Table Of Contentnpo«j>eccop Cop6oHHbl, rapaapAO
~ KonyM6111HcKoro YHMaepcMTeTa
YneH Ha41110HOnbHOM
aKaAeM11nt HayK CWA
6pMMI03H JleoH HMKon~
(1889-1969)
..,.'"'1<.
a. .
Aaio11111itc11 if>pa"~ B 1920 r. """411TM AOKTO?CKY'°
c
A14eeepra11MIO. nop>llKcKOM YlfM•epotrere. 1921 r. npenOAQB01t po
AMOIJnt3M"Y a B. .c weit llJleterp()T&XHM'lecKoii WKane. 11 1928-1932 rr. -
c
npoif>ec;eop nop1tlKCKoro YHMBepc ..r ero ICop6oHHlol). 1932 r. ea•·
rnoa111u1 Koif>eAPY 06111eii M TeOpeTWl&CkaK if>M>MKM a KoM- A•
<llp""c. B l 941 r. nepeexon a CWA,, Q\8 npenDAQBon a po311"~"'"x ,
yHMBepotT&TOJ<. 8 1946-1947 rr. - npoif>eeeop rapaopAo.11 1948-
1953 rr. aoarnoamm OTA<tn 06pa3oeaHMI a o6noen< llJlel<ff)OllMKM
KOM110H14M IBM. c 1954 r. Jl. lipMMI0311 - npaif>e«op KonyMG..kt<oro
fHMBef>CMTeTo a Hbio·lflopKe.
n.
B o6noCTb HO)"'HMX MHTepeco• lipMMIO:>Ha 8XO,l:IMJIM KllOCCM ....C KQI
3J'leKTpoAMHOM.MKO,. tcaOHTOIO• MOXQHKKQ,- +M3MKQ tllePAQrO rena,
POAMOif>M•MKo, crantent~&CKO• if>iuHKo, •eopMA ,.,.q.opM<Jl\mt. Cp&AM
era AQCTMlKeHMii - paapa60TKa MSTQAO KBQ3""11QCCM'leCl<OfQ npM6-
llMJK6HMA I K8QHTOBOi MeXUHKl(e (OAHoapeMeHHO C r~ BettnteneM M
X. Kp'™"f>COM, J926}, HOXOll(AeHMe 3QBMCMM0CTM lf(IMOrHM.feHHOCtll ,
nOpaMQrMeTKKQ OT HOnptxeHHOCTM MarHHl'HorO nonw " TeMneparypw
(q.op"}'RO lipMMI03HO), oTKpWTMe ~CT110BOH'IR 30H «pa•p•w
"'"PAD'"
HblX• 3HO'lelf. .K 3Hepmt1 llJleKTf>OHOB • tene laot1>1 6pt1nn10-
~Ha), tfOa<HI KOHL\Snl(MSI M8XOHl43M(I pacnpocrpattetDHI ll'J$K'rp0Mar
HMTH .. IX aonH I 801fff0$0AUX~
II. 6pt1nnl03H - airrop 11ayx 3110'IHTI111r.H•uc po601', nOCB•U!eHHWX
TeOpMM .......P MOL\MM, B nep&Oi't M3 HMX, «Hay1<0 .. TllOpH• MH+of>MO•
l.4MM», pO'CCMOTpM:aanocb MHO*ecnso TeXHMllecKMX eonpocos, Ch30H"'
HWX c nepeAQ'leii ti t«>AKpoeaH- .,,.q.opt0011MM. BTopa• KHKro,
«HO}"!Ha• lf~IOIOCTb .. MHif>of™OLI"•», npeARQraeMa• 'IMT(I•
TenlO, He ton•KO pG3B....aeT MA8Mt BWCKQlQtlHbJ8 B npeAWP.yU4.eR pa-
"°"°'°
6ore, !fa ,. Of>"eamp)"'NJI Ha +•moco<t>cKoe OCMwcne""e
HOY"fHOro M6TOAA4
Leon Brillouin
SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY
AND INFOR:.\1ATION
n.
