Shackelford’s Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

2400 Pages·2018·113.42 MB·English

by  Charles J. Yeon et al.

Shackelford’s
SURGERY
of the
ALIMENTARY
TRACT
SECTION
EDITORS
Volume Volume

1 2
Steven R. DeMeester, MD, FACS Jeffrey B. Matthews, MD, FACS
Division of Foregut and Minimally Invasive Surgery Dallas B. Phemister Professor and Chairman of Surgery
The Oregon Clinic The University of Chicago
Portland, Oregon Chicago, Illinois
Section I Esophagus and Hernia Section III Pancreas, Biliary Tract, Liver, and Spleen
David W. McFadden, MD, MBA, FACS James W. Fleshman, MD, FACS
Chairman, Department of Surgery Seeger Professor and Chairman of Surgery
University of Connecticut Baylor University Medical Center
Surgeon-in-Chief Professor of Surgery
University of Connecticut Health Texas A&M Health Science Center
Farmington, Connecticut Dallas, Texas
Section II Stomach and Small Intestine Section IV Colon, Rectum, and Anus
EIGHTH
EDITION

Shackelford’s
SURGERY
of the
ALIMENTARY
TRACT
Volume
1
Charles J. Yeo, MD, FACS
Samuel D. Gross Professor and Chair
Department of Surgery
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
SHACKELFORD’S SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY ISBN: 978-0-323-40232-3
TRACT, EIGHTH EDITION Volume 1 part number: 9996118169
Volume 2 part number: 9996118223
Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Yeo, Charles J., editor.
Title: Shackelford’s surgery of the alimentary tract / [edited by] Charles J. Yeo.
Other titles: Surgery of the alimentary tract
Description: Eighth edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017042680 | ISBN 9780323402323 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Digestive System Surgical Procedures–methods | Digestive System Diseases–surgery
Classification: LCC RD540 | NLM WI 900 | DDC 617.4/3–dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2017042680
Executive Content Strategist: Russell Gabbedy
Content Development Specialist: Mary Hegeler
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Senior Project Manager: Amanda Mincher
Design Direction: Patrick Ferguson
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my wife, Theresa, and my children, William and Scott; to my many mentors (some
now deceased, many still alive) who have contributed to the science of surgery and to my
education; to the many colleagues and friends whose contributions have made this eighth
edition possible; and to those young alimentary tract surgeons and other health care
professionals who will learn from these pages, move the field forward, and continue to
improve our understanding of alimentary tract diseases.
CHARLES J. YEO
To my father, Tom DeMeester, whose passion for understanding the pathophysiology of
esophageal and foregut disorders and applying this knowledge to better the lives of patients
has been and remains an inspiration for me; to my many mentors who have helped me learn
the craft of surgery and encouraged me to constantly strive for perfection; to my colleagues
who give up many hours of their evenings, weekends, and vacations to contribute to
abstracts, papers, and book chapters; to my fellows and residents who diligently train to be
the next generation of expert surgeons; and to my family and friends who support me and
graciously accept my long hours away at work caring for people in need of help.
STEVEN R. DEMEESTER
I would like to dedicate this book to all the past residents and fellows with whom I have
worked and to thank them for making education such a wonderful part of my life; I hope
this will help us to remember the times we’ve spent together taking care of complex patients
and will encourage you to continue to pass on your knowledge to those whom you mentor.
JAMES W. FLESHMAN
To Dr. William Silen and my late grandfather, Dr. Benjamin M. Banks, for their wisdom;
to the surgical residents and students, for their thirst for knowledge; and to my wife, Joan,
and our boys, Jonathan, David, and Adam, for their love and support.
JEFFREY B. MATTHEWS
To my wife, Nancy, and my children, William, Hunter, and Nora; and to all of my
mentors, colleagues, and patients who challenge and inspire me every day.
