Sensors and Instrumentation, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2016

181 Pages·2016·17.327 MB·English

by  Evro Wee Sit (eds.)

Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
Evro Wee Sit Editor
Sensors and
Instrumentation,
Volume 5
Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition
on Structural Dynamics 2016
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
SeriesEditor
Kristin B.Zimmerman,Ph.D.
SocietyforExperimental Mechanics,Inc.,
Bethel,CT,USA
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8922

Evro Wee Sit
Editor
Sensors and Instrumentation, Volume 5
Proceedings of the 34th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition
on Structural Dynamics 2016
123
Editor
EvroWeeSit
SVcommunity.com
HermosaBeach,CA, USA
ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652 (electronic)
ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries
ISBN978-3-319-29858-0 ISBN978-3-319-29859-7 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-29859-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016940977
©TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2016
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Preface
SensorsandInstrumentationrepresentsoneoftenvolumesoftechnicalpaperspresentedatthe34thIMAC,AConference
and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, organized by the Society for Experimental Mechanics, and held in Orlando,
Florida, on January 25–28, 2016. The full proceedings also include volumes on Nonlinear Dynamics; Dynamics of Civil
Structures;ModelValidationandUncertaintyQuantification;DynamicsofCoupledStructures;SpecialTopicsinStructural
Dynamics; Structural Health Monitoring, Damage Detection & Mechatronics; Rotating Machinery, Hybrid Test Methods,
Vibro-Acoustics and Laser Vibrometry; Shock & Vibration, Aircraft/Aerospace, Energy Harvesting, Acoustics & Optics;
andTopicsinModalAnalysis&Testing.
Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsonanimportantareawithin
Sensors and Instrumentation. Topics represent papers on calibration, smart sensors, rotational effects, stress sensing, and
trackingofdynamics.
Theorganizerswouldliketothanktheauthors,presenters,sessionorganizers,andsessionchairsfortheirparticipationin
thistrack.
HermosaBeach,CA,USA EvroWeeSit
v