6pMnnl03H
HAY~HASI
HEOnPEAE.nEHHOCTb
M MH<l>OPMAU.MSI
IlepeBOll c aHrJllli!CKOl'O
T. A. K)l31tel.jOOOti
II011 pe11aK!J,li!eil H c noc;iecJ1oa11eM
JlOKTOpa ijlJLi:oco<t>cKttx ttayK,
npo(jleccopa H. B. Ky3ueuoea
-~
MOCKBA
URSS
lipHJIJtl-03H JTuOH
HayquaK neonpeJle.neBuoeTL K anqiop.Manruc Tiep. c amn. / non peJI a c noc~1ecrr
ll. B. KyJHfl\Ollll. M3ll 2-e, crepeomnHoe. M.: KoMK!Ulra, 2006 ··- 272 c.
ISBN 5-484-00397-0
HacroJIIIWI KH1rr.i, HanHcaHHAA tt3necrun1M ¢ipa1nty)CKltM q,rr3rrKOM JI. Eprn1-
JHOS1HOM, ocsemaeT 'TIUOie oonpocbl. Kill< cym,HOCTh H JHaiu:HHe uayl.fH.blX 3aKOHOB
u--reop1n1:, pOJib ooOOpIDKettIDt H HID6peTetUflJ B -reopHH, Mepa wH<l>opuarmu, co;rep:>Ka~
~e}icg B 33-KOHaX H TeopIDIX, J)oJ!b. onrn6oK lf3Ml':pCHJill B HOlHaBaTe. l. lbHOM npnuecce,
npo6n:eMa <i>H,1oco¢icKHX OCH OB HftYKH M T. IT. ABT(){) l;blJIJnrraer Ha o6C)')KlleHHe HO
Bble BaXRLie acnelCTbI TeopuH t1H4>of>M3Ll;l-IM, HCITOJtb3YeT 6oJir.raotl 1-{ paJH006pa:n1blH
$ltCTHttecK14i-\ MaTepttaJI.
PeKOM¢HllyeTCH KaK cneu11a.1ncraM <J>1i3MKBM, tj}H. n. :ot'04>a-M rr Mero,u.onoraM
nay:ia.r' TaK ll UIHp{H(OMy Kpyry lfHTaTC..1Cfi, tfl-l'repecymumxcA reoptteil HH4JoPMJUHW
H reMH 06ulHM1t no3HilJ1arennm.zM1-1 npo6JreMaMH, Koropwe ocneu.taeT .nattHflll KHnni.
H:t'l!l'.XJl}<..."1"1!t1 •Kol1Km1.rn.. 117312, 1 b-tocJCBa. np-T 60-nenrn: O:un6m:i:. 9
neq ,;
Ilo~\l!Jl<:i!HO K !it'JSTH 28 It 2005 r ¢illJIMaT &b:<J-0/16 l'l 3aK N'- 347
0';1lei:iarano a 000 ..JlEHAI!!l" 117312, r Mocc1xt np-'t 60 ;renrn 0iaK6pj[, Jl llA, crp !j
ISBN 5-4ll4--00397-0 © 1: A. Ky3tteuosa, nepeoou
Ha pyecJrnit $!3hl'.K, 1966,
2006
© 11. B. KySHCUOB,
nocnec1IOntte, 1966, 2006
© KoMKimra, 2006
3701 ID 33853
J~lll~Jlll~llJ
76 >
Baox1<ose1<ue xyooJ1Cuu1ta, paa1<0
ttaK u meopuH y~euozo, o611apy:J1CU·
oaem nopaaume11bHy10 MOUj•
~e;zooe
~ecttozo soo6pa3'Cenunl
BBE.11.EHHE
1:hoT pesyJJhTaT ,!l,OKaaaH HayKori... Hawe JJeKapcTBO
Hay•rno anpo6HpoaaHo ••. HayKa y'lHT, 'lTo. .• TaKOBhl yraep·
lKJ(eHHll, c KOTOphlMH Mb! CT8JIKHB8eMCll KalK,!1,0,!l,HeBHO.
CJ1000 «HayKa» KaK 6yATO o6Jia,!l,aeT HeKoell 'IYAOD.ellcraeH·
HOii CHJIOli. l1Ha'le roeopll, eCJ111 CK838HO «HayKa», TO CO·
rnawaiicH If HHK8KHX eoapalKeHHiil no,!1,06Hblii II0.!1.XO,!I,
rOAHTCH ,!l,JIH peKJ!aMbl, HO OH OWHl5o'leH 8 ceoeii OCHOBe.
