(Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Amazonian Peru

42 Pages·2015·10.67 MB·English

Four New Scorpion Species (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
from Amazonian Peru

František Kovařík, Rolando Teruel, Graeme Lowe
& Stefan Friedrich

October 2015 — No. 210
Euscorpius
Occasional Publications in Scorpiology

EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’

Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida:
Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online
publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of
scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication
of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology,
biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic
surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome.

Derivatio Nominis
The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the
Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae).

Euscorpius is located at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius
(Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA)

ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS:

Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature)
(i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All
Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives:
 Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled)
 Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius
issues previously published on CD-ROMs.)

Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as "published work" (Article 9.8). At this time,
Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293)
(laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as
identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012
represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural
acts.

In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic
publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM
production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN
amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/.

Publication date: 15 October 2015
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F0123FE1-7FDD-4DB5-BD59-B19EC9856B22
Euscorpius — Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2015, No. 210
Four new scorpion species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from
Amazonian Peru

František Kovařík 1, Rolando Teruel 2, Graeme Lowe 3& Stefan Friedrich 4

1 P.O. Box 27, CZ - 145 01 Praha 45, Czech Republic.www.scorpio.cz
2 Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, Museo de Historia Natural "Tomás Romay",
José A. Saco # 601, esquina a Barnada, Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba. [email protected]
3 Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA
4 Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr.21, 81247 München,
Germany, [email protected]

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F0123FE1-7FDD-4DB5-BD59-B19EC9856B22

Summary

We describe four new species of buthid scorpions from a single Amazonian locality in Peru, situated at the pre-
Andean piedmont: Ananteris ashaninka sp. n., Tityus dillerorum sp. n. (a member of the “melanostictus” species-
group), Tityus panguana sp. n. (a member of the “bolivianus” species-group), and Tityus wachteli sp. n. (a member
of the “clathratus” species-group). Additional information is given on their taxonomy, distribution, ecology, and
reproductive biology, fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as their
habitat.

Introduction Diller, together with her husband Erich Diller, and the
size of the area has been increased through land
The Panguana Biological Field Station and Private purchase. In 2011, Panguana was granted the status of a
Protected Area (hereafter ACP Panguana, after the private protected area by the Peruvian government, and
Spanish abbreviation of Área de Conservación Privada) in 2014 the station was turned into an incorporated
is located in the pre-Andean primary lowland rainforest foundation. The leader of Panguana, Dr. Juliane Diller,
of the Amazonian Peru, about 140 km from the eastern holds a full-time job as the head of the library and as
slopes of the Andes (09°37'S 74°56'W). It is situated at deputy director of the Bavarian State Collection of Zoo-
an altitude of 230–260 m at the Río Yuyapichis (a trib- logy in Munich, Germany. Nevertheless, Dr. Diller
utary of the Río Pachitea, which leads into the Río spends several weeks at Panguana during at least two
Ucayali, a headwater stream of the Amazon) and can be stays there every year. Her husband, Erich Diller, a
reached by boat or on foot only. It is a hilly area of 940 former curator of Insecta Hymenoptera at the ZSMC,
hectares, interspersed with various kinds of water accompanies and supports her in all matters. Permanent
bodies. Vegetation types include primary high forest that caretakers at Panguana are Carlos Vásquez, called
is never flooded, bog, alluvial and secondary forests, as “Moro”, his wife Nery, and his son Hibraín. They
well as some plantations and meadows on the western operate a little farm in the direct neighborhood of the
fringe. Eastwards the station borders on the territory of station.
the Asháninka indigenous people whose primary rain The Panguana project provides facilities for taxono-
forest lands extend for 50 km through the Sira mountain mic and ecological field research intended to contribute
range (elevations up to 2,500 m). The annual average to the understanding of primary rain forests in general,
temperature is 25°C. Precipitation ranges between 2,000 and to the protection and preservation of the unique local
and 3,000 mm, accumulating mostly during a 180-day ecosystem, which is still threatened by slash-and-burn
period from October to April. In the forest, air humidity agriculture and gold panning. Studies at Panguana ben-
is around 90% throughout the year. efit from a long-standing cooperation with the Museo de
ACP Panguana—named after a local panguana bird, Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de
Crypturellus undulatus (fam. Tinamidae)—was founded San Marcos in Lima, especially Prof. Dr. Gerardo Lamas
in 1968 by the German biologists Dr. Maria Koepcke Müller and Dr. Diana Silva Dávila. Since the 1980's,
and Prof. Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke. Since 2000, the researchers from ZSMC and many other scientific
station is directed by the founders' daughter, Dr. Juliane institutes and countries have used the Panguana facil-
2 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 210

