Seapower states : maritime culture, continental empires and the conflict that made the modern world

427 Pages·2018·7.919 MB·English

by  Andrew D. Lambert

‘The outstanding British naval historian of his generation.’

David Cannadine
M a r i t i m e C u lt u r e ,
C on t i n e n ta l E m p i r e s

C on f l ic t Th at
a nd t he

M a de t he Mode r n Wor l d
SEAPOWER STATES
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SEAPOWER
STATES
M C ,
ARITIME ULTURE
C E
ONTINENTAL MPIRES
C
AND THE ONFLICT THAT
M M W
ADE THE ODERN ORLD
ANDREW LAMBERT
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON
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Copyright © 2018 Andrew Lambert
All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form
(beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and
except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers.
For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact:
U.S. Office: [email protected] yalebooks.com
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Set in Minion Pro by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd
Printed in Great Britain by Gomer Press Ltd, Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018953243
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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The State is a work of Art.
Jakob Burckhardt
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For my Mother
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CONTENTS
List of Illustrations and Maps viii
Acknowledgements xi
Preface xiv
Introduction: Seapower as Culture 1
1 Creating Seapower Identity 17
2 Constructing a Seapower: Athens, Democracy and Empire 45
3 Burning the Carthaginian Fleet 80
4 Trade, War and Ceremony: The Venetian Seapower State 110
5 ‘To What Great Profit Are We Opening the Sea’: The Dutch
Seapower State 157
6 Sea States and Overseas Empires: A Problem of Perspective 204
7 The Limits of Continental Naval Power: Absolutism,
Command Economies and One- Party States 227
8 England: The Last Seapower 266
9 Seapower Today 311
Conclusion 323
Appendix: Cultural Seapowers: A Conceptual Aide- Mémoire 330
Glossary 332
Notes 334
Bibliography 362
Index 373
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ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
Plates
1 Late Minoan wall painting depicting a fleet coming into harbour,
Santorini, 1550. akg-images / jh-Lightbox_Ltd. / John Hios.
2 Marble bust of Pericles bearing the inscription ‘Pericles, son of
Xanthippus, Athenian’, Roman copy after a Greek original, c. 430 bc.
3 The replica trireme Olympias under sail, Poros, August 1988. Photo-
graph by Paul Lipke. Courtesy of the Trireme Trust Archive at
Wolfson College, Cambridge.
4 Reconstruction drawing of Carthage, Carthage National Museum.
Damian Entwistle.
5 The Battle of Lepanto, 7 October 1571. National Maritime Museum,
Greenwich, London. Caird Fund.
6 Andrea Doria by William Henry Furse, 1466–1560. National Maritime
Museum, Greenwich, London, Greenwich Hospital Collection.
7 Amsterdam, Dam Square with the Town Hall and the Nieuwe Kerk by
Jan van der Heyden, 1667.
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ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
8 Cornelis de Tromp’s Former Flagship the ‘Gouden Leeuw’ on the IJ in
front of Amsterdam by Willem van de Velde the Younger, 1686.
9 An English Frigate in Choppy Waters in the Tagus passing the Belem
Tower by John Thomas Serres, c. early eighteenth century.
10 Panoramic View of Cronstadt and St. Petersburg, nineteenth century.
11 The Ninth Wave by Ivan Aivazovsky, 1850.
12 King William III, c. 1695. © National Portrait Gallery, London.
13 Dover by Richard Wilson, 1747. Yale Center for British Art, Paul
Mellon Collection.
14 Geometrical Plan of his Majesty’s Dockyard by Pierre Charles Canot,
1753. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.
15 The Victory Returning from Trafalgar, in Three Positions by J. M. W.
Turner, c. 1806. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.
16 HMS Queen Elizabeth in Gibraltar, 2018. Dave Jenkins.
17 An F-35 Lightning II completes a flyover of the USS Zumwalt, 2016.
Official U.S. Navy Page from United States of America PO2 George
Bell / U.S. Navy.
18 US and Chinese Navy ships operate together, 2013. Official U.S. Navy
Page from United States of America 130909-N-ZZ999-001/ U.S. Navy.
Pictures in the text
xiv HMS Hood. Photographer: Allan C. Green 1878–1954, Restoration:
Adam Cuerden.
1 Marble bust of Hannibal. © 1932 by Phaidon Verlag (Wien- Leipzig).
17 Phoenician war galley, 700–692 bc, fragment of a stone panel from
the South- West Palace of Sennacherib. © The Trustees of the British
Museum.
45 The Battle of Salamis by Wilhelm von Kaulbach, 1862. Bayerischer
Landtag.
80 Dido Building Carthage by Edward Goodall, engraving after J. M. W.
Turner, 1859–60. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.
110 The Arsenale, Venice. Photograph by Carlo Nayer.
130 Jacopo de’ Barbari, View of Venice, 1500. The John R. Van Derlip
Fund, Minneapolis Institute of Art.
157 Amsterdam naval magazine and headquarters. Rijksdienst voor het
Cultureel Erfgoed.
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