Seasonality in Primates: Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-Human Primates

600 Pages·2005·6.34 MB·English

by  Diane K. Brockman, Carel P. van Schaik

Seasonality in Primates
Studies of Living and Extinct Human
and Non-Human Primates
EDITED BY
DIANE K. BROCKMAN
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
CAREL P. VAN SCHAIK
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
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Contents
List of contributors page ix
Preface xiii
Part I Introduction 1
1 Seasonality in primate ecology, reproduction, and life history:
an overview
CAREL P. VAN SCHAIK & DIANE K. BROCKMAN 3
Part II Seasonal habitats 21
2 Tropical climates and phenology: a primate perspective
CAREL P. VAN SCHAIK & KRIST INA R. PFANNES 23
Part III Seasonality and behavioral ecology 55
3 The influence of seasonality on primate diet and ranging
CLAIRE A. HEMINGWAY & NORA BYNUM 57
4 Seasonality in predation risk: varying activity periods in
lemurs and other primates 105
MICHELE A. RASMUSSEN
5 Physiological adaptations to seasonality in nocturnal primates
JUTTA SCHMID & PETER M. KAPPELER 129
6 Seasonality and long-term change in a savanna environment
SUSAN C. ALBERTS , JUL IE A . HOLLISTER-SMITH,
RAPHAEL S . MUTUTUA, SERAH N. SAYIALEL ,
PHIL IP M. MURUTHI , J . K INYUA WARUTERE &
JEANNE ALTMANN 157
7 Day length seasonality and the thermal environment
RUSSELL HILL 197
8 Seasonality in hunting by non-human primates
JOHN C. MITANI & DAVID P . WATTS 215
9 Human hunting seasonality
REBECCA BLIEGE B IRD & DOUGLAS W. B IRD 243
vii
viii Contents
Part IV Seasonality, reproduction, and social organization 267
10 Seasonality and reproductive function
DIANE K. BROCKMAN & CAREL P. VAN SCHAIK 269
11 Seasonality of primate births in relation to climate
CHARLES JANSON & JENNIFER VERDOLIN 307
12 Energetic responses to food availability in the
great apes: implications for hominin evolution
CHERYL D. KNOTT 351
13 Human birth seasonality
PETER T. ELL ISON, CLAUDIA R. VALEGGIA &
DIANA S . SHERRY 379
14 Seasonality, social organization, and sexual dimorphism in
primates
J . MICHAEL PLAVCAN, CAREL P . VAN SCHAIK &
W. SCOTT MCGRAW 401
Part V Seasonality and community ecology 443
15 Seasonality and primate communities
CAREL P . VAN SCHAIK, RICHARD MADDEN &
JO¨ RG U. GANZHORN 445
16 Primate diversity and environmental seasonality
in historical perspective
NINA G. JABLONSKI 465
Part VI Seasonality and human evolution 487
17 Tropical and temperate seasonal influences on
human evolution
KAYE E . REED & JENNIFER L. F I SH 489
18 Orbital controls on seasonality
JOHN D. KINGSTON 519
19 What do studies of seasonality in primates tell us
about human evolution?
DIANE K. BROCKMAN 543
Index 571
Contributors
Susan C. Alberts
Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham NC 27708, USA;
and Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Jeanne Altmann
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University,
Princeton NJ 08544, USA; and Department of Conservation Biology, Brookfield
Zoo, Brookfield, IL, USA; and Institute for Primate Research, National Museums
of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Douglas W. Bird
Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford
CA 94305–2117, USA
Rebecca Bliege Bird
Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford
CA 94305–2117, USA
Diane K. Brockman
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of North Carolina at
Charlotte, Charlotte NC 28223, USA
Nora Bynum
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History,
Central Park West at 79th Street, New York NY 10024, USA
Peter T. Ellison
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
Jennifer L. Fish
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse
108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Jo¨ rg U. Ganzhorn
Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Hamburg University,
Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Claire A. Hemingway
Botanical Society of America, PO Box 299, St Louis MO 63166–0299, USA
ix
x Contributors
Russell Hill
Evolutionary Anthropology Research Group, Department of Anthropology,
University of Durham, 43 Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HN, UK
Julie A. Hollister-Smith
Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham NC 27708, USA
Nina G. Jablonski
Department of Anthropology, California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard
Street, San Francisco CA 94103–3009, USA
Charles Janson
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York,
Stony Brook NY 11794–5245, USA
Peter M. Kappeler
Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Go¨ ttingen, Germany
John D. Kingston
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
Cheryl D. Knott
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
Richard Madden
Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University,
Box 90383, Durham NC 27708, USA
W. Scott McGraw
Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
John C. Mitani
Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
MI 48109–1092, USA
Philip M. Muruthi
African Wildlife Foundation, Box 48177, Nairobi, Kenya
Raphael S. Mututua
Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kenya; and
Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Kristina R. Pfannes
Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham
NC 27708–0381, USA
J. Michael Plavcan
Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701,
USA
Contributors xi
Michele A. Rasmussen
Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University, Durham
NC 27708, USA
Kaye E. Reed
Department of Anthropology/Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State
University, Tempe AZ 85287, USA
Serah N. Sayialel
Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kenya; and
Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Jutta Schmid
Department of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 11,
D-89069 Ulm, Germany
Diana S. Sherry
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
Claudia R. Valeggia
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA;
and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ ficas y Tecnolo´ gicas (CONICET),
Argentina
Carel P. van Schaik
Anthropologisches Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190,
CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
Jennifer Verdolin
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony
Brook NY 11794–5245, USA
J. Kinyua Warutere
Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kenya; and
Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
David P. Watts
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06520–8277, USA
Preface
Animals everywhere have to cope with the changing seasons. Even those
living in the tropics face serious fluctuations in the abundance of their
favorite foods. In this book we examine how seasonal variation in food
supply affects what primates eat, where they search for it, how active they
are, and when during the day they are active, as well as how these responses
affect their body sizes, their social lives, the timing of their reproduction,
and the composition of their ecological communities. For the first time, we
distinguish several general patterns about these seasonal responses. These
generalizations are subsequently applied to see whether major transitions
during hominin evolution can be ascribed to dramatic changes in
seasonality.
The contributors to this book were selected from among internationally
recognized primate field biologists and behavioral ecologists who
presented synthetic review papers on how seasonality influences intra-
specific variation in primate behavior and socioecology at the Primate
Seasonality Symposium during the XVIII Congress of the International
Primatological Society in Adelaide, Australia. We subsequently added
various authors with special expertise so as to broaden our coverage of
seasonality in both humans and non-human primates. This book is timely
and important because it is unique to the anthropological literature and it
presents new ideas about interactions between seasonality and the adap-
tive responses of living and extinct primate populations to resource
variability.
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