DAVID W. MCFADDEN
3/18/2018 Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract- ClinicalKey
BOOK
Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Eighth Edition
Table of Contents
Front Matter in the United States of America and 34. Ablation for Patients With Barrett
Worldwide Dysplasia
Copyright
16. Etiology and Natural History of 35. Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and
Dedication
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Clinical Manifestations of Esophag
Contributors Predictors of Progressive Disease Cancer
Preface 17. Respiratory Complications of 36. Esophageal Cancer Diagnosis and
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Staging
Acknowledgments
18. Acid-Suppression Therapy for 37. Endoscopic Management of High-
1. Esophageal Sphincters in Health and
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Grade Dysplasia and Superficial
Disease
the Therapeutic Gap Esophageal Carcinoma
2. Esophageal Body in Health and
19. Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal 38. Multimodality Therapy in the
Disease
Reflux Disease Management of Locally Advanced
3. Esophageal Mucosa in Health and
Esophageal Cancer
20. Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for
Disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 39. Surgical Approaches to Remove th
4. Relevant Anatomic Relations of the
Esophagus : Open
21. Endoscopic Management of
Esophagus
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 39. Surgical Approaches to Remove th
5. Esophageal Symptoms and Selection
Esophagus : Minimally Invasive
22. Options to Address Delayed Gastric
of Diagnostic Tests
Emptying in Gastroesophageal Reflux 39. Surgical Approaches to Remove th
6. Radiology of the Esophagus : Barium,
Disease Esophagus : Vagal-Sparing
Computed Tomography Scan,
23. Management of Failed 39. Surgical Approaches to Remove th
Positron Emission Tomography Scan,
Fundoplications, End-Stage Esophagus : Robotic
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, and
40. Extent of Lymphadenectomy for
7. Endoscopic Evaluation of the
Scleroderma
Esophageal Cancer
Esophagus and Endoscopic
24. Esophageal Complications of Bariatric
Ultrasonography of the Esophagus 41. Options for Esophageal Replaceme
Procedures
8. High-Resolution Esophageal 42. Palliative Therapy for Esophageal
25. Paraesophageal Hernia : Etiology,
Manometry : Techniques and Use in Cancer
Presentation, and Indications for
the Diagnosis of Esophageal Motility
43. Anastomotic Complications After
Repair
Disorders and for Surgical Decision
Esophagectomy : Frequency,
Making 26. Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hernia
Prevention, and Management
Repair : Technique, Outcomes, and
9. pH and Impedance Evaluation of the
44. Nonreflux Esophagitis
Management of Complications
Esophagus
45. Esophageal Duplication Cyst
27. Open Paraesophageal Hernia Repair
10. Novel Diagnostic Technologies :
46. Submucosal Tumors of the Esopha
Mucosal Impedance, Optical 28. Diaphragmatic Relaxing Incisions for
and Gastroesophageal Junction
Coherence Tomography, Crural Tension During Hiatal Hernia
Endomicroscopy Repair 47. Caustic Esophageal Injury
11. Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction and 29. Collis Gastroplasty for a 48. Etiology and Management of
Zenker Diverticulum Foreshortened Esophagus Esophageal Perforation
12. Surgical Management of Mid- and 30. Mesh at the Hiatus 49. Management of Esophageal
Distal Esophageal Diverticula Perforations and Leaks
31. Controversies in the Definition of
13. Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Medical Barrett Esophagus 50. Basic Concepts and Factors Associ
Management of Achalasia With Ventral Hernia Recurrence
32. Epidemiology of Barrett Esophagus
14. Endoscopic and Surgical Therapies for and Risk Factors for Progression 51. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Achalasia
33. Medical and Surgical Therapy for 52. Ventral Hernia and Abdominal
15. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease : Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Release Procedures
Definition and Scope of the Problem Barrett Esophagus
53. Inguinal Hernia Repair : Laparosc
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3/18/52031.8 Inguinal Hernia Repair : Open S8h3a.ckelSfourrdg'si cSaurlg Ceroyn odf itthieo nAsli mofe nthtaery S Tmraaclt-l ClinicalKey113. Prevention and Management of Bi
Intestine in Infants and Children Duct Injury
54. Lumbar, Pelvic, and Uncommon
Hernias 84. Ileostomy 114. Operative Management of Bile Du
Strictures
55. Mesh : Material Science of Hernia 85. Suturing, Stapling, and Tissue
Repair Adhesion 115. Biliary Atresia and Biliary Hypopla
56. Anatomy and Physiology of the 86. Anatomy and Physiology of the 116. Cystic Disorders of the Bile Ducts