HayKa He sepoyqeHHe. 0Ha He OTKPb!Ta '!eJioseKy KaKllM·
TO Bb!Cl!IllM 60.mecTBOM. HayKa :no IIJIO.!J. 'leJIOBe'!ecKoro
y111a H KaK T3KOBal! acer,!l,a OTKpb!T8 .!I.Jiii ,!l,llCKYCCHll H 803·
MO.lKl!OfO nepeCMOTpa. B Heil 11eT a6cOJIIOTllOH HCTl!Hhl;
OTHOCl!TeJ!bHOCTb - BOT, IIO)KaJiyii, npaBHJIO B HayKe. Ha
yKa npe.o.craBJ!lleT co6oii HeKYIO J!Ortt'lecey10 CBOAKY '!eJIO·
Be'leCKHX Il03HaHHii, OCHOBaHHblX Ha Ha6J110AeH1rn H OObITe
'!eJJOBeKa, a rroCJJe,!l,HHe acer.o.a orpaHH'IHBaJOTCH onpe.o.e
J1eHl!blM11 paMKaMI! II KOHe'IHOil" TO'lllOCTblO. lJro KacaeTCH
l!Ofl!Kll, KOTOpasi BHOCl!TCll np11 KJ1acc11ctmKaUHH 9MI111p1!•
l!eCKllX clJaKTOB, TO Olla eCTb THilll'lllblH npO.llYKT 1181!Iero
Mb!
pa3y111a. sbl6HpaeM aKcrrepH111e11raJ1hllble peayJibT8Tbl,
KOTOpble npe.o.craaJIHIOTCll 118111 JIOfl!'leCKll CBll33HHblMI!
MelK.llY co6oft, I{ or6pacblsae111 MHO.lKeCTBO <jlaKTOB, He YKJl8•
.llblBalOIUllXCll B Hawy <J!OrHKY» •. na.1l06Hf>JH liCKyccTBel!Hblii
np11e111 llBJ!HeTCll Ha!Ill!M H306pere1111e111, KOTOpb!M Mb! Ha
CTOJ!bKO ropAHMCll, '!TO 11acrattsae111 Ha npH3llaHHH noJJy·
'leHllblX c ero IlOMOIUb!O pe3yJ!bTaTOB KaK «38KOHOB npli·
pOJlbl»,
10 BBeaenue
Mb!
BhltSHpaeM Jla.11ee OTAeJil>Hble 3aKOllbl, !lMeIDm11e or·
Ho
poM11oe s!Hl'leHlle, 11 Ha3h!BaeM 11x «npHHll.HllaMH». B
HayKe HeT l!eIIpllKOCHO!IEHHblX np1rnu1rnoB: 3!!K0Hbl npeA
CT81MJl!OT co6ol! Jil!lllb CBO.l(Kll SKcnep11MeHra.~bHblX q>aKTOB,
OT06paHl1hlX H CllCTeMaT!l3!1pOB3HHblX 'leJIOBe'lecKl!M Mb!·
l!lJJeH11eM.
JlJOill!, 6yl lY'Jll HeBepOHTllO C!IMOHa)ie!IHllblMH, 113JtllWHe
CK,10HHbl BOCXH!.1.13TbCfl co6cTBeHHOii pa6oroii II !103BOJ!l!Tb
ce6e npe.nasarbcll rrplll!Tllb!M pa3Mhll!lJlelllrnM! Hayt1Hhle
TeOplrn BBOJ[l!T CBll3ll MelKJlY &Mll!!j)!!'leCKllMH <j>aKTaMll, 110
Jl!OOall TeOpUa MOilH!T Ob!Tb OTOj)Olllella, B TO speMlJ KaK
nii
</JaKTbt OCT!l!OTCH, ec.111 HX TO'!HO HaOJI!OJl,aJlH, II CBH3H
coxpal!J1TCSI B Ka1mil-1m60 11pyroli reopm1.
