Table Of ContentScriptural Allusions and Exegesis in the Hodayot
Studies on the Texts
of the Desert of Judah
Editor
Florentino García Martínez
QumranInstitute,UniversityofGroningen
AssociateEditors
Peter W. Flint – Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar
VOLUMELIX
Scriptural Allusions and
Exegesis in the Hodayot
By
Julie A. Hughes
BRILL
LEIDEN·BOSTON
2006
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Hughes,Julie,1950–
ScripturalallusionsandexegesisintheHodayot/byJulieHughes.
p.cm.—(StudiesonthetextsofthedesertofJudah,ISSN0169-9962;v.59)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
ISBN90-04-14739-X(alk.paper)
1.ThanksgivingPsalms.2.BibleO.T.-Criticism,interpretation,etc.,Jewish.
3.Allusionsinliterature.I.ThanksgivingPsalms.English&Hebrew.Selections.II.Title.
III.Series.
BM488.T5H842006
296.1’55–dc22
2005058217
ISSN 0169-9962
ISBN 900414739X
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments .................................................... xi
Abbreviations ......................................................... xiii
I.TheHodayot:ABriefOverviewofStudiestoDate.............. 1
1. Introduction........................................................ 1
2. 1QHaandEarlyHodayotScholarship............................ 2
3. TheReconstructionandRe-Ordering of1QHa.................. 5
3.1.ExcursusonNumberingSystems ............................ 7
4. TheOtherHodayotManuscripts................................. 9
5. ASurveyofSignificant Studies ................................... 12
5.1.TextualStudies................................................ 12
5.2.EarlyViewsonGenreandSitzimLeben...................... 12
5.3.Author......................................................... 14
5.4.Prosody........................................................ 17
5.5.GenreandSitzimLebenRevisited ............................ 21
5.6.ANewandDistinctiveApproachbyCarolNewsom ....... 24
5.6.1.CommunityHymns.................................... 27
5.6.2.HodayotoftheLeader................................. 30
5.6.3.DifferencesandAreas ofCommonInterest .......... 33
6. ObjectivesofThisStudy .......................................... 34
II.Methodology ...................................................... 35
1. Introduction........................................................ 35
2. SelectionofPassages............................................... 35
3. HowDoesOneStudyPoetry? .................................... 36
3.1.Terminology................................................... 38
3.2.Metre,ParallelismandStructuralIndicators................ 39
4. HowDoesOneStudyAllusions? ................................. 41
4.1.DefinitionofanAllusion ..................................... 42
4.1.1.Quotation............................................... 42
4.1.2.Allusion................................................. 44
4.1.3.Idiom ................................................... 46
4.1.4.FromAuthortoReader................................ 48
viii contents
4.2.IdentificationofAllusions..................................... 50
4.2.1.ProposedCriteria ...................................... 52
4.3.TheFunctionofAllusions.................................... 54
5. HowDoesOneReadTexts?...................................... 55
5.1.Intertextuality ................................................. 56
5.2.Reader-Orientated Approaches.............................. 57
6. OutlineofMethod................................................. 58
6.1.DelimitationandText ........................................ 59
6.2.Translation .................................................... 59
6.3.AnalysisofStructure.......................................... 60
6.4.CloseReading................................................. 61
6.5.Allusions....................................................... 61
6.6.Intertexts ...................................................... 62
6.7.ObservationsandComments ................................ 62
III.TwoDualisticPoems............................................. 63
1. Introduction........................................................ 63
2. TwoWays: 1QHaVII21–VIII?................................... 63
2.1.DelimitationandText ........................................ 64
2.2.Translation .................................................... 66
2.3.AnalysisofStructure.......................................... 68
2.4.CloseReading................................................. 71
2.5.Allusions....................................................... 78
2.5.1.AMeditationonJeremiah............................. 81
2.6.Intertexts ...................................................... 82
2.6.1.CreationandDestiny .................................. 82
2.6.2.Jer10:23................................................. 87
2.6.3.TwoWays............................................... 89
2.6.4.IsThereanUnderlyingExegesis?..................... 91
2.7.ObservationsandComments ................................ 93
3. “I”and“They”:1QHaXII6–XIII6............................. 95
3.1.DelimitationandText ........................................ 96
3.2.Translation .................................................... 98
3.3.AnalysisofStructure.......................................... 102
3.4.Closereading.................................................. 105
3.4.1.TheSpeakerandhisEnemies......................... 105
3.4.2.TheSpeakerandhisGod ............................. 116
3.5.Allusions....................................................... 118
3.5.1.CorrectandIncorrectInterpretationofTorah....... 119
3.5.2.APrayerofConfessionandCommitment............ 124
contents ix
3.6.Intertexts ...................................................... 125
3.6.1.SpokesmenofErrorandPlotsofBelial............... 126
3.6.2.What isFlesh?.......................................... 129
3.7.ObservationsandComments ................................ 132
IV.APoeminThreeMovements.................................... 135
1. Introduction........................................................ 135
2. SustainedArtistry:1QHaXVI5–XVII36........................ 135
2.1.DelimitationandText ........................................ 136
2.2.Translation .................................................... 140
2.3.AnalysisofStructure.......................................... 147
2.4.CloseReading................................................. 150
2.4.1.TheSecretGardenTendedbytheSpeaker .......... 150
2.4.2.TheAfflictedTeacher.................................. 159
2.4.3.GodtheCompassionateJudge andParent ........... 163
2.5.Allusions....................................................... 167
2.5.1.Preparation............................................. 168
2.5.2.Testing.................................................. 171
2.5.3.Vindication............................................. 172
2.6.Intertexts ...................................................... 174
2.6.1.AnotherLongHodayahanditsSequel............... 174
2.6.2.GardenImagery........................................ 178
2.6.3.SufferingandVindication ............................. 181
2.7.ObservationsandComments ................................ 182
V.TwoEschatologicalPoems ........................................ 185
1. Introduction........................................................ 185
2. ThreeImagesofDistress:1QHaXI6–19......................... 185
2.1.DelimitationandText ........................................ 186
2.2.Translation .................................................... 187
2.3.Analysisofstructure .......................................... 189
2.3.1.RepetitionsandWordplays ............................ 192
2.4.CloseReading................................................. 194
2.5.Allusions....................................................... 200
2.6.Intertexts ...................................................... 205
2.7.ObservationsandComments ................................ 206
3. FromtheDepthstotheHeights:1QHaXI20–37: ............... 207
3.1.DelimitationandText ........................................ 208
3.2.Translation .................................................... 209
3.3.AnalysisofStructure.......................................... 211
Description:It has long been noted that the Thanksgiving Hymns (Hodayot) from Qumran make extensive use of biblical language. A premise of this study of their use of scripture is that these compositions can best be understood by reading them as poetry. Using insights from the fields of comparative literature an