Year Collecting permit number Export permit number Issued by (authority)
2004 063-2004-INRENA-IFFS-DCB 004329-AG-INRENA INRENA (Instituto Nacional de
Recursos Naturales)
2007 097-2007-INRENA-IFFS-DCB 010670-AG-INRENA INRENA
2008 124-2008-INRENA-IFFS-DCB 011855-AG-INRENA INRENA
2010 0427-2010-AG-DGFFS- 003889-AG-DGFFS DGFFS (Dirección General
DGEFFS Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre)
2011 0462-2011-AG-DGFFS- 006672-AG-DGFFS DGFFS
DGEFFS
2012 0318-2012-AG-DGFFS- 009708-AG-DGFFS DGFFS
DGEFFS
2013 0276-2013-AG-DGFFS- 000521-MINAGRI- DGFFS
DGEFFS DGFFS
2015 007-2014-SERFOR- 0001757-SERFOR SERFOR (Servicio Nacional
DGGSPFFS Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre)

Table 1: Collection permit information.
Kovařík et al.: Four New Scorpions From Amazonian Peru 3

Figures 1–5: Figure 1. Panguana field station. Figure 2. Dr. Juliane and Erich Diller at Rio Yuyapichis. Figure 3. Nery and
“Moro” Vásquez. Figure 4. Erich Diller with Malaise trap. Figure 5. Franz Wachtel in Panguana.
4 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 210

Figure 6: Children at school in Pampas Verde, the Asháninka village close to Panguana.

ities. An example of the many recent projects is called Label data are transcribed literally here, but further
“Soil arthropods in Panguana (Peru) - Species inventory information about localities (e.g., political-adminis-
of primary rain forest using DNA-barcoding and tra- trative divisions such as regions, provinces and districts)
ditional taxonomy (PANGArth)”. This project is carried is added between brackets. Specimens studied herein are
out by the ZSMC Arthropoda section. A list of publi- preserved in ethanol 80% ethanol and deposited in the
cations since 2001 can be found at: http://www.zsm. following collections: FKCP (František Kovařík, private
mwn.de/panguana/publications.htm. collection, Prague, Czech Republic), FWCG (Franz
Wachtel, private collection, Grünwald, Germany),
MUSM (Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad
Methods & Material
Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru), RTOC

(Rolando Teruel, private collection, Santiago, Cuba),
Nomenclature and measurements follow Stahnke ZMUH (Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Mus-
(1971), Kovařík (2009), and Kovařík & Ojanguren eum, Universität Hamburg, Germany), ZSMC (Bavar-
Affilastro (2013), except for trichobothriotaxy (Vachon, ian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany).
1974), metasomal carinae (Francke, 1977), pedipalp All specimens studied herein were collected and
chela carinae (Acosta et al., 2008, as interpreted by exported legally, see Table 1 for the appropriate permits.
Armas et al., 2011), hemispermatophore (Stockwell,
1989), and sternum (Soleglad & Fet, 2003). Unless Systematics
otherwise noted, all morphologically diagnostic char-
Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837
acters mentioned in the text refer to adults of both sexes.

For the genus Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836, there is deep Ananteris ashaninka Kovařík, Teruel, Lowe et
divergence amongst authors about its internal division, Friedrich, sp. n.
e.g., subgenera vs. species-groups; we continue to follow (Figures 7–34; Table 3)
here the traditional species-groups as cataloged by Fet & http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4565FD
Lowe (2000). 2E-FF52-4654-805F-9C7D469ACED2
Kovařík et al.: Four New Scorpions From Amazonian Peru 5

Figures 7–11: Ananteris ashaninka sp. n., holotype female, dorsal (7), ventral (8) views, and metasoma and telson, lateral (9),
ventral (10), and dorsal (11) views. 1-cm scale bar for Figures 7 and 8.
6 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 210

