Science and Technology Policies for the Anti-Terrorism Era: Volume 51 NATO Science Series, Science and Technology Policy (NATO Science Series. 5, Science and Technology Policy)

200 Pages·2006·1.05 MB·English

by  A. James

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES FOR THE
ANTI-TERRORISM ERA
NATO Science Series
A series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science
Programme.
The series is published by IOS Press and Springer Science and Business Media in conjunction
with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
I. Life and Behavioural Sciences IOS Press
II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Springer Science and Business Media
III. Computer and Systems Sciences IOS Press
IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences Springer Science and Business Media
V. Science and Technology Policy IOS Press
The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI
Series.
The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between
scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting
generally supported are “Advanced Study Institutes” and “Advanced Research Workshops”,
although other types of meeting are supported from time to time. The NATO Science Series
collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from
NATO countries and scientists from NATO’s Partner countries – countries of the CIS and
Central and Eastern Europe.
Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest
advances in a field.
Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and
identification of directions for future action.
As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO
Science Series has been re-organized and there are currently five sub-series as noted above.
Please consult the following web sites for information on previous volumes published in the
series, as well as details of earlier sub-series:
http://www.nato.int/science
http://www.springeronline.nl
http://www.iospress.nl
http://www.wtv-books.de/nato_pco.htm
Series V. Science and Technology Policy – Vol. 51 ISSN: 1387-6708
Science and Technology Policies
for the Anti-Terrorism Era
Edited by
Andrew D. James
PREST – Policy Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
University of Manchester, UK
Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Science & Technology Policies for the Anti-Terrorism Era
Manchester, United Kingdom
12–14 September 2004
© 2006 IOS Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher.
ISBN 1-58603-646-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006929619
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Science and Technology Policies for the Anti-Terrorism Era v
Andrew D. James (Ed.)
IOS Press, 2006
© 2006 IOS Press. All rights reserved.
Preface and Acknowledgements
This book is the product of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in
Manchester, UK from 12th to 14th September 2004. The Workshop was hosted by the
University of Manchester’s PREST science and technology policy research centre. The
Workshop was directed by Andrew James of PREST and co-directed by
Professor Myklov Ozheven, Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine.
The objectives of the Workshop were to critically consider the science and
technology policies necessary for defence against terrorism and other threats to
security; to assess the priorities for governments, universities, national laboratories and
industrial firms; to identify how governments and the science and technology
community can most effectively work together to enhance our security; and to share the
experiences of policy makers and policy analysts.
The importance and relevance of the Workshop topic to the policy community was
reflected in the seniority of the speakers and participants. These included
Dr Parney Albright who at the time of the Workshop held the position of Assistant
Secretary for Science & Technology at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security as
well as senior figures from the UK Home Office, UK Office of Science & Technology,
the European Commission and NATO. Our Key Note Speaker was Dr Ian Gibson MP
who at the time was Chairman of the House of Commons Science & Technology
Committee. The timeliness of the Workshop was also reflected in the high quality of
participants from the academic and think tank communities. In all, 50 people attended
the Workshop. Participants were drawn from 11 countries representing NATO, the
Partnership for Peace countries and the NATO Mediterranean Dialogue.
Active and open discussion and the sharing of experience were critical to the
success of the Workshop and I would like to thank all the participants for their
contributions. I would also like to thank several colleagues at PREST without whom
the Workshop would have been impossible. In particular, Jessica Chen, Deborah Cox
and Susan Nicholson provided excellent organisational support. James Allen’s editorial
assistance is also gratefully acknowledged.
Andrew D. James
Manchester, UK
June 2006
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vii
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgements v
Andrew D. James
Part 1. Introduction
Science and Technology Policies for the Anti-Terrorism Era 3
Andrew D. James
Part 2. The Role of Science and Technology
Promoting Science and Technology to Serve National Security 23
James J. Richardson, Whitney Matson and Robert Peters
What Can the Science and Technology Community Contribute? 38
Bill Durodié
R&D and the War on Terrorism: Generalising the Israeli Experience 51
Isaac Ben-Israel, Oren Setter and Asher Tishler
Making the UK Safer: Detecting and Decontaminating Chemical and
Biological Agents 64
Alastair Hay
Cleanup After a CBRN Terrorist Event: What Do Users Need from the Science
Community? 74
Konstantin Volchek and Merv Fingas
Part 3. Public Policy Responses
A Framework for Homeland Security Research and Development: The United
States’ Perspective 87
Penrose C. Albright and Holly A. Dockery
Development of a Science and Technology Response for CBRN Terrorism:
The Canadian CBRN Research and Technology Initiative 97
Camille A. Boulet
Engaging the Science and Technology Community in the Fight Against
Terrorism 111
Heiko Borchert
Part 4. International Cooperation
Creating a Paradigm for Effective International Cooperation in Homeland
Security Technology Development 127
Holly A. Dockery and Penrose C. Albright
viii
Enhancing Transatlantic Cooperation on S&T for Homeland Defence and
Counter-Terrorism 137
Richard A. Bitzinger
Part 5. The Governance of Science and Technology in the New Security
Environment
Impacts of Post-September 11 Security Policies on U.S. Science 151
Albert H. Teich
The Individual and Collective Roles Scientists Can Play in Strengthening
International Treaties 166
The Royal Society
National Security, Terrorism and the Control of Life Science Research 172
Brian Rappert
Subject Index 185
Author Index 191
Part 1
Introduction
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