ShaderX2: Shader Programming Tips and Tricks with DirectX 9.0

729 Pages·2004·14.955 MB·English

by  Wolfgang F. Engel

ShaderX2: Shader
Programming Tips &
Tricks with DirectX 9
Edited by
Wolfgang F. Engel
Wordware Publishing, Inc.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
ShaderX2:shaderprogrammingtipsandtrickswithDirectX9/editedby
WolfgangF.Engel.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-55622-988-7(paperback,companionCD-ROM)
1. Computergames--Programming. 2. Three-dimensionaldisplaysystems.
I.Title:ShaderXsquared. II. Engel,WolfgangF.
QA76.76.C672S482003
794.8'16693--dc22 2003018871
CIP
©2004,WordwarePublishing,Inc.
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ISBN1-55622-988-7
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Contents
Preface vii
AbouttheAuthors ix
Introduction xix
SectionI—GeometryManipulationTricks 1
UsingVertexShadersforGeometryCompression 3
DeanCalver
UsingLookupTablesinVertexShaders 13
CarstenWenzel
TerrainGeomorphingintheVertexShader 18
DanielWagner
3DPlanetsontheGPU 33
JesseLaeuchli
ClothAnimationwithPixelandVertexShader3.0 40
KristofBeets
CollisionShaders 58
TakashiImagire
DisplacementMapping 73
TomForsyth
SectionII— RenderingTechniques 87
RenderingObjectsasThickVolumes 89
GregJames
Screen-alignedParticleswithMinimalVertexBufferLocking 107
O’dellHicks
HemisphereLightingwithRadiosityMaps 113
ShawnHargreaves
iii
Contents
GalaxyTextures 123
JesseLaeuchli
TurbulentSun 127
JesseLaeuchli
Fragment-levelPhongIllumination 131
EmilPersson
SpecularBumpMappingonPre-ps_1_4Hardware 149
MatthewHalpin
VoxelRenderingwithPS_3_0 161
AaronBurton
SimulatingBlendingOperationsonFloating-pointRenderTargets 172
FrancescoCarucci
RenderingVolumesinaVertex&PixelProgrambyRayTracing 177
EliZ.Gottlieb
NormalMapCompression 185
JakubKlarowicz
DropsofWaterandTextureSprites 190
SylvainLefebvre
AdvancedWaterEffects 207
KurtPelzer
EfficientEvaluationofIrradianceEnvironmentMaps 226
Peter-PikeJ.Sloan
PracticalPrecomputedRadianceTransfer 232
Peter-PikeJ.Sloan
AdvancedSkyDomeRendering 240
MarcoSpoerlandKurtPelzer
DeferredShadingwithMultipleRenderTargets 251
NicolasThibieroz
Meshuggah’sEffectsExplained 270
CarstenWenzel
LayeredCarPaintShader 293
JohnIsidoro,ChrisOat,andNatalyaTatarchuk
MotionBlurUsingGeometryandShadingDistortion 299
NatalyaTatarchuk,ChrisBrennan,AlexVlachos,andJohnIsidoro
iv
Contents
SimulationofIridescenceandTranslucencyonThinSurfaces 309
NatalyaTatarchukandChrisBrennan
Floating-pointCubeMaps 319
ArkadiuszWaliszewski
StereoscopicRenderinginHardwareUsingShaders 324
ThomasRued
Hatching,StrokeStyles,andPointillism 340
KevinBuchinandMaikeWalther
LayeredFog 348
GuillaumeWerle
DenseMatrixAlgebraontheGPU 352
ÁdámMoravánszky
SectionIII—SoftwareShadersandShaderProgrammingTips 381
SoftwareVertexShaderProcessing 383
DeanP.Macri
x86Shaders–ps_2_0ShadersinSoftware 396
NicolasCapens
SoftD3D:ASoftware-onlyImplementationof
Microsoft’sDirect3DAPI 413
