Table Of ContentSEPARATIST MOVEMENTS
a global reference
SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS
a global reference
BRIAN BEARY
A Division of SAGE
Washington, D.C.
CQ Press
2300 N Street, NW, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20037
Phone: 202-729-1900; toll-free, 1-866-4CQ-PRESS (1-866-427-7737)
Web: www.cqpress.com
Copyright © 2011 by CQ Press, a division of SAGE. CQ Press is a registered trademark of Congressional Quarterly Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Maps: International Mapping Associates
Composition: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
The paper used in this publication exceeds the requirements of the American National Standard for Information
Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Printed and bound in the United States of America
15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Beary, Brian.
Separatist movements: a global reference / Brian Beary.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-60426-569-9 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Autonomy and independence movements. I. Title.
JC312.B43 2011
320.01’5—dc22
2010048216
Contents
List of Countries ix
Alphabetical List of Movements xi
List of Biographies xiii
List of Maps xv
About the Author xvii
Preface xix
Introduction 1
Africa 15
South Africa
Afrikaners 17
Comoro Islands
Anjouanais 21
Angola
Cabindans 25
Senegal
Casamançais 30
Nigeria
Ogoni 35
Ethiopia, Kenya
Oromo 41
Somalia
Somalilanders 46
Ethiopia, Kenya
Somalis 51
Cameroon
South Cameroonians 56
Sudan
South Sudanese 61
Morocco
Western Saharans 71
Tanzania
Zanzibar and Pemba Islanders 76
Americas 81
Nicaragua
Afro-Caribbean and Amerindians 83
United States
Alaskans 87
v
vi SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS: a global reference
Denmark
Greenlanders 91
United States
Hawaiians 96
Canada
Inuit 100
United States
Lakota Indians 105
Bolivia
Lowlanders 110
Argentina, Chile
Mapuche 116
Guatemala, Mexico
Mayans 121
United States
Puerto Ricans 126
Canada
Quebecois 129
Australasia and East Asia 135
Australia
Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders 137
Indonesia
Acehnese 141
Papua New Guinea
Bougainvilleans 147
Laos
Hmong 151
Myanmar/Union of Burma
Karen 156
Thailand
Malays 161
New Zealand
Maori 166
Philippines
Moros 171
China
Taiwanese 176
China
Tibetans 181
China
Uyghurs 187
South and West Asia 193
Iran
Azerbaijanis 195
Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan
Baluch 199
India, Pakistan
Kashmiris 204
Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey
Kurds 209
Afghanistan, Pakistan
Pashtuns 219
India
Sikhs 225
Contents vii
Yemen
South Yemenis 231
Sri Lanka
Tamils 237
East Europe 243
Georgia
Abkhazians 245
Ukraine
Crimeans 250
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia
Hungarians 256
Azerbaijan
Karabakh Armenians 262
Russia
North Caucasians 267
Bosnia, Kosovo
Serbs 278
Georgia
South Ossetians 284
Moldova
Transnistrians 289
Cyprus
Turkish Cypriots 294
West Europe 301
France, Spain
Basques 303
Spain
Catalans 309
France
Corsicans 313
Belgium
Flemings 318
Italy
Northern Italians 324
Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden
Saami 328
United Kingdom
Scots 333
United Kingdom
Welsh 339
Self-determination in International Legal Instruments 343
Bibliography 351
Index 353
List of Countries
Country Movement
Baluch, Pashtuns
Afghanistan 199, 219
Cabindans
Angola 25
Mapuche
Argentina 116
Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders
Australia 137
Karabakh Armenians
Azerbaijan 262
Flemings
Belgium 318
Lowlanders
Bolivia 110
Serbs
Bosnia 278
South Cameroonians
Cameroon 56
Inuit, Quebecois
Canada 100, 129
Mapuche
Chile 116
Taiwanese, Tibetans, Uyghurs
China 176 , 181, 187
Anjouanais
Comoro Islands 21
Turkish Cypriots
Cyprus 294
Greenlanders
Denmark 91
Oromo, Somalis
Ethiopia 41, 51
Saami
Finland 328
Basques, Corsicans
France 303, 313
Abkhazians, South Ossetians
Georgia 245, 284
Mayans
Guatemala 121
Kashmiris, Sikhs
India 204, 225
Acehnese
Indonesia 141
Azerbaijanis, Baluch, Kurds
Iran 195, 199, 209
Kurds
Iraq 209
Northern Italians
Italy 324
Oromo, Somalis
Kenya 41, 51
Serbs
Kosovo 278
ix
x SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS: a global reference
Hmong
Laos 151
Mayans
Mexico 121
Transnistrians
Moldova 289
Western Saharans
Morocco 71
Karen
Myanmar/Union of Burma 156
Maori
New Zealand 166
Afro-Caribbeans and Amerindians
Nicaragua 83
Ogoni
Nigeria 35
Saami
Norway 328
Baluch, Kashmiris, Pashtuns
Pakistan 199, 204, 219
Bougainvilleans
Papua New Guinea 147
Moros
Philippines 171
Hungarians
Romania 256
North Caucasians, Saami
Russia 267, 328
Casamançais
Senegal 30
Hungarians
Serbia 256
Hungarians
Slovakia 256
Basques, Catalans
Spain 303, 309
Somalilanders
Somalia 46
Afrikaners
South Africa 17
Tamils
Sri Lanka 237
South Sudanese
Sudan 61
Saami
Sweden 328
Kurds
Syria 209
Zanzibar and Pemba Islanders
Tanzania 76
Malays
Thailand 161
Kurds
Turkey 209
Crimeans
Ukraine 250
Scots, Welsh
United Kingdom 333, 339
Alaskans, Hawaiians, Lakota
United States
Indians, Puerto Ricans
87, 96, 105, 126
South Yemenis
Yemen 231
