRep257........13.200,
13.490
AICLtdvMarinePilotLtd(TheArchimidis)[2008]1Lloyd’sRep597..................................13.50
ANZBankingGroupLtdvCawood[1987]1QdR131...........................................................13.440
APCMarinePtyLtdvShipAPCAussie1[2009]FCA690.....................................................14.450
ASMShippingLtdofIndiavTTMILtdofEngland(TheAmerEnergy)[2009]1Lloyd’s
Rep293................................................................................................................................... 14.240
AbrahamsvHerbertReiachLtd[1922]1KB477........................................................13.520,13.540
AbtRasha,The[2000]2Lloyd’sRep575................................................................................... 18.60
AbuDhabiNationalTankerCovProductStarShippingLtd(TheProductStar)(No2)[1993]1
Lloyd’sRep397........................................................................................... 14.290,14.300,14.370
AceImportsPtyLtdvCompanhiadeNavegacaoLloydBrasileiro(1987)10NSWLR32... 12.160,
12.210
AchilleLauroFuGioacchino&CvTotalSocietaItalianaperAzioni[1968]2Lloyd’s
Rep247...................................................................................................................... 12.330,13.620
AcramanvJohnston(1871)5SALR65......................................................................................12.420
Acrux,The[1962]1Lloyd’sRep405................................................................8.470,10.320,10.370
Acrux,The[1965]P391................................................................................................................ 8.230
ActionNavigationIncvBottiglierediNavigazioneSpA(TheKitsa)[2005]1Lloyd’s
Rep432...................................................................................................................... 14.270,14.330
ActionSAvBritannicShippingCorporationLtd(TheAegisBritannic)[1985]2Lloyd’s
Rep481................................................................................................................................... 13.570
ActionSAvBritannicShippingCorporationLtd(TheAegisBritannic)[1987]1Lloyd’s
Rep119....................................................................................................................................13.570
ActisCoLtdvSankoSteamshipCoLtd(TheAquacharm)[1982]1WLR119;[1982]1Lloyd’s
Rep7.................................................................................. 12.300,13.600,14.110,14.330,20.150
AcwooInternationalSteelCorpvToko[sic]KaiunKaishaLtd840F2d1284
(6thCir1988)............................................................................................................ 12.170,12.560
AdamastosShippingCoLtdvAnglo-SaxonPetroleumCoLtd[1959]AC133......... 13.600,14.150
AdlervDickson[1955]1QB158......................................................................12.740,12.840,15.20
x TableofCases
AdmiraltyCommissionersvOwnersofSSChekiang[1926]AC637...................................... 15.170
AdmiraltyCommissionersvOwnersofSSSusquehanna[1926]AC655.................................15.170
AdmiraltyCommissionersvPage[1918]2KB447...................................................................20.220
AdmiraltyCommissionersvSSVolute[1922]1AC129...........................................................15.150
AdmiraltyCommissionersvValverda(Owners)[1938]AC173............. 8.20,8.190,20.660,20.670
AdvertisingDepartmentPtyLtdvShipMVPortPhillip(2004)141FCR251......................... 5.190
AegeanSeaTradersCorpvRepsolPetroleoSA(TheAegeanSea)[1998]2Lloyd’s
Rep39............................................................13.60,14.380,16.50,16.90,16.100,16.120,19.240
AegnoussiotisShippingCorporationofMonroviavA/SKristianJebsensRederiofBergen(The
Aegnoussiotis)[1977]1Lloyd’sRep268................................................................14.440,14.550
AetnaInsuranceCovM/VLashItalia858F2d190(4thCir1988).......................... 12.340,12.560
AfovosShippingCoSAvRPagnanandFLli(TheAfovos)[1983]1Lloyd’sRep335....... 14.450
Africano,The[1894]P141............................................................................................................8.620
AgapatosvAgnew(TheAegeon)[2003]QB556.........................................................17.620,17.630
AgapitosvAgnew(TheAegeon)(No2)[2003]LloydsRepIR54..........................................17.620