B11y1m CKOpO 6yAyT OCMe!IBaTb Hawy npocTory ll Halllll
reop1rn TaK JKe, KaK Mbl cei\ttac ocMe11aae111 «cBeTOeoii
ScjJl!p» CTapb!X O!IT!!'l€CKl!X: Teop11ii. «HaM Tenepb H3BeCTHO,
'lTO s<f!11pa 11er, 3TO 6blJIO HaytIHO ,ltOKa3aHO 91lHwTeii·
HOM ... ». llaaaihe tJHcrocepJJ;e•rno npmrnaeMCJl, '!TO Mb! HH·
ttero Ile 3HaeM HaBepHllKa, '!TO Bee Baum TeOpl!ll OTKj)blTbl
AJ!l! AllCKYCCHH II peBl!3HK K 6y.1tyr Bl!AOH3M€Hl!TbCl! BHOBb
ll BHOBb. lfro KacaeTCJJ reop1111 CBeTa, TO 6bWO 6hl Y,ll.l!BH·
Te.%HO, eCJlll Obi y Hae, 1J,eileTBllT€.%HO, HMe.1acb TO.llbKO
0011.a Teop1rn, Ha K0Topy10 MOJKHO no-aacTOlJlll,e111y no.110·
Ho
JKHTbCl!. HaM np11xo.1111rcH npH11111p!ITbCH co crpaHHoil
CM€Chl0 !M€KTpOM8f!IHTHblX UOJlH€ , KllaHTOB3HHH Ii OTHOCH·
TeJibHOCTH. Koriia Mb! roeopRM o ljlOTOHax 11 •:IJleKrpoMar·
lll!THblX BOJ!HaX, TO HCl!O, '!TO B 3TOH 06J1aCTH see eme He
,ll.OCTHrHYTO e.ztHHCTBO, HeCMOTPll l!B MHOrl!e 33MettaTeJlbHble
JlOCTl!lKH€ HJJ. I(B!IHTOBblH 9Jl€KTPOMarHeTll3M Bee eme
BCTpeqaeTCll c He06blKHOBeHHblMH TPY.lUIOCTHMH, KOTOpble
. Hc)l,a Bl!O 6hl,q!I OTO)\BllHYThl B cropoHy. HO OTH!O)J;b He
ycTpaHeHW.
B aacroHmei! KHttre npeAno.1araeTcll 06cyJ.1ttTi. sonpoc
0 llHa'!HMOCTlf reopHii, pa3BH1'blX B SKcnep11MeHTalll>HblX
tI
uayKax, - <jill3HKe, XHM!lll II 6110.wrnH. Mbl He BKJJIO'laeM
B Rawe paCCMOTpeHl!e BCeB03MOlKHble pa3)J.eJJbl 'll!CTOH Ma·
TeMaTl!KH, TaK xaK ORI! npe.n.craBJillJOT co6oi\ coaepmeuuo
HHble npo6JJeMbl, CTOlll.ll.l!e no csoeii crpy111ype a CTOpo!le
OT .llpyrnx nayK.
Hayxa 11e npocroe 11a11onJ1eHHe sMm1p11'!eCKHX pesy,1b·
TaTOB. Oua npeJJ:cras.qneT co6oii, no cyTH )l.eJJa, nonblTKY
To,
noHHTb I! ynopl!JJ.O'lllTb nH ·pe3yJJbTaThl. '!TO n1:i1ra10T·
Cl! n.e,iaTb yt1eHble, 9TO ecTb C03)J.llHHe Toro llJ!H Hl~Oro J!O·
rH'leCKaro KapKaca Mhrm.nettull, no3soJill10u:(ero HM o6Ha·
PYlKHTb BHyrpeHI!lle CBll3H H COOTl!OllieHl!JI M eJKJJ:Y 9KCne
p!IMeHTBJlbHblMl! Ha6mo)J.eHHflMH, KOTOpble MOJKHO npOB03·
rnac!ITb B Kll'H!CTBe «HayttllblX 31lKOHOB».
