Table Of ContentSeed Policy, 
Legislation and Law: 
Widening a Narrow Focus
Seed Policy, Legislation and Law: Widening a Narrow Focus has 
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Seed Policy, Legislation and Law: Widening a Narrow Focus, edited by Niels P. Louwaars (Vol. 4,
No. 1/2, 2002). International experts focus on national/international seed policy and law.
Hybrid Seed Production in Vegetables: Rationale and Methods in Selected Crops, edited by Amarjit S. 
Basra, PhD (Vol. I, No. 3/4, 1999). This essential guide will help crop scientists and growers increase 
the quality and yield of vegetables such as cucumbers, pumpkins, squash, peppers, onions, gourds, and 
the fruits watermelon and winter melon. Containing suggestions and methods for overcoming male 
plant sterility, inbreeding, and challenges to pollination. This book will help you successfully breed 
hybrid plants to produce bountiful and healthy crops.
Seed Policy, 
Legislation and Law: 
Widening a Narrow Focus
Niels P. Louwaars 
Editor
Seed Policy, Legislation and Law: Widening a Narrow Focus has 
been co-published simultaneously as Journal of New Seeds, 
Volume 4, Numbers 1/2 2002.
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Seed Policy, Legislation and Law: Widening a Narrow Focus has 
been co-published simultaneously as Journal of New Seeds, Volume 4, 
Numbers 1/2 2002.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Seed policy, legislation and law : widening a narrow focus / editor, Niels P. Louwaars. 
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56022-092-9 (hbk.: alk. paper)-ISBN 1-56022-093-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Seed industry and trade-Law and legislation. 2. Plant varieties-Protection. 3. Seed industry and 
trade-Government policy. I. Louwaars, N. P.
K3881.2.S44 2002 
338.U8-dc21
2002006051
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<URL: http://www.elsevier.nl>.............................................................................................2000
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•  FINDEX <www.publist.com>.....................................................................................................1999
•  Food Science & Technology Abstract (FSTA) <www.ifis.org>  1999
(continued)
•  Foods Adlibra..................................................................................................................    1999
•  HORT CABWeb (c/o CAB Intl/CAB ACCESS)
<http://hort.cabweb.org>..........................................................................................................2001
•  Journal of Medicinal Food...........................................................................................................1999
•  Seed Abstracts (c/o C AB Intl/C AB A CCESS) <www. cabi. org/>  . . . 1999
•  Seed Pathology & Microbiology (c/o CAB Intl/CAB ACCESS)
<www.cabi.org>.....................................................................................................................................2001
•  South African Association for Food Science & Technology
(SAAFOST)  ........................................    1999
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Seed Policy, Legislation and Law 
Widening a Narrow Focus
CONTENTS
Preface
Seed Policy, Legislation and Law: Widening a Narrow Focus 
Niels P. Louwaars
SEED POLICY
The Importance of the Farmers’ Seed Systems 
in a Functional National Seed Sector 
Conny J. M. Almekinders 
Niels P. Louwaars
Seed Sectors in Transition: From Centrally Planned 
to Free Market 
Gary Reusche
Policy Measures for Stimulating Indigenous Seed Enterprises 
Sam Kugbei 
Zewdie Bishaw
Challenges and Limitations of the Market 
Cees van der Meer
The Role of International Seed Associations in International 
Policy Development 
Bernard Le Buanec 
Patrick Hejfer
Policy Response to Technological Developments:
The Case of GURTs 
Niels P. Louwaars 
Bert Visser 
Derek Eaton 
Jules Beekwilder 
Ingrid van der Meer
SEED LEGISLATION AND COUNTRY CASES
Seed Regulatory Reform: An Overview  103
Robert Tripp
Seed Quality Control in Developing Countries  117
Tony J. G. van Gastel 
BillR. Gregg 
E. A. Asiedu
Variety Controls  131
Niels P. Louwaars
The Rules for International Seed Trade  143
Bernard Le Buanec
Progresses in the Turkish Seed Industry  155
Nazimi Agikgoz 
CananAbay 
Nevin Agikgoz
Seed Industry Development and Seed Legislation in Uganda  165 
Fred Muhhuku
Seed Regulatory Frameworks in a Small Farmer Environment:
The Case of Bangladesh  177
Md. Nazmul Huda 
Hans W. J. Smolders
UPCOMING ISSUES
Property Rights on Plant Varieties: An Overview  195
Huib C. H. Ghijsen
Regulating Genetically-Modified Seeds in Emerging
Economies  213
Patricia L. Traynor 
John Komen
An Agrobiodiversity Perspective on Seed Policies 
Bert Visser
Index