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Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific
Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food,
National Research Council
ISBN: 0-309-50920-3, 424 pages, 6x9, (2003)
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Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
SCIENTIFIC CRITERIA
TO ENSURE SAFE FOOD
Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria
and Performance Standards for Safe Food
Food and Nutrition Board
Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Insti-
tute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen
for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Food and Drug Administration, under contract number 223-01-2460, Task Order 6, and
the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, under contract
number FSIS-27-B-01. The views presented in this report are those of the Committee on
the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food and
are not necessarily those of the funding agencies.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance
Standards for Safe Food.
Scientific criteria to ensure safe food / Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific
Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on
Agriculture and Natural Resources.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-309-08928-X (hardcover), ISBN 0-309-50920-3 (PDF)
1. Food—Safety measures 2. Food adulteration and inspection.
[DNLM: 1. Food Contamination—prevention & control. 2. Food Microbiology. 3.
Food Supply—standards. WA 701 S416 2003] I. Title.
TX531.C586 2003
363.19′26—dc22
2003015501
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500
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Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
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Dr.Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
COMMITTEE ON THE REVIEW OF THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC
CRITERIA AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR SAFE FOOD
CLAUDE EARL FOX (Co-chair), Urban Health Institute, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland
CAMERON HACKNEY (Co-chair), Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry
and Consumer Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown
KATHRYN J. BOOR, Department of Food Science, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
ELIZABETH BOYLE, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas
State University, Manhattan
MARSHA N. COHEN, Hastings College of the Law, University of California,
San Francisco
JAMES S. DICKSON, Department of Microbiology, Iowa State University,
Ames
DARRELL W. DONAHUE, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Maine, Orono
JEFFREY M. FARBER, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products and
Food Branch, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
ROBERT GRAVANI, Department of Food Science, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
RICHARD L. GUERRANT, Division of Geographic and International
Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
NEAL H. HOOKER, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and
Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus
JOHN A. MARCY, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of
Arkansas, Fayetteville
DONALD W. SCHAFFNER, Department of Food Science, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
DONN R. WARD, Department of Food Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh
Consultants
THOMAS P. GRUMBLY, Keystone Center, Keystone, Colorado
J. GLENN MORRIS, JR., Department of Epidemiology and Preventative
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
ROBERT V. TAUXE, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
v
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
SUBCOMMITTEE ON MEAT AND POULTRY
JAMES S. DICKSON (Chair), Department of Microbiology, Iowa State
University, Ames
ELIZABETH BOYLE, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas
State University, Manhattan
NEAL H. HOOKER, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and
Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus
JOHN A. MARCY, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of
Arkansas, Fayetteville
JIM E. RIVIERE, Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and
Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh
JOHN G. SURAK, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina
TERRI WENGER, Trade and Consumer Protection, Wisconsin Department of
Agriculture, Madison
SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRODUCE AND RELATED PRODUCTS,
SEAFOOD, AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
ROBERT GRAVANI (Chair), Department of Food Science, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
KATHRYN J. BOOR, Department of Food Science, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
DARRELL DONAHUE, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
University of Maine, Orono
LINDA J. HARRIS, Department of Food Science and Technology, University
of California-Davis
CRAIG HEDBERG, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
W. STEVEN OTWELL, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition,
University of Florida, Gainesville
DONN R. WARD, Department of Food Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh
vi
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
Staff
RICARDO MOLINS, Study Director
MARIA ORIA, Program Officer
TAZIMA A. DAVIS, Research Assistant
SANAIT TESFAGIORGIS, Senior Project Assistant
GAIL E. SPEARS, Staff Editor
GARY WALKER, Financial Associate
vii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD
ROBERT M. RUSSELL (Vice-chair), U.S. Department of Agriculture Jean
Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University,
Boston, Massachusetts
LARRY R. BEUCHAT, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin
BENJAMIN CABALLERO, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
LYNN PARKER, Child Nutrition Programs and Nutrition Policy, Food
Research and Action Center, Washington, D.C.
A. CATHARINE ROSS, Nutrition Department, Pennsylvania State
University, University Park
BARBARA O. SCHNEEMAN, Department of Nutrition, University of
California, Davis
STEVE L. TAYLOR, Department of Food Science and Technology and Food
Processing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
CATHERINE E. WOTEKI, Department of Food Science and Human
Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames
BARRY L. ZOUMAS, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural
Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Staff
ALLISON A. YATES, Director
LINDA D. MEYERS, Deputy Director
GAIL E. SPEARS, Staff Editor
GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant
GARY WALKER, Financial Associate
viii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10690.html
BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
MAY R. BERENBAUM (Chair), Entomology Department, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
SANDRA BARTHOLMEY, Crystal Lake, Illinois
DEBORAH BLUM, School of Journalism and Mass Communication,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
H.H. CHENG, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul
BARBARA P. GLENN, Federation of Animal Science Societies, Bethesda,
Maryland
LINDA F. GOLODNER, National Consumers League, Washington, D.C.
W.R. GOMES, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University
of California, Oakland
PERRY R. HAGENSTEIN, Institute for Forest Analysis, Planning, and
Policy, Wayland, Massachusetts
JANET C. KING, U.S. Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition
Research Center, University of California, Davis
DAVID P. LOUCKS, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
WHITNEY MACMILLAN, Minneapolis, Minnesota
TERRY MEDLEY, Global Regulatory Affairs, DuPont Agriculture and
Nutrition, Wilmington, Delaware
OLE NIELSEN, Department of Ecosystem Health, Ontario Veterinary College,
Spruce Grove, Alberta
ALICE N. PELL, Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York
BOBBY PHILLS, Land Grant Programs, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee
SHARON S. QUISENBERRY, College of Agriculture, Montana State
University, Bozeman
SONYA SALAMON, Department of Community and Rural Studies,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
G. EDWARD SCHUH, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis
BRIAN J. STASKAWICZ, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology,
University of California, Berkeley
JACK WARD THOMAS, School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula
JAMES H. TUMLINSON III, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida
B.L. TURNER II, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University,
Worcester, Massachusetts
ix
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
