Table Of ContentShallow Lakes in a Changing World
Developments in Hydrobiology 196
Series editor
K. Martens
Shallow Lakes in a Changing World
Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on
Shallow Lakes,
held at Dalfsen, The Netherlands, 5–9 June 2005
Edited by
1 2 3
Ramesh D. Gulati , Eddy Lammens , Niels De Pauw &
1
Ellen Van Donk
1NIOO/CentreofLimnology,Rijksstraatweg6,3631ACNieuwersluis,TheNetherlands
2RIZA,POBox17,8200AALelystad,TheNetherlands
3GhentUniversity,FacultyofBioscienceEngineering,DepartmentofAppliedEcologyandEnvironmentalBiology,
LaboratoryofEnvironmentalToxicologyandAquaticEcology,
J.Plateaustraat22,B-9000Gent,Belgium
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, Volume 584 (2007)
123
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
AC.I.P.CataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.
ISBN-13:978-1-4020-6398-5
PublishedbySpringer,
P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands
CitethispublicationasHydrobiologiavol.584(2007).
Coverillustration:LakeLoosdrecht,theNetherlands.Photo:LowievanLiere
Printedonacid-freepaper
AllRightsreserved
(cid:1)2007Springer
Nopartofthismaterialprotectedbythiscopyrightnoticemaybereproducedorutilizedinanyform
orbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingorbyanyinformation
storageandretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.
PrintedintheNetherlands
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
R.D. Gulati, E. Lammens, N. De Pauw, E. Van Donk 1–2
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS
Phosphorus reference concentrations in European lakes
A.C. Cardoso, A. Solimini, G. Premazzi, L. Carvalho, A. Lyche, S. Rekolainen 3–12
Benthic nutrient fluxes in a eutrophic, polymictic lake
D.F. Burger, D.P. Hamilton, C.A. Pilditch, M.M. Gibbs 13–25
Modeling nitrogen cycling in a coastal fresh water sediment
R.W. Canavan, A.M. Laverman, C.P. Slomp 27–36
Sediment phosphorus cycling in a large shallow lake: spatio-temporal variation in
phosphorus pools and release
B.M. Spears, L. Carvalho, R. Perkins, A. Kirika, D.M. Paterson 37–48
Nitrate dynamics in a reed belt of a shallow sand dune lake in Japan: Analysis of
nitrate retention using stable nitrogen isotope ratios
H. Fukuhara, F. Nemoto, Y. Takeuchi, N. Toda 49–58
Temporal trends of ion contents and nutrients in three Kenyan Rift Valley saline–
alkaline lakes and their influence on phytoplankton biomass
S.O. Oduor, M. Schagerl 59–68
MACROPHYTES
Elongation and mat formation of Chara aspera under different light and salinity
conditions
I. Blindow, M. Schu¨tte 69–76
Searching for allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton—
state of the art and open questions
E.M. Gross, S. Hilt (nee Ko¨rner), P. Lombardo, G. Mulderij 77–88
AllelopathicactivityofStratiotes aloidesonphytoplankton—towardsidentificationof
allelopathic substances
G. Mulderij, B. Mau, E. van Donk, E.M. Gross 89–100
The role of aquatic macrophytes in microhabitatual transformation of physical-
chemical features of small water bodies
T. Joniak, N. Kuczyn´ska-Kippen, B. Nagengast 101–109
Assessment in two shallow lakes of a hydroacoustic system for surveying aquatic
macrophytes
I.J. Winfield, C. Onoufriou, M.J. O’Connell, M. Godlewska, R.M. Ward, A.F. Brown,
M.L. Yallop 111–119
vi
LIMNOLOGY/PALEOLIMNOLOGY
Combininglimnologicalandpalaeolimnologicalapproachesinassessingdegradation
of Lake Pskov
M. Kangur, K. Kangur, R. Laugaste, J.-M. Punning, T. Mo¨ls 121–132
Sediment diatom assemblages and composition of pore-water dissolved organic
matter reflect recent eutrophication history of Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia)
A. Heinsalu, T. Alliksaar, A. Leeben, T. No˜ges 133–143
Factors influencing taxonomic composition and abundance of macrozoobenthos in