Ue1mocr.p H aalKHOCTb 9THX aaKOHOB ua.QJieJKttT O'!eHb
Tu:(aTeJibHO paccMaTpRBaTh H B3Be!llHBaT1>. Cyu:(ecrsyer
Oll8CHOC1b HX He.D.OOUeHKH HJlll, HanpOTl!B, CHJlhHOii nepe
oueHKll. HMe!OTCl! coeepmeHHO npOTHBOllOJJOlKHble MHemrn,
OT rpaHH'l3lUl!X c llOJIHb!M CKC!!THU.H3MOM AO CJienoii Bepbl
B a6COJIIOTHYIO Cl!.'!Y HBYKll. TaKHe BOnpOCbl BCTalOT TOf.ll.3,
Koma, )J.eHCTBHTeJ!bllO, Hea6XO)ll!Ma TOHK8ll !I Henpeay6e·
lK.ll.eHHal! oueHKa cHTYlllUIH. H ytteHb!A, 11 l!ecneu:11am'!CT
AOJJ.l!(Hbl npttHTH K cornacmo H ycTaHOBHTb, B KBKOA Mepe
OHll ~mryr 6btTb yaepeHbl B 11ayKe H cKO.'lb ~rnororo OHa
MOlKeT AOCTllrHYTb.
YqeHhle acer.Ila pa6ora10T 11a ocHOBe HeKoropblx qm.10·
co$CKHX npeAnocirnoK, H, XOTll. MHOr!le H3 HHX Moryr He
OC03HBB8Tb 9TOro, 3Tll npe,D.llOCblJIKH B neiicTBHTeJlbllOCTH
onpeneJJlllOT Hx o6myio no:mr<mo B HCCJien.oaaHHH. Heo6·
XOAHMOCTh yHcHeH!ll! qmJJoco4JcKoii ll03Hll;lll! 6b!J!B rJiy6oKO
npo11yBCTBOll8Ha MHOrHMH MblCJl!ITeJIHM!!, ll0Tp8tl!BWl!MH
Macey apeMeHH Ha 06cylKll.e1rne oc110BHblx noJiolKeirnii
H3YKH. MaKC nJ!aHK llOCBl!THJI MHorne ro.D.b! B npeK.10flHOM
Bo3pacTe ll0Jl.06HblM Jl.l!CKyccllllM, !! ero CT8TbH I! 6pOIU!Opb!
A. nyaa·
HMel<lT orpOMHOe 3Ha1Je1111e. Be.~HK!IH M3TeMaTHK
12 BseiJe11ue
Kape, KOTOpb!li BMC€ Te c TM€ 6b!JJ H BblJl.3!0!l.\HMCll reopera·
KOM B <j>H3HKe, Hanl!C8JI PllA KHHr, OCT310ll.\HXCl1 BJ€ IHKHMH
.11.oKyMeHTaMH Hay•rnoil Mb!CJ!H. A. 9liHwrefrn noJ1.'lepK11y.~
1mhle acneKrhl 06cylKJ1.aeMhlX sonpocos 11 HaxoJ1.HJ1cH B
ocrpoi'l onno3HUHH K nsrm1,D,aM, pa3BHTb!M H. BopoM.
rr.
B 3TOli lKe OOJJllCTH B€JIHKH!i 3KCnepl!M€Hrarop B. 6p1t.ll,)l(
Mea · lilllll!CilJI HC€ KOJ!bKO c!>YHJl.llMH€ Tl!JlbHb!X pa6or, ne
peKl!Jl.b!B310lllllX MOCT K ero «011epauHOHa.111crCKOMY Mero
.ay». CoBCeM He,!laBHO Mb! l'.ib!JJH CBH,lleremnrn OlK!IB.ijelmll
npo.11.o.11m11reJJ1>Hb!X cnopon «Jl.erepMmrnaM nponrn neponr
Hocrn» Mem.ny JI . .u.e Bpol!.~eM H 3. IIIpeJl.HHrep~M, c o.u.
nol! cwpoHb!, 11 M. BopHoM, B. felheH6eproM, a raKme
60J!bllil!l!CTBOM cpH3HKOB·TeopeTl!KOB - c J;pyroii.
<J>n,10co<jlcKHe OCHOBb! HayKH - O'!€Hh cepbeaHaH npo-
6.~eM a, HCKJ!!O'lliTe;1bHO lUHKHal! Jl.Jlll JIY'llllero nOHHMaHl!5!
Mb!
HayKH H no-npelKHeMy JaCJiyllrnsa!Oru.aa 06cylKJ1.el!lrn.
