Science and Applications of Nanoparticles

472 Pages·2023·23.464 MB·english

by  Ahmed W., Nourafkan E. (ed.)

Science and Applications
of Nanoparticles
Science and Applications
of Nanoparticles
edited by
Waqar Ahmed
Ehsan Nourafkan
Published by
Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
101 Thomson Road
#06-01, United Square
Singapore 307591
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.jennystanford.com
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Science and Applications of Nanoparticles
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form
Copyright © 2023 by Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
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ISBN 978-981-4267-34-2 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-1-003-28029-3 (eBook)
Contents
Preface
1. Ap plicat ion of Nanoparticles in the Field of Photonics x1v
Syed Asad Hussain
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Nanoparticles for Bioimaging 3
2. 1W.3h at WCeo Nneceluds tioon K now about Quantum Dots 21
Nanoparticles 29
Shiv Prakash Singh, Sudheer Kumar Yadav,
and Kunal Mondal

2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Synthesis Techniques 32
2.2.1 Chemical Route Synthesis 32
2.2.2 Physical Vapor Deposition 33
2.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition 33
2.3 Characterization 33
2.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction 33
2.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy 35
2.3.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 35
2.3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy 36
2.3.5 Photoluminescence 38
2.3.6 UV-Visible Spectroscopy 40
2.4 Applications 40
2.4.1 Qubits 41
2.4.2 Quantum Dot Solar Cell 43
2.4.3 Optoelectronics 44
2.4.4 Drug Delivery 45
2.4.5 Single-Electron Transistor 46
2.4.6 Photocatalysis 47
2.5 Conclusion and Future Scopes 49
vi Contents
3. Micro-/Nano-Encapsulation and Encapsulation
Applications 55
Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu, M. Kaan Yeşilyurt,
and Ömer Çomakli

3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Chemical Methods 59
3.2.1 Interfacial Polymerization 59
3.2.2 Suspension Polymerization 61
3.2.3 Emulsification/Emulsion
Polymerization 62
In situ
3.2.4 Miniemulsion Polymerization 63
3.2.5 Polymerization 64
3.2.6 Condensation Polymerization 68
3.2.7 Solvent Evaporation 69
3.2.8 Emulsification-Diffusion 69
3.2.9 Molecular Encapsulation/Inclusion
Complexation 70
3.3 Physical Methods 73
3.3.1 Spray Drying 73
3.3.2 Spray Chilling/Spray Congealing 76
3.3.3 Freeze Drying 79
3.3.4 Fluid Bed Coating 79
3.3.5 Air Suspension Coating 81
3.3.6 Melt Extrusion 81
3.3.7 Annular Jet (Vibrational Nozzle) 82
3.3.8 Entrapment in Liposome Vesicles 82
3.3.9 Electrostatic Precipitation 84
3.3.10 Electrohydrodynamic Processes 84
3.3.11 Hydrogel-Based Microgel Particles 85
3.4 Physicochemical Methods 87
3.4.1 Complex Coacervation/Phase
Separation 87
3.4.2 Sol–Gel Method 90
4. 3N.a5n oplaCtofonrcmluss fioonr Anticancer Therapy Based on 90
Reactive Oxygen Species 103
Shameer Pillarisetti, Veena Vijayan,
Saji Uthaman, and In-Kyu Park

4.1 Introduction 103
Contents vii
4.2 Significance of ROS in Anticancer Therapy 106
4.3 Strategies for ROS-Based Anticancer Therapy 107
4.4 Stimulation of ROS Production 108
4.4.1 Near-Infrared Irradiation 108
4.4.2 Ultrasound 109
4.4.3 Self-Luminescence 111
4.4.4 Radiation 111
4.4.5 Molecular Dynamics 112
4.5 ROS-Based Monotherapies 114
4.5.1 Photodynamic Therapy 114
4.5.2 Sonodynamic Therapy 116
4.5.3 Molecular Dynamic Therapy 117
4.5.4 Molecular Drug Therapy 118
4.6 ROS-Based Combination Therapy 118
4.6.1 Chemotherapy 118
4.6.2 Immunotherapy 119
4.6.3 Photothermal Therapy 120
4.6.4 Combination Therapy 121
4.7 Clinical Implications of ROS Therapy 122
5. 4N.a8n otecChonnocllougsyio inn Taenxdt iFleust ure Perspectives 112333
Subhankar Maity, Sukumar Roy, and
Ashis Narayan Banerjee