extralittoral zone of shallow eutrophic lakes
_
J. Zbikowski, J. Kobak 145–155
FOOD WEBS
The role of cladocerans reflecting the trophic status of two large and shallow
Estonian lakes
J. Haberman, R. Laugaste, T. No˜ges 157–166
Contribution of different zooplankton groups in grazing on phytoplankton in shallow
eutrophic Lake Vo˜rtsja¨rv (Estonia)
H. Agasild, P. Zingel, I. To˜nno, J. Haberman, T. No˜ges 167–177
Horizontal dynamics of zooplankton in subtropical Lake Blanca (Uruguay) hosting
multiple zooplankton predators and aquatic plant refuges
C. Iglesias, G. Goyenola, N. Mazzeo, M. Meerhoff, E. Rodo´, E. Jeppesen 179–189
Functional response of Anodonta anatina feeding on a green alga and four strains of
cyanobacteria, differing in shape, size and toxicity
B.M. Bontes, A.M. Verschoor, L.M. Dionisio Pires, E. van Donk, B.W. Ibelings 191–204
The role of herbivorous water birds in aquatic systems through interactions with
aquaticmacrophytes,withspecialreferencetotheBewick’sSwan–FennelPondweed
system
M. Klaassen, B.A. Nolet 205–213
Cascading trophic effects in pampean shallow lakes: results of a mesocosm
experiment using two coexisting fish species with different feeding strategies
M. B. Boveri, R. Quiro´s 215–222
Impact of hydrology on aquatic communities of floodplain lakes along the Daugava
River (Latvia)
D. Gruberts, I. Druvietis, E. Parele, J. Paidere, A. Poppels, J. Prieditis, A. Skute 223–237
LAKE RESTORATION
Shallow lake restoration by nutrient loading reduction—some recent findings and
challenges ahead
E. Jeppesen, M. Søndergaard, M. Meerhoff, T.L. Lauridsen, J.P. Jensen 239–252
Reaction of large and shallow lakes Peipsi and Vo˜rtsja¨rv to the changes of nutrient
loading
T. No˜ges, A. Ja¨rvet, A. Kisand, R. Laugaste, E. Loigu, B. Skakalski, P. No˜ges 253–264
vii
Spatial and temporal diversity of small shallow waters in river Luzˇnice floodplain
D. Pithart, R. Pichlova´, M. B´ıly´, J. Hrba´cˇek, K. Novotna´, L. Pechar 265–275
Potential for the development of submerged macrophytes in eutrophicated shallow
peaty lakes after restoration measures
R.J.W. van de Haterd, G.N.J. Ter Heerdt 277–290
The importance of drawdown and sediment removal for the restoration of the
eutrophied shallow Lake Kraenepoel (Belgium)
J. Van Wichelen, S. Declerck, K. Muylaert, I. Hoste, V. Geenens, J. Vandekerkhove,
E. Michels, N. De Pauw, M. Hoffmann, L. De Meester, W. Vyverman 291–303
Why biomanipulation can be effective in peaty lakes
G. ter Heerdt, M. Hootsmans 305–316
MEDITERRANEAN LAKES
State of the art in the functioning of shallow Mediterranean lakes: workshop
conclusions
M. Beklioglu, S. Romo, I. Kagalou, X. Quintana, E. Be´cares 317–326
ChangesinbacterialandciliatedensitieswithtrophicstatusinMediterraneanshallow
lakes
A. Conty, F. Garc´ıa-Criado, E. Be´cares 327–335
The relationship between phytoplankton species dominance and environmental
variables in a shallow lake (Lake Vrana, Croatia)
M. Gligora, A. Plenkovic´-Moraj, K. Kralj, I. Grigorszky, D. Perosˇ-Pucar 337–346
Comparativebiodiversityofcrustaceansandaquaticinsectsfromvariouswaterbody
types in coastal Mediterranean wetlands
D.Boix,J.Sala,S.Gasco´n,M.Martinoy,J.Gifre,S.Brucet,A.Badosa,R.Lo´pez-Flores,
X.D. Quintana 347–359
Land use changes and associated environmental impacts on the Mediterranean
shallow Lake Stymfalia, Greece
E.S. Papastergiadou, A. Retalis, P. Kalliris, Th. Georgiadis 361–372
EUROPEAN WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE
Impact of climatic variability on parameters used in typology and ecological quality
assessment of surface waters—implications on the Water Framework Directive
P. No˜ges, W. Van de Bund, A.C. Cardoso, A.-S. Heiskanen 373–379
Shallow lakes, the water framework directive and life. What should it all be about?