Contents
1 PhaseControlofRFCavities........................................................................................... 1
BrianPage,OrlandoMurray,PatriciaTan,AlexandriaN.Marchi,AlexanderScheinker,DanielRees,
andCharlesFarrar
2 SmartSetupandAccelerometerMountingCheckforVibrationMeasurements................................ 9
BinLiu,DmitriTcherniak,Niels-JørgenJacobsen,andMartinQvistOlsen
3 NVHDevelopmentatAchatesPower ................................................................................. 19
HasanG.Pasha,DnyaneshSapkal,andJohnKoszewnik
4 35YearswithStructuralMeasurementsatBrüel&Kjær.......................................................... 27
SvendGadeandHenrikHerlufsen
5 MeasuringViolinBowForceDuringPerformance.................................................................. 37
RodrigoSarlo,DavidEhrlich,andPabloA.Tarazaga
6 SynthesizingUncorrelatedDriveFilesforMIMOTransmissibilityMeasurementsonRoadSimulators..... 47
ShounakS.Deshmukh,RandallJ.Allemang,andAllynW.Phillips
7 CalibrationTechniquesforNon-contactingForceExcitationPart1:FrequencyDomainMethods........... 61
PatrickLoganandPeterAvitabile
8 CalibrationTechniquesforNon-contactingForceExcitationPart2:TimeDomainMethods ................. 71
TinaDardenoandPeterAvitabile
9 ResponsesofStructurestoSDoFvs.MDoFVibrationTesting..................................................... 83
LauraD.Jacobs,GarrettD.Nelson,andJohnH.Hofer
10 HighGapMaglevModelandExperimentalValidation............................................................. 95
FrancescoBraghin,FrancescoCastelli-Dezza,andStefanoGhiringhelli
11 BlindIdentificationofOperationalDeflectionShapesfromContinuousScanningLaserDoppler
VibrometryData......................................................................................................... 105
L.Mignanelli,P.Chiariotti,P.Castellini,andM.Martarelli
12 DigitalImageCorrelationforTimingBeltsDynamicCharacterization:PotentialsandCriticalAspects .... 113
P.Castellini,P.Chiariotti,M.Martarelli,andE.P.Tomasini
13 StiffnessCharacterizationofanInflatedAirbagBasedThreeAxisMotionPlatform........................... 123
EddyTrinklein,JasonBlough,GordonParker,JacobThill,andMichaelPlackett
14 ExperimentalEvaluationoftheForceTransmissibilityofPhononic-InspiredVibrationIsolators............ 131
H.Policarpo,M.M.Neves,andN.M.MMaia
15 Vibro-ImpactNES:ACorrelationBetweenExperimentalInvestigationandAnalyticalDescription......... 137
GiuseppePennisi,CyrilleStéphan,andGuilhemMichon
vii
viii Contents
16 FixedBaseModalTestingUsingtheNASAGRCMechanicalVibrationFacility................................ 143
LucasD.Staab,JamesP.Winkel,VicenteJ.Suárez,TrevorM.Jones,andKevinL.Napolitano
17 Observer-BasedDistributedControllersDesignforaCantileverBeam .......................................... 163
XuejiZhang,ZhongzheDong,CassioFaria,KristianHengster-Movric,andWimDesmet
18 ExperimentalCharacterizationofaTunedVibrationAbsorber................................................... 171
Tug˘rulAksoy,GökhanO.Özgen,BülentAcar,andCanerGençog˘lu
Chapter 1
Phase Control of RF Cavities
BrianPage,OrlandoMurray,PatriciaTan,AlexandriaN.Marchi,AlexanderScheinker,DanielRees,and
CharlesFarrar
Abstract Particle accelerators use superconducting radio frequency (RF) cavities that create extremely large electromag-
netic fields to accelerate charged particles. The latest accelerators require an unprecedented level of precision in terms
of particle energy, which translates into accelerating field amplitude and phase within error bounds of 0.01 % and 0.01ı,
respectively. To save money, it is possible to split the output of one high power controlled RF source to multiple cavities.
However, in practice, all cavities are slightly different and experience different disturbances in operation. Because of an
inabilitytoquicklymodulatethephaseandamplitudeoftheindividualsplithighpowerRFsignals,thefieldsofanentire
multi-cavitysystemareaveraged andtreatedasoneentityonwhichfeedbackcontrolisperformedatthelowpower input
to the high power RF amplifier. The issue is compounded by the severe electrical loading that the RF cavity experiences
duringoperation.RadiationpressurecausesLorentzforcedetuning,whichshiftseachcavity’sresonancepeak,amplitude,
and phase of its accelerating field in a unique way. Piezo tuners have been used to counteract Lorentz force detuning of
individualcavities.ThispaperstudiesRFcavityphasecontrolviapiezotuners.Thecontrollerdesignediscapableofquickly
modifyingthenaturalfrequencyofacavityasatoolformodulatingthephaseofanRFsignal.Theapproachisvalidatedin
hardwarewithaNiobiumcoatedsingle-cellcopperTESLA-typeRFcavity.
Keywords Particleaccelerator • RFresonator • Resonancecontrol • Lorenzforcedetuning • Phaseshifting
1.1 Introduction
Radiofrequency(RF)cavitiesareusedinparticleacceleratorstogenerateaccelerationgradientsontheorderof20MV/m.
RF cavities operate by resonating electromagnetic fields at very high frequencies ranging from high MHz to low GHz. In
an effort to lower costs, new accelerators are being designed with many clustered RF cavities that are fed by single high
powerklystrons,asshowninFig.1.1.Legacycontrolmethodsfocusonaveragingthephasesandamplitudesoftheentire
bank of cavities and controlling the klystron output as well as using piezo tuners to counteract the dynamic Lorentz force
detuning that occurs within each cavity at operational voltages [1–5]. For example, the Matter-Radiation Interactions in
Extremes(MaRIE)experimentalfacilityatLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryplanstoemployresonancecavitiesoperating
atapproximately1.3GHzand20MV/maverageaccelerationgradientwith8–24cavitiesdrivenbyasingleklystron.Each
MaRIEacceleratingcavitymustbetunedtoaccountformanufacturingvariabilityanddynamicdetuningduringoperation
withanunprecedenteddegreeofaccuracy,i.e.,amplitudeandphaseerrorboundswithin0.01%and0.01ı,respectively.
B.Page
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering-EngineeringMechanics,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity,Houghton,MI49931,USA
O.Murray
DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL32611,USA
P.Tan
DepartmentofStructuralEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,LaJolla,CA92093,USA
A.N.Marchi((cid:2))•C.Farrar
LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,EngineeringInstitute,MST001,P.O.Box1663,LosAlamos,NM87545,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
A.Scheinker•D.Rees
LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,RFEngineering,MST001,P.O.Box1663,LosAlamos,NM87545,USA
©TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2016 1
E.WeeSit(ed.),SensorsandInstrumentation,Volume5,ConferenceProceedingsoftheSociety
forExperimentalMechanicsSeries,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-29859-7_1