Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates Ecology of the Two Sexes

496 Pages·2005·7.473 MB·English

by  K Ruckstuhl et al

Sexual
Segregation in
Vertebrates
Ecology of the
Two Sexes
Edited by
k. e. ruckstuhl
University of Calgary, Canada
and University of Cambridge,
UK
p. neuhaus
Universitéde Neuchaˆtel,
Switzerland, University of
Calgary, Canada and University
of Cambridge, UK
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,S˜aoPaulo
CambridgeUniversityPress
TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,CB22RU,UK
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,
NewYork
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521835220
(cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress2005
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2005
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
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ISBN-13 978-0-521-83522-0hardback
ISBN-10 0-521-83522-4hardback
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accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtoin
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Contents
Listofcontributors page viii
Preface xi
PartI
Overview
1 Sexualsegregationandtheecologyofthetwosexes 3
kathreen e. ruckstuhl and tim h.
clutton-brock
PartII
Conceptsandmethodology
2 Definitions,hypotheses,modelsandmeasuresinthe
studyofanimalsegregation 11
larissa conradt
PartIII
Foragingecology
3 Sexdifferencesintheforagingecologyoflarge
mammalianherbivores 35
johan t. du toit
4 Sexualsegregationinseals 53
iain j. staniland
v
vi Contents
5 Sexualdifferencesinforagingbehaviouranddiets:
acasestudyofwanderingalbatrosses 74
josé c. xavier and john p. croxall
6 Differencesinforagingbehaviourandfeedingecology
ingiantpetrels 92
jacob gonzáles-solís and john p. croxall
PartIV
Predatoravoidanceandreproductivestrategies
7 Predationriskasadrivingfactorforsizeassortative
shoalinganditsimplicationsforsexualsegregation
infish 115
darren p. croft, jens krause and richard
james
8 Differencesinhabitatselectionandreproductive
strategiesofmaleandfemalesharks 127
david w. sims
9 Sexdifferencesinreproductivestrategiesaffecthabitat
choiceinungulates 148
martin b. main and johan t. du toit
PartV
Sex-relatedactivitiesandsocialfactors
10 Activityasynchronyandsocialsegregation 165
kathreen e. ruckstuhl and peter neuhaus
11 Sexualsegregationinungulates:fromindividual
mechanismstocollectivepatterns 180
richard bon, jean-louis deneubourg,
jean-françois gerard and pablo michelena
12 Sexualsegregationinhumans 200
anthony d. pellegrini, jeffrey d. long and
elizabeth a. mizerek
Contents vii
PartVI
Sexualdifferencesinecology:comparisonswithin
differenttaxa
13 Ecologicaldivergencebetweenthesexesinreptiles 221
richard shine and michael wall
14 SexualsegregationinAustralianmarsupials 254
abigail m. macfarlane and graeme coulson
15 Socialsystemsandecologyofbats 280
john d. altringham and paula senior
16 Socialityandecologyoftheodontocetes 303
robert michaud
17 Sexualsegregationinnon-humanprimates 327
david p. watts
PartVII
Implicationsforconservation
18 Sexualsegregationinbirds:patterns,processesand
implicationsforconservation 351
paulo catry, richard a. phillips and
john p. croxall
19 Sexualsegregation:anecessaryconsiderationin
wildlifeconservation 379
esther s. rubin and vernon c. bleich
PartVIII
Outlook
20 Conclusionsandfuturedirections 395
peter neuhaus, kathreen e. ruckstuhl and
larissa conradt
References 403
Index 479
Contributors
JohnD.Altringham
SchoolofBiology,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,UK
VernonC.Bleich
CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame,407W.LineSt.Bishop,CA
93514,USA
RichardBon
CentredeRecherchessurlaCognitionAnimale,CNRS--UniversitéPaul
Sabatier--ToulouseIII,118RoutedeNarbonne,31062Toulousecedex4,
France
PauloCatry
UnidadedeInvestigaç˜aoemEco-Etologia,InstitutoSuperiordePsicologia
Aplicada,RuaJardimdoTabaco44,1149-041Lisboa,Portugal
TimH.Clutton-Brock
DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofCambridge,DowningStreet,
Cambridge,CB23EJ,UK
LarissaConradt
SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofSussex,Falmer,BrightonBN1
9QG,UK
GraemeCoulson
DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofMelbourne,Victoria3010,Australia
DarrenP.Croft
SchoolofBiology,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,UK
JohnP.Croxall
BritishAntarcticSurvey,HighCross,MadingleyRoad,CambridgeCB30ET,
UK
viii
Listofcontributors ix
Jean-LouisDeneubourg
Serviced’EcologieSociale,CP231,UniversitéLibredeBruxelles,Boulevard
duTriomphe,1050Bruxelles,Belgium
JohanT.duToit
DepartmentofForest,Range,andWildlifeSciences,UtahStateUniversity,
5230OldMainHill,LoganUT84322-5236,USA
Jean-FrançoisGerard
InstitutdeRecherchesurlesGrandsMammifères,INRA,BP27,31326
Castanet-Tolosan,France
JacobGonzáles-Solís
DepartamentoBiologiaAnimal(Vertebrats),AvDiagonal645,Barcelona
08028,Spain
RichardJames
DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofBath,Bath,BA27AY,UK
JensKrause
SchoolofBiology,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,UK
