Scientific Cruise Report of the Arctic Expedition ARK-XI1112 of RV

242 Pages·2005·5.53 MB·English

Scientific Cruise Report of the
Arctic Expedition ARK-XI1112 of RV "Polarstern" in 1997
Wissenschaftlicher Fahrtbericht übed ie
Arktis-Expedition ARK-XIIIl2 von 1997
mit FS "Polarstern"
Edited by
Ruediger Stein and Kirsten Fahl
with contributions of the participants
Ber. Polarforsch. 255 (19 97)
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ISSN 017 6 5027
Scientific Cruise Report of the
Arctic Expedition ARK-XIIIl2 of RV "Polarstern" in 1997
Wissenschaftlicher Fahrtbericht Ÿbe die
Arktis-Expedition ARK-XIIII2 von 1997
mit FS "Polarstern"
Ruediger Stein
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Columbusstraße Bremerhaven, Germany
e-mail: rstein @awi-bremerhaven.de
Kirsten Fahl
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Columbusstraße Bremerhaven, Germany
e-mail: kfahl@a wi-bremerhaven.de
I
Cruise Report ARK-XIIIl2, Content
Meteorological Conditions ............................................. 13
(K. Buhlmann, H. Sonnabend)
Marine Biology ............................................................... 38
(E. Rachor, H. Thiel, H. Auel, H. BäsemannE . Bauerfeind, S. Denisenko,
E. Helrnke, K. V.J uterzenka, M. Klages, U. Klauke, F. Kulescha, K. Kosobokova,
S. Lischka, K. Meiners, V. 0. Mokievsky, Y.B. Okolodkov, B. Sablotny, I. Schewe,
V. Shevchenko, T. Soltwedel, Q. Zhang)
(K. Meiners)
Characteristics and Biota of Small Melt Pools .......................... 45
(H. Auel)
Meroplankton: Sam.p linq- of Zoobenthos Larval Plankton -----------6 4
(E. ~a'chor)
Vertical Particle Flux (E. Bauernfeind, V. Shevchenk0)---------------------- 6 5
Benthos ........................................................................... 6 6
Epifauna/Megafauna. .......................................................... 6 7
(H. Thiel, K. V. Juterzenka, M. Klages, F. Kulescha, B. Sablotny)
Sea-Ice Sedimentology and Water Chemistry----------------9 0
(D. Dethleff, V. Shevchenko)
(D. Dethleff)
Snow arid Melt Pond Water Chemistry ................................... 97
(V. Shevchenko)
Marine Sediment Echosounding using PARASOUND---------------9 9
(F. Niessen, H.P.Kleiber)
Geological Sampling, Description, and Methods Applied -----------I 06
Aerosol Sampling .............................................................. 106
(V. Shevchenko)
Sampling of the Water Column for Organic-Geochemical ----------I 06
lnvestigations (K.F~~I)
Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes Investigations of Water and --------- 107
~oiäminife(rU . Volkrnann)
Nitrogen and Carbon Isotopes Investigations of Organic ----------- 110
Material (C.J. Schubert)
Sea Floor Sediment Sampling and Description-----------------------1- 11
(M. Behrends, K. Fahl, J. Knies, M. Levitan, M. Mitjajev, E. Musatov,
G. Nehrke, U. Volkmann)
Physical ProPedies arid Core Logging ................................... 115
(F. ~iessenH, .--P. Kleiber)
Lithostratigraphy and Sediment Characteristics------------------------1 21
(C. ~chuber(J .'~niesM, . Levitan, E. Musatov, U. Stein)
Aerosols ........................................................................... 136
(V. Shevchenko)
Geochemistry ------------------------------1-3-8- .--------------------------------
(M. Rutgers V. d. Loeff, E. Damm, M. KühnA . Maibaum)
Station ListÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑà 56
Weather Data----------------------------"-------------------------------1-6--7-- ----
Geological Data Tables and Graphical Core Description------------I7 2
General Guidelines for Data and Sample
Distribution arid Publications ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÃ
Physical Oceanography 225
ÑÑÑÑÑ-ÑÑÑÑ
Marine BiologyÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
Sea-Ice Sedimentology and Water Chemistry--------------------------228
Marine Geology. ................................................................. 229
Sediment Sample Distribution Guidelines for ARK-XI1112
23 1