Stomach Mesenteric Circulation
117. Surgical Treatment of Primary
57. Diagnostic and Therapeutic 87. Mesenteric Ischemia Sclerosing Cholangitis
Endoscopy of the Stomach and Small
88. Aortoenteric Fistula and Visceral 118. Anatomy and Physiology of the Liv
Bowel
Artery Aneurysms
119. Laboratory Measurement of Hepa
58. Access and Intubation of the Stomach
89. Mesenteric Arterial Trauma Function
and Small Intestine
90. Anatomy, Physiology, and Embryology 120. Perioperative Management and
59. Surgery for Peptic Ulcer Disease
of the Pancreas Nutritional Support in Patients Wi
60. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Liver and Biliary Tract Disease
91. Acute Pancreatitis
61. Gastric Adenocarcinoma 121. Hepatic Cysts
92. Chronic Pancreatitis
62. Postgastrectomy Syndromes 122. Liver Abscess
93. Pseudocysts and Other Complications
63. Operations for Morbid Obesity of Pancreatitis 123. Management of Hepatobiliary Tra
64. Foreign Bodies and Bezoars of the 94. Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive 124. Diagnostic Operation of the Liver
Stomach and Small Intestine Therapy for Complications of Techniques of Hepatic Resection
Pancreatitis
65. Motility Disorders of the Stomach and 125. Minimally Invasive Techniques of
Small Intestine 95. Imaging and Radiologic Intervention Hepatic Resection
in the Pancreas
66. Miscellaneous Benign Lesions and 126. Ablative Therapies for Hepatic
Conditions of the Stomach, 96. Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer Neoplasms
Duodenum, and Small Intestine
97. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the 127. Hepatic Transplantation
67. Surgical Disease of the Stomach and Pancreas
128. Acute Liver Failure and Bioartifici
Duodenum in Infants and Children
98. Primary Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Liver Support
68. Anatomy and Physiology of the
99. Unusual Pancreatic Tumors 129. Vascular Diseases of the Liver
Duodenum
100. Techniques of Pancreatic Resection 130. Drug-Induced Liver Injury
69. Adenocarcinoma of the Small
for Cancer
131. Benign Hepatic Neoplasms
Intestine
101. Minimally Invasive Pancreas Surgery
132. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
70. Reoperations on the Stomach and
102. Pancreatic Trauma
Duodenum 133. Management of Primary Malignan
103. Pancreatic Problems in Infants and Hepatic Neoplasms Other Than
71. Anatomy and Physiology of the Small
Children Hepatocellular Cancer
Intestine
104. Pancreas and Islet Allotransplantation 134. Management of Secondary Hepati
72. Small Bowel Obstruction
Neoplasms
105. Prevention and Management of
73. Volvulus of the Stomach and Small
Complications of Pancreatic Surgery 135. Management of Portal Hypertensi
Bowel
106. Anatomy, Embryology, Anomalies, 136. Anatomy and Physiology of the Sp
74. Internal Hernias : Congenital and
and Physiology of the Biliary Tract
Acquired 137. Technique of Splenectomy
107. Imaging and Radiologic Intervention
75. Crohn Disease and Its Surgical 138. Minimally Invasive Surgical and
in the Biliary Tract
Management Image-Guided Interventional
108. Operative Management of Approaches to the Spleen
76. Gastric, Duodenal, and Small
Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis
Intestinal Fistulas 139. Management of Splenic Trauma in
109. Management of Common Bile Duct Adults
77. Small Bowel Diverticula
Stones
140. Splenic Trauma in Children
78. Radiation Enteritis
110. Biliary Dyskinesia and Sphincter of
141. Splenectomy for Conditions Other
79. Short Bowel Syndrome
Oddi Dysfunction
Than Trauma
80. Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors
111. Endoscopic Evaluation and
142. Cysts and Tumors of the Spleen
81. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Management of Pancreaticobiliary
143. Operative Anatomy of the Colon,
Disease
82. Gastrointestinal Lymphomas
Rectum, and Anus
112. Biliary Tract Tumors
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3/18/1240148. Physiology of the Colon and Its S15ha9c.kelFfoirsds'us rSeu-rginer-yA onfo the Alimentary Tract- ClinicalKey170. Minimally Invasive Approaches to
Measurement Colon Cancer
160. Anal Fistula Management
145. Diagnostic and Therapeutic 171. Recurrent and Metastatic Colorect
161. Concepts in Inflammatory Bowel
Colonoscopy Cancer
Disease Management
146. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Staging 172. Management of Metastatic Colorec
162. Operative Therapy for Ulcerative
of Rectal Cancer Cancer to the Liver
Colitis : A Minimally Invasive
147. Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Approach 173. Neoplasms of the Anus : High-Gra
Anorectal Disease Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
163. Surgery for Crohn Disease :
Cancer
148. Diagnosis and Management of Fecal Personalizing the Operation
Incontinence 174. Retrorectal Tumors
