Sclerochronological δ18O and δ13C patterns in shells of the aquatic gastropod Radix sp. as a new ...

147 Pages·2013·3.65 MB·English

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Sclerochronological δ O and δ C patterns in shells of the aquatic
gastropod Radix sp. as a new climatic and hydrologic archive for
the Tibetan Plateau in sub-seasonal resolution

Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor der Naturwissenschaften
"doctor rerum naturalium"
(Dr. rer. nat.)
am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin

in Form einer kumulativen Arbeit

vorgelegt von

Linda Taft

Berlin, 2013
Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Frank Riedel
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Steffen Mischke

Tag der Disputation: 12. November 2013

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Founded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Priority Program 1372 "Tibetan Plateau (TiP):
Formation-Climate-Ecosystems"

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Eidesstattliche Erklärung

Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorgelegte Arbeit selbständig und ohne fremde Hilfe verfasst und
andere als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel nicht benutzt habe. Die Beiträge der Co-Autoren der
wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen sind in Kapitel 1.6 dargelegt. Ich erkläre, dass ich die Arbeit
erstmalig und nur am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin eingereicht
habe und keinen entsprechenden Doktorgrad besitze. Der Inhalt der dem Verfahren zugrunde
liegenden Promotionsordnung ist mir bekannt.

Linda Taft Berlin, 25.07.2013

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Acknowledgements
This dissertation would not have been possible without the support and help of numerous people
to whom I would like to express my gratitude.
First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Frank Riedel (FU Berlin) for his constant
encouragement and support over the years. I greatly benefited from the inspiring discussions as
well as from his constructive criticism, his broad knowledge, his encouragement, his beliefs and
his great ideas! I also wish to thank Dr. Uwe Wiechert (FU Berlin) for critical discussions and Prof.
Dr. Pavel Tarasov (FU Berlin) for constructive suggestions and motivation. Special thanks go to
Prof. Dr. Steffen Mischke (FU Berlin and University of Potsdam) for his constructive reviews and
his encouragement. It is always a pleasure to work with you! Furthermore, I am grateful to the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding my PhD position as part of the Priority
Program 1372 "Tibetan Plateau (TiP): Formation-Climate-Ecosystems"
Many thanks go to Parm von Oheimb, Thomas Wilke (both University of Gießen), Guoliang Lei
(Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China) and Hucai Zhang (Yunnan Normal University, Kunming,
China) for a great field trip across the Tibetan Plateau in 2009.
For support in preparation and analytical work I would like to express my gratitude to Maike Glos,
Franziska Slotta and Matthias Friebel (all FU Berlin). Furthermore I would like to thank Jan Evers
(FU Berlin) for creating some figures for the manuscripts.
I thank Christian Leipe for always listening to my major and minor problems, the great time,
atmosphere and countless cups of tea in our office. It is a pleasure to share an office room with
you! I will thank my friends and colleagues from the Department of Palaeontology (FU Berlin) for
all that support and perfect distraction during our lunch-breaks and Wednesday coffee-meetings.
Finally and most important, I would like to thank with all my heart my family! Stephan, for your
great moral, and often professional, support, patience and love. Our daughter Lotte, who joined
us in the last year of my PhD time, for her smiles and childlike curiosity. You are the greatest
happiness for me!

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Table of contents
Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................vii
List of figures.....................................................................................................................................xi
List of abbreviations..........................................................................................................................xii
Abstract..............................................................................................................................................1
Kurzfassung........................................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Preface ...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2 O and C isotope compositions of aquatic gastropod shells as a palaeoclimate proxy ... 10
1.2.3 Biology and life cycle of the aquatic gastropod Radix ..................................................... 12
1.3 Aims and objectives of the thesis ........................................................................................... 12
1.4 Scientific approach and methods ........................................................................................... 13
1.4.1 Field work ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.4.2 Sclerochronology, shell structure and shell preparation ................................................ 14
1.4.3 18O and 13C analyses ........................................................................................................ 18
1.4.4 Reference standards and data correction ....................................................................... 19
1.5 Overview of the manuscripts ................................................................................................. 21
1.6 Contribution of the author and all co-authors to the individual manuscripts ....................... 22
1.6.1 Manuscript I (Chapter 2) ................................................................................................. 22
1.6.2 Manuscript II (Chapter 3) ................................................................................................ 22
1.6.3 Manuscript III (Chapter 4) ............................................................................................... 23
2. Sub-seasonal oxygen and carbon isotope variations in shells of modern Radix sp. (Gastropoda)
from the Tibetan Plateau: potential of a new archive for palaeoclimatic studies ...................... 24
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 25
2.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 25
2.1.3 Biology of the gastropod Radix ....................................................................................... 28
2.2 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................... 30
2.3 Results .................................................................................................................................... 34
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2.3.1 Water parameters ........................................................................................................... 34
2.3.2 δ18O and δ13C in Radix shells from Bangda Co and Kyaring Co ....................................... 34
2.3.3 Shells from Bangda Co ..................................................................................................... 37
2.3.4 Shells from Kyaring Co ..................................................................................................... 38
2.3.4.1. Sampling site A ............................................................................................................ 39
2.3.4.2. Sampling site B ............................................................................................................ 41
2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 43
2.4.1 Bangda Co (eastern Tibetan Plateau) .............................................................................. 43
2.4.2 Kyaring Co (central Tibetan Plateau) ............................................................................... 45
2.4.3 Comparison of Bangda Co and Kyaring Co ...................................................................... 48
2.5 Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 49
3. Oxygen and carbon isotope patterns archived in shells of the aquatic gastropod Radix:
Hydrologic and climatic signals across the Tibetan Plateau in sub-monthly resolution ............. 51
3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 52
3.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 52
3.1.2 δ18O and δ13C values in carbonate shells of aquatic gastropods .................................... 54
3.2 Regional setting ...................................................................................................................... 56
3.3 Ecological and biological traits of the gastropod Radix ......................................................... 61
3.4 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................... 62
3.4.1 Sampling .......................................................................................................................... 62
3.4.2 Isotopic analysis .............................................................................................................. 63
3.4.3 Meteorological data ........................................................................................................ 64
3.5.1 Water properties ............................................................................................................. 65
3.5.2 δ18O and δ13C patterns of Radix shells ............................................................................ 67
3.6 Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 85
4. Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios in Radix (Gastropoda) shells indicate changes of glacial
meltwater flux and temperature since 4200 cal yr BP at Lake Karakul, eastern Pamirs
(Tajikistan) ................................................................................................................................... 86
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 87
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4.3 Material and methods ............................................................................................................ 90
4.3.1 Shell sampling and preparation ....................................................................................... 90
4.3.2 Stable isotope analysis .................................................................................................... 91
4.4 Results .................................................................................................................................... 92
4.4.1 Mean δ18O and δ13C shell values ..................................................................................... 92
4.4.2 Sclerochronological δ18O and δ13C variations ................................................................. 94
4.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 96
4.5.1 Bulk isotope compositions of the Radix shells ................................................................ 96
4.5.2 Sclerochronological isotope patterns .............................................................................. 97
4.6 Summary and comparison with other records..................................................................... 103
4.7 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 106
5. Synthesis and outlook ............................................................................................................... 108
5.1 Do we need another climate archive? ................................................................................. 109
5.2 Moisture transport pathways to the TP: implications from the new archive Radix ............ 109
5.3 Outlook and open questions ................................................................................................ 110
6. Overall references ..................................................................................................................... 113
7. Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 132
7.1 List of publications and presentations ................................................................................. 132
7.2 Curriculum Vitae ................................................................................................................... 134

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