1 Introduction
(R. Stein)
Based on the excellent experiences and the success of the international multi-
disciplinary scientific expeditions with the ice-breaking RV "Polarstern" into the
central Arctic Ocean and adjacent Eurasian continental margin areas in 1986
(ARK-IV/3), 1991 (ARK-VIII/3), 1993 (ARK-IX/4), 1995 (ARK-XIIl), and 1996
(ARK-XII), the expedition ARK-XIII/2 was carried out to the continental margin
off Svalbard, the Yermak-Plateau area, and Fram Strait (Fig.l .I).
The main components of the multidisciplinary project comprise:
(1) oceanographic investigations to understand and quantify both the
circulation and water mass transformations;
(2) biological investigations in fundamental ecology (pelago-benthic coupling;
sea-ice biology) and biogeography;
(3) geological investigations including sea-ice research, aerosol
measurements, studies of modern particle flux through the water
column, and studies of short- and long-term changes in
paleoenvironment; and
(4) geochemical studies of early diagenesis as well as particle transport and
chemical turnover in the benthic nepheloid layer.
The research program of this "Polarstern" Expedition will partly contribute to
the EU-project "Arctic Ocean System in the Global Environment" (AOSGE).
The regional priority of the expedition was a transect east of Svalbard
(transect A) and transects from the northern Svalbard continental margin
across the Yermak Plateau to the East Greenland continental margin
(transects B, C, D, and E) (Fig. 1.2).
Alltogether, the ARK-XI1112 Cruise can be regarded as a very successful
expedition. A huge amount of new data and samples for oceanographical, sea
ice, biological, geochemical, and geological research were obtained. The
present report decribes the scientific program and first results of this
expedition,
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DtSTAMCE TOTAL 3585 FAt
C "- W.-
PFS POLARSTERN Bc* l
U%.- W.-
CRUISE ARKXM12
TROMSO-SVALBARD-YFRMAK PLATEAU-TROMSO
.-. -M..-.
AJNE 25th T0 AUGUST 11th. 1997 W- ** E-
WM,.'. . %"m..* n
Fig. 1 .l:Cr uise track of RV "Polarstern" during ARK-XIIIl2.

2 Itinerary
(R.Stein)
On June 25, 1997, 22.30h, RV "Polarstern" left Tromsa, onboard 43 Crew
members and 48 scientists. After a short transit of 420 nm we reached our first
station 39 of transect A (75' 59.9' N, 32' 59.4' E; Figs. 1.2, 2.1a) in the area
east of Svalbard on Friday, June 27, 1997, 09.30 UTC. During the first days,
shipboard activities concentrated On oceanographical and biological
measurements and sampling of the water column and sampling of near-
surface sediments, using CTDIRosette, multinet, bongonet, seafloor imaging
(Fotoschaukel), epibenthos sledge, Agassiz trawl, giant box sampler
(Großkastengreifer) Van-Veen-Grab, and multicorer, respectively. During
transit times, aerosols were routinely collected using a pump installed on the
uppermost deck of the vessel. At station 49 (77' 35.2' N, 34O 42.2' E), a
sediment trap deployed some weeks ago during Cruise ARK-XIIII1, was
recovered on June 28. On July 01, at the last station of transect A (station 55,
80Â 41.4' N, 29O 24.4' E; water depth of 410m), the OFOS ("Ocean Floor
Observation System") was employed, a System which allows a direct
observation of the sea floor by means of a video and photo camera. Despite
extreme ice condition, this first lest in shallow water depth was very successful.
At the Same station, the first sea-ice sampling program also took place on a
large ice floe.
0 100 200 Distance (km) 400 500 600
75'N 76'N 77'N 78ON 7g0N 80° 8I0N
Latitude
Fig. 2.1a: Depth profile of transect A and Course plot with station numbers. For
location of transect A See Figures 1.2 and 2.2.