B. Moss 381–394
Submerged macrophyte vegetation and the European Water Framework Directive:
assessment of status and trends in shallow, alkaline lakes in the Netherlands
H. Coops, F.C.M. Kerkum, M.S. van den Berg, I. van Splunder 395–402
viii
CLIMATIC CHANGE
Climate-induced shifts in an experimental phytoplankton community: a mechanistic
approach
L.N. De Senerpont Domis, W.M. Mooij, J. Huisman 403–413
Impact of climatic fluctuations on Characeae biomass in a shallow, restored lake in
The Netherlands
W.J. Rip, M.R.L. Ouboter, H.J. Los 415–424
Response of macroinvertebrates to warming, nutrient addition and predation in
large-scale mesocosm tanks
H. Feuchtmayr, D. McKee, I.F. Harvey, D. Atkinson, B. Moss 425–432
The role of temperature in the population dynamics of smelt Osmerus eperlanus
eperlanus m. spirinchus Pallas in Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia)
A. Kangur, P. Kangur, K. Kangur, T. Mo¨ls 433–441
Predictingtheeffectofclimatechangeontemperateshallowlakeswiththeecosystem
model PCLake
W.M. Mooij, J.H. Janse, L.N. De Senerpont Domis, S. Hu¨lsmann, B.W. Ibelings 443–454
Shallow lakes theory revisited: various alternative regimes driven by climate,
nutrients, depth and lake size
M. Scheffer, E.H. van Nes 455–466
Hydrobiologia(2007)584:1–2
DOI10.1007/s10750-007-0576-y
SHALLOW LAKES
Preface
Ramesh D. Gulati Æ Eddy Lammens Æ
Niels De Pauw Æ Ellen Van Donk
(cid:1)
SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2007
Shallow lakes, especially in Europe and North to both fundamental ecological as well asapplied
America,havebeenreceivingincreasedattention studies on many of these threatened lakes. There
sincethelate1980s,notonlyfromlakemanagers, is also a noticeable increase in the number and
fishery biologists and water-works authorities but frequency of internationalconferences and meet-
also from limnologists and aquatic ecologists. ings dealing with the ecology of shallow lakes,
Climatic change and unanticipated and some- leading to greater international contacts among
timesdrasticchangesinwaterlevels,bothsurface researchers.
and underground, have further contributed to Published studies vividly demonstrate that the
water-quality issues. Therefore, both the ecology water-quality deterioration in many of these
and management of these ecosystems have been lakes, particularly since the 1950s, is primarily a
receiving greater attention during the last few sequel to the intensification of urban activities
decades. Overall concerns over deteriorating and agriculture in the lake catchment areas, and
water quality, due to pollution and the increased overexploitationoffish.Thestudieshavegivenus
pace of eutrophication of many lakes in northern deeper insights into the functioning of food-webs
European countries, have given a great impetus in shallow waters, nutrient dynamics in open
water, and in the complexities of interactions in
littoral and pelagic regions, and of the sediment-
Guesteditors:R.D.Gulati,E.Lammens,N.DePauw&
water interphase. We are now starting to imple-
E.VanDonk
Shallowlakesinachangingworld ment the knowledge gained in order to rehabil-
itate some lakes, if not restore them.
