Security Strategies in the Asia-Pacific: The United States' ''Second Front '' in Southeast Asia

273 Pages·2011·1.88 MB·English

by  Andrew T H Tan

Security Strategies in
the Asia-Pacific
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Security Strategies in
the Asia-Pacific
The United States’ “Second
Front” in Southeast Asia
Andrew T H Tan
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SECURITY STRATEGIES IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC
Copyright © Andrew T H Tan, 2011.
All rights reserved.
First published in 2011 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States – a division of
St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of
the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan
Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998,
of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above
companies and has companies and representatives throughout the
world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United
States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN: 978–0–230–11683–2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tan, Andrew T. H. (Andrew Tian Huat)
Security strategies in the Asia-Pacifi c : the United States’ “second
front” in Southeast Asia / Andrew T H Tan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–230–11683–2 (alk. paper)
1. Security, International—Southeast Asia. 2. Terrorism—
Southeast Asia. 3. Insurgency—Southeast Asia. 4. Southeast Asia—
Politics and government—21st century. I. Title.
JZ6009.S644T36 2011
355'.0335730959—dc22 2011005268
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by MPS Limited, A Macmillan Company
First edition: August 2011
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.
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Contents
List of Tables vi
Acknowledgments vii
1 Security and Terrorism in the Malay Archipelago 1
2 Terrorism 21
3 Insurgencies 57
4 Maritime Security 91
5 Great Power Rivalries 127
6 The Regional Arms Buildup 157
7 Conclusion 179
Notes 193
Bibliography 243
Index 257
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List of Tables
6.1 M ilitary expenditure in the Malay Archipelago
states (US$) (1999–2008) 159
6.2 Military assets of the Malay Archipelago states (1990) 160
6.3 Military assets of the Malay Archipelago states (2009) 160
6.4 M ilitary manpower of the Malay Archipelago states
(1990 and 2009) 161
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Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Palgrave Macmillan, particularly Farideh
Koohi-Kamali and Robyn Curtis, for supporting this book. A spe-
cial word of thanks goes to the referee who had taken a great deal
of effort to read the original manuscript and offer a number of
important and useful suggestions that have led to this fi nal product.
A special word of acknowledgment is also appropriate for the many
individuals, too numerous to name here, who have been tremendous
peers and colleagues in the study of the region and from whom I have
learnt much.
The author also wishes to thank his wife, Angela, for her encour-
agement, love, and support; his mother, Mary; and sister, Lily, for
their many years of love and perseverance. Truly, without God and
family, we are nothing.
Andrew T H Tan
University of New South Wales
Australia
June 1, 2011
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C4h a p t e r 1
Security and Terrorism in
the Malay Archipelago
The Malay Archipelago and the Global
War on Terrorism
The Encyclopaedia Britannica defi nes the Malay archipelago in
terms of physical geography. It describes the archipelago as the
largest group of islands in the world, consisting of more than
13,000 islands in Indonesia and about 7,000 islands in the Philip-
pines. The islands of Indonesia include those of the Greater Sun-
das (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the Celebes), the Lesser Sundas,
the Moluccas, and Irian Jaya (West New Guinea). The islands of
the Philippines include Luzon, the Visayans, and Mindanao. Other
political units in the archipelago are the East Malaysian states of
Sabah and Sarawak, the sultanate of Brunei, and the state of Papua
New Guinea.1 This region is also regarded as maritime Southeast
Asia, as opposed to mainland Southeast Asia, which is connected
by land to the rest of Asia. Although a narrow, geographical defi -
nition of the archipelago excludes West Malaysia, which is geo-
graphically part of mainland Southeast Asia, both Malaysia and
Singapore are usually regarded in discussions on politics as part of
the archipelago, given their close political, cultural, and social links
with it. In addition, the provinces of Patani, Narathiwat, Songkhla,
and Yala in southern Thailand, which used to be part of Malay sul-
tanates and that have a large minority of Malay Muslims who share
a cultural and religious affi nity with Malaysia as opposed to the
Thai Buddhist majority in Thailand, are also regarded as belonging
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