Table Of ContentSex, Gender, and Sexuality in Sport
Diverse sex, gender, and sexual identities historically have been pushed to the
margins in sport. While there is more visibility and inclusion for LGBTIQ
(lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer) people in sport today
than in the past, there still exists bigotry and marginalization.
In this book, Vikki Krane and a team of leading sport scholars critically
assess what we know about sex, gender, and sexuality in sport; expose areas
in need of further inquiry; and offer new avenues for theory, research, and
practice. Drawing on cultural studies perspectives, and with social justice at
the heart of every chapter, the book discusses theory, policy, practice, and the
experiences of LGBTIQ people in sport.
Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Sport is an important read for undergraduate
and postgraduate students in any class with content on LGBTIQ people in
sport, but particularly for those studying sport and gender, sexuality and
sport, LGBT studies, psychology of gender, contemporary issues in sport,
sociology of gender, and sport and higher education. It is also a vital resource
for scholars who conduct research in the area of LGBTIQ people in sport.
Vikki Krane is Professor of Teaching Excellence in the School of Human
Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies at Bowling Green State University,
USA. She teaches Sport Psychology, Gender and Sport, and Research.
She is also an affiliated faculty member with the Women’s, Gender, and
Sexuality Studies and American Culture Studies programs. Dr. Krane is a
Sport Psychologist whose scholarship focuses on sex, gender, and sexuality in
sport, and qualitative research, epistemology, and methodology. She is on the
editorial boards of The Sport Psychologist and Quest, as well as being a fellow of
the National Academy of Kinesiology.
Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
in Sport
Queer Inquiries
Edited by Vikki Krane
First published 2019
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 selection and editorial matter, Vikki Krane; individual chapters, the
contributors
The right of Vikki Krane to be identified as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted
in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-07060-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-07061-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-11499-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Garamond
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Precilla Y.L. Choi
You always said I should write a book. I only wish you could
have been a part of it. I miss you, my friend.
Celia Brackenridge
Your brilliance as a scholar-activist has been an inspiration.
As a pioneer and trailblazer, you’ve been a role model for
how to confront and transgress the sporting hegemony
and transform sport to be more inclusive and safer for all
participants. Your legacy lives on in all of us who continue to
work toward social justice in sport.
Contents
List of figures ix
List of tables xi
About the contributors xii
Foreword by Carole Oglesby xvi
Acknowledgments xx
1 Introduction: LGBTIQ people in sport 1
VIKKI KRANE
PART I
Conceptual frameworks 13
2 Four perspectives for understanding LGBTIQ people in sport 15
JENNIFER J. WALDRON
3 Using intersectionality to study and understand LGBTIQ
people in sport 33
DAFINA-LAZARUS (D-L) STEWART
4 Negotiating gender among LGBTIQ athletes: sport as a
space for disruption and reproduction 49
KERRIE J. KAUER AND LAUREN RAUSCHER
PART II
Sexual orientation and sport 67
5 Inclusion or illusion? Lesbians’ experiences in sport 69
MALLORY MANN AND VIKKI KRANE
viii Contents
6 Conceptualizing gay men in sport 87
ELIZABETH S. CAVALIER
7 Focusing on the B in LGBTIQ: bisexual athletes and sport 105
KATIE SULLIVAN BARAK
8 Sports administration: heteronormative presents,
queer futures 123
KRISTINE E. NEWHALL AND NEFERTITI A. WALKER
PART III
Gender identity and sport 143
9 Making space: transgender athletes 145
TAMAR Z. SEMERJIAN
10 Transgender kids and sport participation 163
ANN TRAVERS
PART IV
Intersex variations and sport 179
11 Sex control in women’s sport: a history of the present
regulations on hyperandrogenism in female athletes 181
L. DAWN BAVINGTON
12 Fair play: intersex variations and sport 202
VIKKI KRANE AND BRANDY PANUNTI
PART V
Conclusion 221
13 Creating a new sport culture: reflections on queering sport 223
VIKKI KRANE AND HEATHER BARBER
Glossary 238
Index 250
Figures
1.1 Olympic champion Eric Radford of Canada
(skating with Meagan Duhamel) 1
1.2 Members of Cheer New York, an adult cheerleading
organization by and for the LGBTIQ communities, at
NYC pride parade 7
2.1 Tom Daley, British Olympic diver (2012, 2016) 15
2.2 Alison Van Uytvanck, Belgian professional tennis player 25
3.1 Stephanie Wheeler, head coach USA women’s wheelchair
basketball team and the University of Illinois women’s
wheelchair basketball team 33
3.2 Brittney Griner, U.S. professional and Olympic basketball
player, at the ESPY Awards 38
4.1 Simona Meiler, Swiss Olympic snowboarder (2010, 2014) 49
4.2 Johnny Weir, two-time U.S. Olympic figure skater (2006, 2010) 56
5.1 Elena Delle Donne, U.S. Olympic and professional
basketball player for the Washington Mystics of the WNBA 69
5.2 Jeanette Pettigrew, U.S. NCAA Division I sprinter 77
6.1 Adam Rippon, U.S. Olympic figure skater 87
6.2 Matthew Mitcham, Australian Olympic champion diver 97
7.1 Nicola Adams, U.K. Olympic gold medalist (2012 and
2016) in boxing 105
7.2 Cheryl Maas, three-time Olympian in snowboarding for
the Netherlands and X-Games competitor 113
8.1 Amelie Mauresmo, French professional tennis coach and
former top-ranked player 123
8.2 Pia Sundhage, Swedish former professional football player
who coached the Swedish and U.S. national teams 133
9.1 Brent Darah, NCAA Division I cross-country runner 145
9.2 Jay Mulucha, executive director and founder of Fem
Alliance Uganda, representing Uganda at the 2018 Gay
Games in Paris 152
10.1 Youth baseball players 163
11.1 Women’s 800m race at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games 181