JeffreyD.Long
EducationalPsychology,UniversityofMinnesota,204BurtonHall,178
PillsburyDriveSE,Minneapolis,MN55455-0208,USA
AbigailM.MacFarlane
DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofMelbourne,Victoria3010,Australia
MartinB.Main
UniversityofFlorida,SouthwestFloridaResearch&EducationCenter,
2686StateRoad29North,Immokalee,FL34142,USA
RobertMichaud
GroupdeRechercheetd’éducationsurlesmammifèresmarin,295
CheminSainte-Foy,QuebecG1R1T5,Canada
PabloMichelena
CentredeRecherchessurlaCognitionAnimale,CNRS--UniversitéPaul
Sabatier--ToulouseIII,118RoutedeNarbonne,31062Toulousecedex4,
France
ElizabethA.Mizerek
CenterforAppliedResearch&EducationalImprovement,Universityof
Minnesota,204BurtonHall,178PillsburyDriveSE,Minneapolis,MN
55455-0208,USA
PeterNeuhaus
DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofCambridge,DowningStreet,
CambridgeCB23EL,UK
x Listofcontributors
and
InstitutedeZoology,UniversitédeNeuchaˆtel,Emile-Argand11,Case
postale2,2007Neuchaˆtel,Switzerland
AnthonyD.Pellegrini
EducationalPsychology,UniversityofMinnesota,204BurtonHall,178
PillsburyDriveSE,Minneapolis,MN55455-0208,USA
RichardA.Phillips
BritishAntarcticSurvey,HighCross,MadingleyRoad,CambridgeCB30ET,
UK
EstherS.Rubin
ZoologicalSocietyofSanDiego,CenterforReproductionofEndangered
Species,P.O.Box120551,SanDiego,CA92112-051,USA
KathreenE.Ruckstuhl
DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofCambridge,DowningStreet,
CambridgeCB23EL,UK
and
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofCalgary,2500University
DriveNW,CalgaryAB,T2N1N4,Canada
PaulaSenior
SchoolofBiology,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,UK
RichardShine
SchoolofBiologicalSciencesA08,UniversityofSydney,NSW2006,
Australia
DavidW.Sims
MarineBiologicalAssociationoftheUnitedKingdom,TheLaboratory,
CitadelHill,PlymouthPL12PB,UK
IainJ.Staniland
BritishAntarcticSurvey,HighCross,MadingleyRoad,CambridgeCB30ET,
UK
MikeWall
SchoolofBiologicalSciencesA08,UniversityofSydney,NSW2006,
Australia
DavidP.Watts
DepartmentofAnthropology,YaleUniversity,P.O.Box208277,NewHaven,
CT06520-8277,USA
JoséC.Xavier
BritishAntarcticSurvey,HighCross,MadingleyRoad,CambridgeCB30ET,
UK
and
CentreofMarineSciences(CCMAR),UniversityofAlgarve,Campusde
Gambelas,8000--117Faro,Portugal
Preface
In September 2002, we invited researchers to discuss their work,
but also to consolidate our knowledge of sexual segregation in verte-
brates,duringathree-dayworkshopintheZoologyDepartmentofthe
University of Cambridge. The book stems from this workshop, but is
much more than a compilation of different research chapters. At that
workshopwegaveeachauthorthetasktointegratetheirknowledgeof
a particular system into the framework of sexual segregation. Many of
theauthorshadnotevenpreviouslyworkedonsexualsegregationbut,
asyouwillsee,theyalldidanexcellentjobinsynthesizinginformation
onsexualsegregationandtheecologyofthetwosexesindifferenttaxa.
We’re very fortunate to have been able to attract so many outstanding
scientists who either contributed to the book itself or commented on
thechapters.OurspecialthanksalsogotoLottiandHansNeuhauswho
flew over from Switzerland to look after Anna May, so that we did not
have to segregate for parental duties. We are also very grateful to the
staffatGonvilleandCaiusCollege,Cambridge,whoprovidedaccommo-
dationfortheworkshop;totheUniversityofCambridge,whoprovided
uswithteaandbiscuitsduringteabreaks;and,inparticular,wewould
like to thank the staff in the Zoology Department of Cambridge and
all our colleagues who supported us in various stages during the writ-
ing and editing of this book. The whole process, from organizing the
workshoptoeditingthebook,hasbeenachievedwhileKathreenandI
werepostdoctoralfellowattheUniversityofCambridge.AnneCarlson
deservesaspecialthankyouforallherhelp,particularlywiththebook
proposal.WearealsogreatlyindebtedtoNickDavis(Cambridge),Peter
Jarman (Australia) and an anonymous referee who commented on the
book proposal and improved it considerably. A special thank you also
goes to Tracey Sanderson who initially was our book editor, Martin
Griffiths, Carol Miller, Kath Pilgrem and Clare Georgy of Cambridge
xi
xii Preface
UniversityPressforcomments,editingandgettingthebookpublished.
We greatly enjoyed working with all of them and are very grateful for
their help and encouragement. Before we acknowledge all the people
whohavereviewedchaptersinthisbookwewouldliketomentionthat
wededicatethisbooktoourdaughter,AnnaMay,andtomylatefather,
FredericRuckstuhl.Tobothofthemthewondersofnatureareforever
puzzlingandattractive,justastous.
Thisbookwouldneverhavebeenrealizedwithouttheencourage-
mentandsupportofsomanypeopleallofwhosenameswecannotlist
here--abig,bigthankyou!Specialthanksgotothenumerousreview-
ers of the chapters in this book. All chapters were peer-reviewed by at
least two specialists. We highly appreciate the excellent and helpful
comments with which the chapters in this book have been consider-
ablyimproved.Finally,wewouldliketothankalltheauthorsfortheir
significantcontributions.Itwasapleasuretoworkwithallofyou!