OliverWeichhold
NamedConstantsinShaderDevelopment 432
JeffreyKiel
SectionIV—ImageSpace 437
AdvancedImageProcessingwithDirectX9PixelShaders 439
JasonL.Mitchell,MarwanY.Ansari,andEvanHart
NightVision:FrameBufferPost-processingwithps.1.1Hardware 465
GuillaumeWerle
Non-PhotorealisticPost-processingFiltersinMotoGP2 469
ShawnHargreaves
ImageEffectswithDirectX9PixelShaders 481
MarwanY.Ansari
UsingPixelShaderstoImplementaMosaicEffectUsing
CharacterGlyphs 519
RogerDescheneauxandMauriceRibble
v
Contents
MandelbrotSetRendering 526
EmilPersson
Real-TimeDepthofFieldSimulation 529
GuennadiRiguer,NatalyaTatarchuk,andJohnIsidoro
SectionV—Shadows 557
SoftShadows 559
FlavienBrebion
RobustObjectIDShadows 580
SimDietrich
ReverseExtrudedShadowVolumes 587
RenaldasZioma
SectionVI—3DEngineandToolsDesign 595
ShaderAbstraction 597
TomForsyth
Post-ProcessFunwithEffectsBuffers 614
TomForsyth
ShadersunderControl(CodecreaturesEngine) 625
OliverHoeller
ShaderIntegrationintheGamebryoGraphicsEngine 631
ScottSherman,DanAmerson,ShaunKime,andTimPreston
VertexShaderCompiler 650
DavidPangerl
ShaderDisassembler 667
Jean-SebastianLuce
Index 675
vi
Preface
AfterthetremendoussuccessofDirect3DShaderX:VertexandPixelShaderTips
andTricks,Iplannedtodoanotherbookwithanentirelynewsetofinnovative
ideas,techniques,andalgorithms.Thecallforauthorsledtomanyproposalsfrom
nearly80peoplewhowantedtocontributetothebook.Someoftheseproposals
featuredintroductorymaterialandothersfeaturedmuchmoreadvancedthemes.
Becauseofthelargeamountofmaterial,Idecidedtosplitthearticlesintointro-
ductorypiecesthataremuchlongerbutexplainalotofgroundworkandarticles
thatassumeacertaindegreeofknowledge.Thisidealedtotwobooks:
ShaderX2:Introductions&TutorialswithDirectX9
ShaderX2:ShaderProgrammingTips&TrickswithDirectX9
Thefirstbookhelpsthereadergetstartedwithshaderprogramming,whereas
thesecondbook(thisone)featurestipsandtricksthatanexperiencedshader
programmerwillbenefitfrom.
AswithDirect3DShaderX,JavierIzquierdoVillagrán([email protected])
preparedthedraftsforthecoverdesignofbothbookswithin-gamescreenshots
fromAquanox2,whichwerecontributedbyIngoFrick,thetechnicaldirectorof
MassiveDevelopment.
Anumberofpeoplehaveenthusiasticallycontributedtobothbooks:
WessamBahnassi
AndreChen
MuhammadHaggag
KennethL.Hurley
EranKampf
BrianPeltonen
MarkWang
Additionally,thefollowingShaderX2authorsproofreadseveralarticleseach:
DeanCalver
NicolasCapens
TomForsyth
ShawnHargreaves
JeffreyKiel
HunYenKwoon
MarkusNuebel
MichalValient
OliverWeichhold
vii
Preface
Thesegreatpeoplespentalotoftimeproofreadingarticles,proposingimprove-
ments,andexchanginge-mailswithotherauthorsandmyself.Theirsupportwas
essentialtothebookdevelopmentprocess,andtheirworkledtothehighquality
ofthebooks.Thankyou!
AnotherbigthankyougoestothepeopleintheMicrosoftDirect3Ddiscus-
siongroup(http://DISCUSS.MICROSOFT.COM/archives/DIRECTXDEV.html).
Theywereveryhelpfulinansweringmynumerousquestions.