He rrpeJlllOJJaraeM pellll!Tb :nor so!lpoc. OH so3Bpaw.aer
Hae K Jlpes1m:11 rpet!eCKl!M MhlC.ll!Te.1!!M H OC'l'aHeTCH OT·
KpblThlM, noKa 6yAeT >Knri, Hay•rnoe HCCJleJl.OBaHHe. Ho
.nalKe B TOM cJJy'!ae, eCJJH y Hae Her B03MO:tKllOCTH Jl.aTb
OKOH'laTeJibHblU OTBer, Mb! He JlOillKllb! l!rHOpllpOBaTb llTY
npo6.neMy II 6y. neM IlblT3TbCll Bb!llCHHTb, ll qeM COC'l'Of!T
rpy.nHOCTI! II KaK HX npaBl!JlbHO cc!JopMym~pOllaTb.
Teopu!l UH.!/JopMat{uu OKa3b!Baercl! MOUJ,HhlM cpeJlCTBOM
llCc.~e,[\oBaHHH H, no HaweMy MHeHHIO, c.1y)KHT caMb!M Ha·
)lelKHb!M npOllOD.HllKOM, se.n:yW.HM Hae - no)l.OOHO apnaJl.·
l!HHOH HHTH - B 6JJyiKJJ.3HHl1X no 3TOMY .~a611pmny.
UeJrb Hacro1nnett KllHrl! 33KJIIO'laercrr ne B TOM, 11ro6bl
Ee
JJ.aTb TO'll!blii: H OKOHl!aTeJ!bHblH OTBeT. 3ll)la'la - pac
CMOTpeTb Bee CTOpOHl>I arofl rrpo6JreMbl, o6cy.zmr& B03MOlK·
Hble !10311UHH MblC.'lllTe.11! H ccpopMyJ1Hposarb KaK MO:IKHO
TO'!Hee Bonpochl, OTHOCl!ll.\HeCH K cp!!.llOCOcpCKl!M OCHOBllM
HayKH,
13
3.llecb He npe.D.no,1araeTcH l!3JIOlK!ITl> KaKoe·TO KPe.llO,
!fOTOporo .llOJllKHbl np1rn.epi1rnBaTbCl! y'!eHhle; !IMeeTCll B
BHAY J!HWb OTKpbltb .llllCKyccH!O, KOTopall .llOJlll<Ha pa3BH·
saTbCll BMecre c HayKOH H KOTOpa!! scer)l,a 0CTaB.1HeT 803-
MOlKHOCTb Bl!,!{OH3MetteHllll c yqeTOM HOBblX CHTYall.llH. O,n
a
HllM CJlOllOM, 3TO oqepK, He y'!eOHllK, If HllM ,nyMaeTcR,
'!TO 6b!JJO 6bl Henpas11.1bHO npe.llcT3BJlllTb ;,roT rpy,n 'll!Ta
remo
11natte.
Bb1.110 nposo3rnaweao Ml!oro Me'l'a4J11s11qecKHX yqenHil,
n TOM 'IHCJJe II TaK H33blBlleMblH .lllfaJJeKTH'l.eCK!lii Ma'l'epHa
Jlll3M. BcKope 0Ka3a,1ocb, '!To see 3TH HcKyccTBeHHble co
opymeH11H orpaHl!'!HBlllOT CBOOO.llY MblllJJleHHll I).
Db!J!o 6b! ;rocTaro•mo npocro no11'IHllHTb Hawy .n11cKyc
c11io CTporo JIOfll'leCKOMY nop11.n.Ky, np11)J.aTb eli BH.ll He·
Koero cOJil\flHoro coopyJKe1Hrn. Ho aTo 6bl.~O 6bl TaK JKe
HCKYCCTBCHl!O, KllK l!CKYCCTBeHHa 3113'!1!Te.1bllall '!aCTb
CTaH.llllPTHblX MaTeMaTH'!eCKHX yqe6HHKOB c }IX 33.llll'l.llt.111,
.n..
.1eMMaM11, TeopeMaMH H T • MaTeMaTl!Ka C03,1laBa.iacb He
Otta
TaKHM nyTeM. 11306peraeTcH nocTene11Ho, Hayra;r; Ma·
TeMaTllK Clle.llyeT aa CBOllM BJl.OXHOBeHHeM no,no6Ho xy,11olK
Ha
HllKY· CllMOM P.eJie OH - IlO'!IT. no3,llHee yqnre.1b 6epe1'
B HeM Bepx II OH nmneT TeopeMbl ll JieMMbl, a pa.llOCTb OT·
Kpb!Tf!l! yxo.11.11T Haecer)(a.
