Table Of ContentRuth Henderson
Second Temple Songs of Zion
Deuterocanonical and
Cognate Literature Studies
Edited by
Friedrich V. Reiterer, Beate Ego and Tobias Nicklas
Volume 17
Ruth Henderson
Second Temple
Songs of Zion
A Literary and Generic Analysis of the
Apostrophe to Zion (11QPsa XXII 1–15),
Tobit 13:9–18 and 1 Baruch 4:30–5:9
DE GRUYTER
ISBN978-3-11-031564-6
e-ISBN978-3-11-031579-0
ISSN1865-1666
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In memory of my beloved parents,
Arthur Gordon Moore and Dorothy Olive Henderson,
with gratitude for all they taught me.
�
דאמ ללוהמו 'ה לודג
ושדק רה וניהלא ריעב
ץראה לכ שושמ ףונ הפי
בר ךלמ תירק ןופצ יתכרי ןויצ רה
ךיבהא לכ וילשי םלשורי םולש ולאש
Foreword
I have always loved Jerusalem. The story of this city as told in the pages of the
Bible continually evokes a variety of responses in me: admiration at the capture
of the city by David and the magnificence of its Temple in the days of Solomon;
disappointment and horror at the growing apostasy and idolatry of its inhabit-
ants resulting in its overthrow by the Babylonians; sympathy for the intense suf-
fering of the city described in the book of Lamentations; glimmerings of hope in
its rebuilding and resettlement in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah; and finally joy-
ful expectation in the glorious future of peace predicted for the city of Jerusalem
in the prophecies of Isaiah.
My fascination for this city began almost as soon as I was able to read the
words inscribed on a plaque hanging on the wall of my grandparents’ dining
room,
“Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.”
Although at the time I did not understand their meaning, these words became
etched on my unconscious memory and seemed to have formed an influence on
my destiny. Only many years later, after an intensive reading of the Bible during
which I made the faith of my grandparents and parents my own faith, did I begin
to understand the deep significance of these words. In the 1980s they led me to
Jerusalem, where I studied Hebrew Bible at the Hebrew University. Years later,
when I was suggested a selection of topics for a Master’s thesis by my supervisor
Professor Devorah Diamant at Haifa University, my unhesitating choice was “The
Apostrophe to Zion” from 11QPsa. My interest in the city of Jerusalem was not
diminished at the end of the Master’s thesis and developed into the topic of the
doctoral dissertation which forms the basis of this monograph.
The making of a book is never an individual effort and I am very conscious of
the many people who played a part in its production. I would like to thank my
dissertation supervisor, Professor Devorah Dimant, without whom the disserta-
tion of which this book is a revised version would never have come into being. I
would also like to thank Irma and Mike Zaslansky whose kindness and eoncour-
agement to me during the years I studied at Haifa University, I will never forget.
I thank Professors George Brooke and Tsiporah Talshir for reading the thesis and
offering valuable positive criticism. My grateful thanks to Professor Brooke, who
encouraged me to consider publishing and posed many stimulating questions
and suggestions with a view to that end.
I also thank the editorial staff of De Gruyter for reading and accepting the
manuscript for publication and their production staff for valuable advice. I thank
the staff of Tantur Institute for their gracious hospitality during a two-month stay
viii � Foreword
in Jerusalem and the library staff of Murdoch University, Perth, Australia for the
use of their library facilities.
This book is also very much a family affair. I thank my family for their en-
couragement and the occasional gentle push. In particular, I would like to thank
my nephew, David Staer for his patience and skill in solving many computing
problems and for formatting the work according to the DeGruyter template. I
thank my sister, Gloria de Garis and my niece, Michelle Atkinson-de Garis for
their work in proofreading and improving the English of this book. I thank my
beloved parents to whose memory this book is dedicated, for instilling in me from
early childhood a respect for the people of Israel and a love for their Holy Scrip-
tures. In all this, I acknowledge and thank my God and my Saviour, Jesus Christ,
for unfailing mercy and grace in bringing this book to completion.
Contents
1 The topos of the future Jerusalem in Second Temple literature � 1
1.1 Introduction � 1
1.2 Overview of the topos of the future Jerusalem in Second Temple
Literature � 1
1.3 Survey of comparative studies on the topos of the future
Jerusalem � 3
1.4 Second Temple Songs addressed to Jerusalem � 9
1.5 Selection of the three compositions � 10
1.5.1 The Apostrophe to Zion � 10
1.5.2 Tobit 13:9-18 � 11
1.5.3 1 Baruch 4:30-5:9 � 11
1.6 Generic confusion in the songs addressed to Jerusalem � 11
1.6.1 The Apostrophe to Zion � 12
1.6.2 Tobit 13 � 12
1.6.3 1 Baruch 4:5–5:9 � 13
1.7 Title of the study: songs of Zion or songs of Jerusalem? � 15
1.8 Objectives of this study � 18
2 Methodological considerations � 19
2.1 Introduction � 19
2.2 Poetic terminology � 19
2.3 Genre analysis � 20
2.4 Structural analysis � 22
2.5 Allusiveness � 23
2.5.1 The theory of intertextuality � 24
2.5.2 Complexity of the concept of allusiveness � 26
2.5.3 Identifying allusiveness � 28
2.5.4 Interpreting allusiveness � 29
2.5.5 Problem of textual fluidity and definition of the biblical text � 30
2.5.6 Hermeneutical traditions, transmitted alongside the
biblical text � 31
2.6 Definition of the terminology used in this study � 31
2.6.1 Biblical influences � 32
2.6.2 Model � 32
2.6.3 Implicit quotation � 33
2.6.4 Allusion � 33
2.6.5 Echo � 34
x � Contents
2.7 Procedure � 34
3 The Apostrophe to Zion � 36
3.1 Introduction and review of research � 36
3.1.1 Review of the research on the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (11Q5) � 37
Canonical status � 38
Liturgical function � 39
3.1.2 Review of research on the Ap Zion � 41
Structure � 41
Perception of Zion � 45
Date and provenance � 49
3.2 Text, translation and notes � 51
3.2.1 Text � 51
3.2.2 The Apostrophe to Zion 11QPsa arranged as an alphabetic
acrostic � 55
3.2.3 English translation � 56
3.2.4 Notes to the text � 58
3.3 Structure � 65
3.3.1 Alphabetic structure � 65
3.3.2 Tripartite structure � 69
Section 1 (lines 1–6) � 69
Section 2 (lines 6–11) � 70
Section 3 (lines 11–15) � 72
Summary � 74
3.3.3 Concentric structure � 74
ב-א
The frame of the song: segments A ( lines 1–2) // segment A1
ת-ר
(unit line 15) � 76
Outer circle: visionary description of the eschatological Zion
ח-ג ק-ע
segments B (units lines 2–6) // B1 (units
lines 11–14) � 76
Inner circle: the reward of Zion’s righteous children C (units כ-ט)
ס-מ
// C1 (units ) � 78
ל
The centre of the concentric structure: segment D unit � 80
Summary � 81
3.4 Scriptural influences � 82
3.4.1 Models � 82
Model of the Isaiah Zion songs � 82
Model of psalmody � 84
3.4.2 Thematic echoes � 87
Remembering Zion � 87