164. Appendix
149. Surgical Treatment of Dysmotility 175. Rare Colorectal Malignancies
165. Inherited Colorectal Cancer and the
Disorders of the Colon
Genetics of Colorectal Cancer 176. Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therap
150. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction for Colorectal Cancer : Molecular-
166. Basic Principles of the Operative
Based Therapy
151. Rectovaginal and Rectourethral Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Fistulas 177. Prevention, Diagnosis, and
167. Transanal Approaches to Early Rectal
Management of Anastomotic Leak
152. Current Approaches to Complete Cancers : Transanal Minimally
Rectal Prolapse and Internal Invasive Surgery 178. Ostomy Construction and
Intussusception Management : Personalizing the
167. Transanal Approaches to Early Rectal
Stoma for the Patient
153. Pilonidal Disease and Perianal Cancer : Transanal Endoscopic
Hidradenitis Microsurgery and Conventional 179. Reducing the Risk of Infection in t
Transanal Excision Elective and Emergent Colectomy
154. Emergent Care of the Victim of
Patient
Colorectal Trauma 168. Operations for Rectal Cancer : Low
Anterior Resection—Open, 180. Reoperative Pelvic Surgery
155. Colonic Intussusception and Volvulus
Laparoscopic or Robotic, taTME,
181. Evidence-Based Decision Making
156. Colonic Bleeding and Ischemia
Coloanal Anastomosis
Colon and Rectal Surgery
157. Diverticular Disease Management
169. Abdominoperineal Resection for
158. Hemorrhoids and Rectoceles Rectal Cancer
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Contributors
Abbas E. Abbas, MD, MS, FACS Emanuele Asti, MD, FACS
Professor and Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Assistant Professor, General and Emergency Surgery, IRCCS
Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery; Director, Policlinico San Donato, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Temple University School of
Hugh G. Auchincloss, MD, MPH
Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cardiothoracic Fellow, Massachusetts General Hospital,
David B. Adams, MD Boston, Massachusetts
Professor of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina,
Benjamin Babic, MD
Charleston, South Carolina
Department of Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Hospital,
Piyush Aggarwal, MBBS Frankfurt, Germany
Fellow, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix,
Talia B. Baker, MD
Arizona
Associate Professor of Surgery, Transplantation Institute,
Bestoun H. Ahmed, MD, FRCS, FACS, FASMBS The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
Chad G. Ball, MD, MSC, FRCSC, FACS
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Calgary, Foothills
Craig Albanese, MD, MBA Medical Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Arianna Barbetta, MD
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
Research Fellow, General Surgery Department, Thoracic
Matthew R. Albert, MD, FACS, FASCRS Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,
Program Director, Florida Hospital Colorectal Fellowship, New York, New York
Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Center for Colon
John M. Barlow, MD
and Rectal Surgery, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic
Abubaker Ali, MD College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Justin Barr, MD, PhD
Michigan
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center,
Evan Alicuben, MD Durham, North Carolina
General Surgery Resident, Keck School of Medicine of the
Juan Camilo Barreto, MD
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology,
Marco E. Allaix, MD, PhD University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Arkansas
Torino, Italy
Linda Barry, MD, FACS
Ashley Altman, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Connecticut
Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago School of Medicine; Chief Operating Officer, Connecticut
Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Farmington,
Connecticut
Hisami Ando, MD
President, Aichi Prefectural Colony; Emeritus Professor, Eliza W. Beal, MD
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner
School of Medicine, Nagoya-city, Aichi, Japan Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
Ciro Andolfi, MD Kristin Wilson Beard, MD
Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Round Rock, Texas
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
David E. Beck, MD, FACS, FASCRS
Alagappan Annamalai, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Colon and Rectal
Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana;
Professor of Surgery, Ochsner Clinical School, University of
Elliot A. Asare, MD, MS
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Chief Resident, General Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
vi