TaKllM o6paaoM, Mb! Ub!TaJJ11c1> 11a6elKaTb BCl!KOJi: aa·
paHee aa,iJ,yMaHHoii cxeMhl, 1160 oHa 6bwa 6hl noMexol!; Mb!
He HaK,1a.llblB3Jll! KaKllX•Jll:l60 c¢opMyJJ11poBaHHb!X 31l,ll.Hl!M
4HCJioM orpaHHIJe.mdl ll npenoH, n6o no 6wJJo t'lb! ,10JKl!OH
»
npeTeHs11eA. Hawa l(eJlb npocTal! MOlKeT 61i1Tb BblpalKeHa
B o;rHoA ¢pa3e - 6ecnp11crpacrmrn cso6011aal'I .zuiceyccl!H.
Ho
B 3TOM II COCTOl!T HeopTOJJ.OKC3Jlh!lOCTb lllblIII.1eHl!H,
J<ellCTBl!TeJlbHO CB060iJ,HOe llCCJTe.D.OB3Hl!e, nonblTKI{ OTKpb!Tb
nyTH ll tpOnllHKH IMI! ,llaJlbHeiiurnx pa3Mblll!Jlel!HH B Ma.~o-
113yqe11HOH 06JH!CT!I.
pea.
1) CM. erp. 247-250. - flpu.w.
14 Baeae,.,.e
3TO 03HaqaeT T3KlKe, 'ITO 11.e110 He OKOHqeHO: ace 3Tli
npo6JieMbl, TaK }Ke K3K H caMa HayKa, HllKOrJI.a Be 6y11.yT
3aaepweHbl. nOJ1HOe 3aaeprueBl!e 03H31l3Jl0 6bl cMepTb Jl,Jlll
mo6oro MCCJieJJ:oaaa1111.
H a aaKJ110'leH11e aero .!IHCK)'CCHIO MOJK110 6h!JIO 6bl B
ue.110~ Bb!pa3HTh ll Jl.BYX·Tpex CJlOBax: BeJIHqHe II HeJJ.O·
CT8TKH Teop11ii.
HacTOflW:a!I KHMra JJ.eJI11Tcll Ha .!lBe qacrH. B nepeoii
o6cy.lKJlalOTCH o6mire npo6.1eMbl Hlly'IHOro HCCJie){OBaHHll,
oco6ea110 pOJib Ha6Jl!OJJ.H€ HH, HH¢0pMaUl'IH H soo6palll:eHHH
II .popMym1po11amrn 33KOHOll HayKH. BTopaH 'laCTk TIOC!lll·
UJ.eHll K•1llCCl!'leCKOH MeXllHHKe, npe,Zl,CTllllJlll!Oilleii co6oii:
HK06bl TBepJJ.blHIO CTpOfOfO .D,e'fepMllHH3Ma. noKa3aB, '!TO
3TO y'leHHe con.epiKHT MHOfO Heonpen.eJieHHOCTeii, Mb! Tlllll•
TeJ!bHO HCCJ!e):lyeM poilh BeJ!l!KOii TeopeMbl flyaHKape.
Mb! He CO'l.~H Heo6xO,ll,llMb!M l!OBTOpl!Tb MHOrne MaTe·
MaTuqecKl!e HJ!H TeopeTH'leCKHe ,ll,OK83areJibCTBa, KOTOphle
Moryr 6bITb 11ail:,ne11bl B Apyrnx KHHrax. l.f!11aTeJ1b ue JJ.OJJ•
JKeH YJlllllMITbCfl, o6uapy1KHB raKoe MHO>KeCTllO CCbl.~OK Ha
«HaYKy I! Teopmo HH.PopMa~Hll> (1962) 11 «Teuaopbl n
MexaHHKe u reop11H ynpyrocrH» (1961), npHRaA.neJKaw:ne
anropy H ony6JillKOB8HHhle 113,lJ.aTeJibCTBOM «AKa.!(eMHK
npecc>.
JI eo11. Bpu1111ioa11.
MapT 1964 ro)la