R.D.Gulati(&)(cid:1)E.VanDonk Concomitantly with the above-mentioned
CentreforLimnology,NIOO-KNAW,P.O.Box1299,
developments, there is a spurt of publications on
3600BGMaarssen,TheNetherlands
e-mail:[email protected] shallow lakes in the peer-reviewed, international
journals, especially Hydrobiologia where tradi-
E.Lammens tionallymanyoftheconferenceproceedingshave
DepartmentforEcology,InstituteforInlandWater
been published. It is perhaps opportune to men-
ManagementandWastewaterTreatment(RIZA),
Merlant17,8200AALelystad,TheNetherlands tionherethat1989wasanimportantyear.Inthis
year, the proceedings of the first such interna-
N.DePauw tional conference Biomanipulation As Tool For
RUG-VakgroepToegepasteEcologieen,
WaterManagementwasheldatAmsterdam(8–11
Milieubiologie,J.Plateaustraat22,9000Gent,
Belgium August 1989). The proceedings of this scientific
123
2 Hydrobiologia(2007)584:1–2
meeting which were published in 2000 in Hydro- in the evenings. The subject matter of both the
biologia (Vols. 200/201: 628 pp.), triggered great oral sessions and poster presentations related to
interest among freshwater ecologists and fishery general limnology, food-webs, biodiversity, cli-
biologists.Startingintheearlynineties,foursuch mate change, the EU Water Framework Direc-
triennial international conferences have been tive,nutrientsandevolution,fishesandbirds.The
held in Europe, at Silkeborg (Denmark), Mi- evening workshops dealt with five topics: lake
kolajki (Poland), Berlin (Germany) and Bala- biomanipulation, resistance of lakes to changes,
tonfu¨red (Hungary). The proceedings papers of Lakes Peipsi and IJsselmeer, the EU Water
these conferences deal with a variety of issues FrameworkDirectiveandMediterraneanshallow
facing lakes, especially changes in water chemis- lakes. There was a full day of mid-conference
try and nutrients, plankton biology relating to excursions to various sites of interest, including
deteriorationofwaterqualitycausedbyincreased protected water reserves (Ramsar Sites).
eutrophicationandpollution,perennialbloomsof The participants were given until 31 October
cyanobacteria and loss of biodiversity. Many of 2005toprepareandsubmitmanuscriptsbasedon
the threatened lakes have responded to restora- their presentations at the conference. In total 63
tion works by showing a notable decrease in manuscripts were submitted. Each manuscript
turbidity, i.e., an improvement in underwater was sent to two or three anonymous reviewers
light climate, followinga decrease inphytoplank- and in several cases there was a second review
ton abundance, and the subsequent increase in round.Thisproceedingsvolumecontains41peer-
macrophytes. Even though the improvement in reviewed manuscripts that were finally accepted
water-quality is generally only transitory, i.e., a by Dr. Koen Martens, the Editor-in-Chief of
shift from a turbid-water state dominated by Hydrobiologia.
phytoplankton to a clear-water state generally The guest editors are thankful to the manu-
dominated by macrophytes, it has given us script authors for their cooperation in keeping to
grounds for further theoretical speculations on the deadlines for the review process. We are
the existence of so-called alternative stable states highly indebted to the reviewers, some of whom
in these lakes undergoing restoration. reviewed more than one manuscript and also
Following up the traditions of the preceding helped in improving the language. Finally we
four symposia, the ‘5th International Symposium thank the members of the local organising
on Shallow Lakes’ was held at Dalfsen, in the committee (Paul Boers, conference chairman;
easternpartofTheNetherlands,from5to9June Lowie van Liere, conference secretary; Maarten
2005, at the Conference Centre ‘De Bron’ situ- Ouboter;TabeTietemaandBasvanderWal)for
ated on the bank of the River Vecht. About 250 their help in many ways. The financial help from
participants from 33 countries attended this the Ministry of Environment and Public Health,
meeting, which had the theme Shallow Lakes in Ministry of Transport and Public Works, and
a Changing World. The theme is obviously a Foundation of Applied Water Research
reflection on the ongoing climatic change, the (STOWA) is gratefully acknowledged. Petra
increased occurrence of bio-invasions, and the Angelone and Anette Bisseling-Visser helped in
decrease in biodiversity of lake biota in general. the administrative work of the conference.
The conference schedule included plenary lec- The Shallow Lakes 2008 conference will be
tures (8 invited keynote speakers), which dealt held in November 2008 in Urguay. It is being
with harmful biota, biodiversity, global change, organizedbytheFacultyofSciences,Universidad
ecological restoration, evolutionary ecology, and de la Repu´blica at Punta del ste, Uruguay. For
water fowl. The oral presentations (111) were information see website: http://www.shallowla-
divided into parallel sessions. There were 80 kes2008.org.
posterpresentations,andfivethematicworkshops
123