AswithDirect3DShaderX,thereweresomedrivingspiritswhoencouraged
metostartthisprojectandholdonthroughthesevenmonthsittooktocomplete
it:
DeanCalver(Eclipse)
JasonL.Mitchell(ATIResearch)
NatashaTatarchuk(ATIResearch)
NicolasThibieroz(PowerVR)
CarstenWenzel(Crytek)
Additionally,IhavetothankThomasRuedfromDigitalArtsforinvitingmetothe
VisionDaysinCopenhagen,Denmark,andforthegreattimeIhadthere.Iwould
liketothankMatthiasWlokaandRandimaFernandofromnVidiaforlunchatGDC
2003.Ihadagreattime.
Asusual,thegreatteamatWordwaremadethewholeprojecthappen:Jim
Hill,WesBeckwith,HeatherHill,BethKohler,andPaulaPricetookoverafterI
sentthemhundredsofmegabytesofdata.
TherewereothernumerouspeopleinvolvedinthisbookprojectthatIhave
notmentioned.Iwouldliketothankthemhere.Itwasapleasureworkingwithso
manytalentedpeople.
Specialthanksgoestomywife,Katja,andourdaughter,Anna,whospenta
lotofeveningsandweekendsduringthelastsevenmonthswithoutme,andto
myparents,whoalwayshelpedmetobelieveinmystrength.
—WolfgangF.Engel
P.S.:PlansforanupcomingprojectnamedShaderX3arealreadyinprogress.Any
comments,proposals,andsuggestionsarehighlywelcome([email protected]).
viii
About the Authors
DanAmerson
DangraduatedfromNorthCarolinaStateUniversityin2001withabachelor’s
degreeincomputerscience.Duringhisundergraduatestudies,hefocusedonarti-
ficialintelligenceresearchforautomatedcameracontrolandpositioning.After
graduation,DanjoinedNDLinlate2001toworkontheNetImmerseandGame-
bryoengines.Heworksprimarilyonconsolerenderingtechnologiesandmost
recentlyservedasleadprogrammerfortheGamebryoshaderdemoEturnum.
MarwanY.Ansari([email protected])
Marwanisamemberofthe3DApplicationResearchGroupatATIResearch.He
receivedamaster’sdegreeincomputersciencefromtheUniversityofIllinoisat
Chicagoandabachelorofsciencedegreeincomputerscienceandmathematics
fromDePaulUniversity.PriortomovingtoATI’s3DApplicationResearchGroup,
heworkedonOpenGLdriversforNumberNineVisualTechnologybeforejoining
ATI’sDigitalTVgroup.InadditiontohisimagespacecontributionstoShaderX2,
MarwanhasalsocontributedtoGameProgrammingGems4andspokenabout
real-timevideoprocessingusingshadersattheGameDevelopersConference.
KristofBeets([email protected])
Kristoftookhisfirststepsinthe3Dworldbyrunningatechnical3Dfansite,cov-
eringtopicssuchasthedifferencesbetweentraditionalandtile-basedrendering
technologies.Thisinfluencedhiselectricalengineeringstudiesinsuchawaythat
hewrotehisthesisaboutwaveletcompressionfortexturesinDirect3D,apaper
thatwontheBelgianBarcoPrize.Hecontinuedhisstudies,obtainingamaster’s
degreeinartificialintelligence,whileworkingasatechnicaleditorforBeyond3D
andwritingvarioustechnicalarticlesabout3Dhardware,effects,andtechnology.
Asafreelancewriterhewrotethe“FSAAExplained”documentfor3DfxInterac-
tivetoexplainthedifferencesbetweenvarioustypesoffull-screenanti-aliasing.
Thisdocumentresultedinafull-timejobofferat3Dfx.Currentlyheisworkingas
adeveloperrelationsengineerforPowerVRTechnologies,whichincludes
researchintonewgraphicalalgorithmsandtechniques.
FlavienBrebion([email protected])
FlavienhashadapassionforvideogamessincehegotanAmstradCPCattheage
of12.Hestillrememberstypinginhundred-pagelistingsjusttoseeasmallsprite
appearon-screen.HestudiedcomputingscienceattheUniversityofNantes,
France,wherehegraduatedwithbothbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesin2000.
Hehasalsodonealotofresearchanddevelopedmanysmallgamesandrendering
enginesonhisown.CurrentlyheworksatVRcontext,avirtualrealitycompany
ix