Figures 12–19: Ananteris ashaninka sp. n. Figures 12, 14, 16–19: holotype female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (12),
sternopectinal region and sternites III–V (14), distal segments of legs I–IV (16–19), retroventral view. Figures 13, 15: paratype
juvenile female, FKCP, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (13), sternopectinal region and sternites III–V (15).
Kovařík et al.: Four New Scorpions From Amazonian Peru 7
TYPE LOCALITY AND HOLOTYPE DEPOSITORY. Peru, ipalp femur predominantly dark, very densely spotted
[Huánuco Region], Huánuco Department, [Puerto Inca with blackish along all carinae, almost interconnected
Province, Yuyapichis District], ACP Panguana, Río medially; patella predominantly dark, even more densely
Yuyapichis, 09°37'S 74°56'W, 230-260 m a. s. l. (Fig. spotted with blackish brown, with the irregular, oval-
132), MUSM. elongate paler areas concentrated on basal half; chela
strikingly bicolor, with manus immaculate pale yellow
TYPE MATERIAL. Peru, [Huánuco Region], Huánuco and fingers blackish with yellowish tips. Carapace pre-
Department, [Puerto Inca Province, Yuyapichis District], dominantly dark, symmetrically and densely spotted
ACP Panguana, Río Yuyapichis, 09°37'S 74°56'W, 230- with blackish brown, irregularly arranged into three
260 m a. s. l., 1.V.-21.V.2015, leg. S. Friedrich, F. parallel, wide and discontinuous oblique stripes; eyes
Wachtel & M. Steinherr, 1 ♀ (holotype, MUSM, Figures and ocular tubercles black. Tergites predominantly dark,
7–12, 14, 16–30), 2 juvenile ♀ (paratypes, ZSMC No. symmetrically and densely reticulated and spotted with
ZSMA20157512 and FKCP, Figs. 13, 15, 31–34). blackish brown, not arranged into longitudinal stripes
and with the pale, chevron-shaped lateral areas typical of
ETYMOLOGY. The selected epithet is an indeclinable most species of the genus well evident. Pectines im-
noun in apposition, taken from the name of the in- maculate yellowish brown, with basal portion and basal
digenous people who have been inhabiting the area even plate slightly darker due to heavier sclerotization.
before the rise of the Inca Empire. Self-named "Ashán- Sternites predominantly pale, only with lateral areas
inka" or "Asháninca", it belongs to the Arawak linguistic irregularly infuscate as a pair of dark longitudinal stripes
family, being the most important native people of that become darker, better defined and more compact
Amazonian Peru. They are also acknowledged by their distally towards sternite VII; V with the smooth patch
strong will for freedom and their repeated struggles indistinct. Legs densely spotted with blackish brown on
against their oppression and the plundering of their all surfaces but apically paler, with essentially all
natural resources. segments irregularly to faintly annulated. Metasoma
with base color progressively darker distally, with seg-
DIAGNOSIS (female only, male unknown). Adult ments IV–V dark reddish; all surfaces very densely
size medium (26 mm) for the genus. Coloration pre- spotted with blackish brown, with pattern becoming
dominantly dark: base yellowish brown, very densely denser and darker on distal half of every segment, but
spotted with blackish brown all over, but not clearly conspicuously discontinuous ventrally on I–III. Telson
arranged into stripes on tergites; chelicerae densely vesicle dark reddish, with blackish infuscation arranged
reticulate with blackish brown, pedipalp chelae with into four parallel, longitudinal dark stripes, subaculear
manus immaculate pale and fingers blackish, metasomal tubercle yellowish but infuscate basally; aculeus with
segments IV–V and telson reddish brown. Pedipalp basal third yellowish brown and distal two-thirds dark
chelae with manus very small, completely acarinate and reddish-brown.
without internal denticles; fixed and movable fingers Chelicerae (Fig. 12). With dentition typical for the
both with six principal rows of denticles, basal lobe/ genus; teeth relatively large and sharp. Tegument
notch combination absent. Pectines with 16–18 teeth smooth and glossy, dorsodistal portion of manus with
(mode 17); fulcra absent; basal middle lamella greatly coarse, glossy granules irregularly arranged trans-
enlarged, angulose. Sternite V with the smooth patch versally, defining a depressed area. Setation very dense
indistinct; spiracles short, slit-like. Metasoma short and ventrally, but essentially lacking dorsally, except for five
robust, with 10/10/8/8/5 complete to essentially rigid, whitish macrosetae around depressed area of
complete, finely serrate to serratocrenulate carinae; manus.
dorsal lateral carinae on segments III–IV with terminal Pedipalps (Figs. 20–27, 29–30). Size and shape
denticles greatly enlarged; all intercarinal spaces dense- standard for the genus, almost glabrous. Ortho-
ly, roughly granulose. Telson vesicle elongate oval, bothriotaxic A-β; manus Eb essentially above Eb , Est
2 3
smooth and glossy, with subaculear tubercle large and slightly basal to Esb; fixed finger with all trichobothria
spiniform. displaced to distal half, eb displaced to subdorsal
position, est and et situated between db and dt, with all
DESCRIPTION (adult female holotype). Coloration four trichobothria essentially equidistant (as in most
(Figs. 7–8) base light yellowish brown, very densely species of the genus). Femur slender, almost straight and
reticulated and spotted with blackish brown all over the essentially bare; all carinae moderate and irregularly
body and appendages except on the ventral region, granulose; intercarinal tegument coriaceous, with small
which is spotted only on coxapophyses I and lateral part granules irregularly scattered mostly around tricho-
of sternites. Chelicerae light yellowish brown; manus bothria; internal (i) trichobothria not surrounding any
densely reticulated with blackish brown, sparser basally specially developed denticle or spur. Patella very slen-
and at fixed finger base; fingers deeply infuscate. Ped- der, straight, essentially bare, and round in cross-section;
8 Euscorpius — 2015, No. 210
Figures 20–30: Ananteris ashaninka sp. n., holotype female. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (20), external (21), and ventral (22) views.
Pedipalp patella, dorsal (23), external (24), and ventral (25) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (26) and dorsal (27)
views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 20a–24a and 26a–27a. Pedipalp movable (29) and fixed (30)
finger.Telson (28).