5.1 Introduction 134
5.2 Nanofibers and Nanoengineered Textiles
Manufactured by Electrospinning 135
5.3 Nanofinishing of Textiles 138
5.3.1 Achieving Water and Oil Repellence
Property through Nanotechnology
Route 138
5.3.2 Antistatic Properties by
Nanotechnology 140
5.3.3 Enhancement of Wrinkle and
Crease Recovery Properties of
Textiles 141
5.3.4 Enhancement of Mechanical
Properties of Textiles by
Nanotechnology 141
viii Contents
5.3.5 Nanofinished Textiles for
Protection from Ultraviolet (UV)
Radiation 142
5.3.6 Antibacterial Nanofinishing of
Textiles 143
5.3.7 Self-Cleaning Textiles 143
5.4 Nanopretreatments of Textile:
Nanoscouring, Nanobleaching,
Nanosoftening 144
5.5 Nanodyeing 148
5.6 Process Involved in the Preparation of Dye
Nanoparticles 150
5.6.1 Ultraviolet and Microwave
Treatment 150
5.6.2 Ultrasound Treatment 150
5.6.3 Mechanical Milling 151
5.7 Testing and Analysis of Nanomaterials 151
5.8 Economic and Environmental Aspects of
Using Nanoparticles 152
6. 5A.n9 UpdaCtoen ocnlu Nsiaonno technology and Sustainable 153
Agriculture 159
Allah Ditta and Naseer Ullah

6.1 Introduction 160
6.2 Classification of Nanomaterials 161
6.3 Nanotechnology in Agriculture 162
6.3.1 Precision Farming 163
6.3.2 Crop Production 166
6.3.2.1 Nanopesticides 166
6.3.2.2 Potential delivery
agents for nutrients
and fertilizers 173
6.3.2.3 Nanomaterials and
abiotic stresses 175
6.3.2.4 Biosensors to identify
pathogens/contaminations 176
6.4 Nanotechnology Application in Seed Science 176
6.5 Nanotechnology and Storage of Agricultural
Commodities 177
Contents ix
6.6 Nanobiotechnology for Crop Improvement 177
6.7 Nano-Barcode Technology and Identity
Preservation 179
7. 6A.p8p licatCioonn colfu Nsiaonno acnodm Fpuotsuitrees P aenrds pNeacntoivmesa terials 179
for Treatment of Wastewater Containing Pollutants 199
Hossein Esmaeili
7.1 Introduction 200
7.2 Nanomaterials Properties 203
7.3 Toxic Metals Removal from Wastewater 204
7.4 Dye Removal from Wastewater 209
7.5 Phosphate, Sulfate, and Nitrate Removal
from Wastewater 214
7.6 Drugs Removal from Wastewater 218
7.7 Hydrocarbon Removal from Wastewater 222
7.8 Reusability of Nano-Sorbents 224
7.9 Effective Factors on Wastewater 227
8. 7A.p1p0l icatCioonn colfu Nsiaonno technology in Cosmetics 222473
Adriana de Melo, Marcelo Lancellotti, and
Daisy Machado

8.1 Introduction 244
8.2 Definition of Nanoparticles 245
8.3 General Characteristics of Nanoparticles 247
8.4 Nanoparticles for Cosmetic Formulation 247
8.5 Types of Nanoparticles Used in Cosmetics 248
8.5.1 Non-metallic Nanoparticles 249
8.5.1.1 Liposome 249
8.5.1.2 Applications of
liposomes in cosmetics 251
8.5.1.3 Nanoemulsions 254
8.5.1.4 Applications of
nanoemulsions in
cosmetics 254
8.5.1.5 Nanocapsules 256
8.5.1.6 Complications of
nanocapsules in
cosmetics 257
x Contents
8.5.1.7 Solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLNs) 258
8.5.1.8 Applications of SLNs in
cosmetics 259
8.5.1.9 Dendrimers 260
8.5.1.10 Applications of
dendrimers in cosmetics 260
8.5.1.11 Niosomes 261
8.5.1.12 Applications of niosomes
in cosmetics 262
8.5.2 Metal Nanoparticles 264
8.5.2.1 Silver nanoparticles 264
8.5.2.2 Applications of silver
nanoparticles in
cosmetics 264
8.5.3 Carbon Nanoparticles 265
8.5.3.1 Fullerenes (Buckyballs) 265
8.5.3.2 Applications of
fullerenes in cosmetics 266
8.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Nanoparticles in Cosmetics 267
9. 8O.r7a l LipiFdi-nBaals Ceodn Csaidrreierarst:i oOnvse rcoming the 267
Challenges Associated with Conventional
Treatments of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 277
James Glover, Sakib Yousaf, and Iftikhar Khan

9.1 Introduction 278
9.2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Pathophysiology 280
9.3 Current FDA-Approved Therapies for
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 281
9.3.1 Chemotherapy 282
9.3.2 Targeted Therapy 283
9.3.3 Immunotherapy 284
9.4 Oral Lipid-Based Formulations and Their
Importance 285
9.4.1 Mechanism of Intestinal Lymphatic
Absorption 286
9.4.2 Phospholipid Nanocarriers 288