AgarvHyde(2000)201CLR552.............................................................................................. 12.270
Aglaia,The(1888)13PD160..................................................................................................... 20.140
AgnewvCommissionerofInlandRevenue[2001]2AC710...................................................14.560
AgrimpexHungarianTradingCompanyforAgriculturalProductsvSociedadFinancieraDeBienes
RaicesSA(TheAello)[1958]2Lloyd’sRep65..................................................................13.170
AgrosinPteLtdvHighwayShippingCoLtd(TheMataK)[1998]2Lloyd’sRep614........12.130,
12.210
AhmadvMitsuiOSKLinesLtd(2005)222ALR338....................................12.340,12.670,12.780
Aichhorn&CoKGandSwitzerlandGeneralInsuranceCoLtdvTheShipMVTalbot(1974)132
CLR449...........................................................................................................................8.40,8.100
AitchisonvLohre(1879)4AppCas755....................................................................................20.440
AkaiPtyLtdvPeople’sInsuranceCoLtd(1996)188CLR418...................................12.90,12.590
AkaiPtyLtdvPeople’sInsuranceCoLtd[1998]1Lloyd’sRep90..........................................12.90
AkedianCoLtdvRoyalInsuranceAustraliaLtd[1999]1VR80.............................. 17.100,17.110
AkerblomvPrice,Potter,Walker&Co(1881)7QBD129.........................................20.130,20.360
AktieselskabetOlivebankvDanskSvovlsyreFabrik[1919]2KB162...................................... 13.60
AktieselskabetReidarvArcosLtd[1927]1KB352................................................................. 13.540
AktieselskabetdeDanskeSukkerfabrikkervBajamarCompaniaNavieraSA(TheTorenia)[1983]2
Lloyd’sRep210........................................................................................................ 12.280,12.370
AlBattani,The[1993]2Lloyd’sRep219......................................................... 12.90,12.700,12.710
AlamoChemicalTransportCovM/VOverseasValdes469FSupp203(EDLa1979)......... 15.140
AlbacoraSRLvWestcott&LauranceLineLtd[1966]2Lloyd’sRep53............................... 12.310
Albacruz(CargoOwners)vAlbazero(Owners):TheAlbazero[1977]AC774....................... 12.840
Albazero,The[1977]AC774...................................................................................................... 12.680
Albion,The(1861)Lush282;167ER121.................................................................................20.460
Albion,The(1872)3VR(A)1.......................................................................................... 8.300,8.570
Albionic,The[1942]P81............................................................................................................ 20.290
AldebaranCompaniaMaritimaSAPanamavAussenhandelAGZurich[1977]AC157........13.180,
13.280
Alexander,The(1812)1Dods278;165ER1310..........................................................................8.70
AlexandrosShippingCoofPiraeusvMSCMediterraneanShippingCoSAofGeneva(The
AlexandrosP)[1986]1Lloyd’sRep421................................................................ 13.560,14.400
Alfen,The(1857)Swab189;166ER1088...................................................................20.210,20.220
AlfredCToepferSchiffahrtsgesellschaftGmbHvTossaMarineCoLtd(TheDerby)[1985]2
Lloyd’sRep325.........................................................................................................14.110,14.120
AlgreteShippingCoIncvInternationalOilPollutionFund(TheSeaEmpress)[2003]1Lloyd’s
Rep123................................................................................................................................... 19.230
AlgreteShippingCoIncvInternationalOilPollutionFund(TheSeaEmpress)[2003]1Lloyd’s
Rep327...................................................................................................................... 19.230,19.330
Alhambra,The(1881)6PD68......................................................................................................13.90
AlimportvSoubertShippingCoLtd[2000]2Lloyd’sRep447...............................................12.200
Aline,The(1839)1WRob111;166ER514.............................................................................. 8.390
