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Program Authors
Dr. Jay K. Hackett
Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences
University of Northern Colorado
Greeley, CO
Dr. Richard H. Moyer
Professor of Science Education and
Natural Sciences
University of Michigan–Dearborn
Dearborn, MI
Dr. JoAnne Vasquez
Elementary Science Education Consultant
NSTA Past President
Member, National Science Board
and NASA Education Board
Mulugheta Teferi, M.A.
Principal, Gateway Middle School
Center of Math, Science, and Technology
St. Louis Public Schools
St. Louis, MO
Dinah Zike, M.Ed.
Dinah Might Adventures LP
San Antonio, TX
Kathryn LeRoy, M.S.
Executive Director
Division of Mathematics and Science Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools, FL
Miami, FL
Dr. Dorothy J. T. Terman
Science Curriculum Development Consultant
Former K–12 Science and Mathematics Coordinator
Irvine Unified School District, CA
Irvine, CA
Dr. Gerald F. Wheeler
Executive Director
National Science Teachers Association
Bank Street College of Education
New York, NY
Contributing Authors
Dr. Sally Ride
Sally Ride Science
San Diego, CA
Lucille Villegas Barrera, M.Ed.
Elementary Science Supervisor
Houston Independent School District
Houston, TX
American Museum
of Natural History
New York, NY
Contributing Writer
Ellen C. Grace, M.S.
Consultant
Albuquerque, NM
Students with print disabilities may be eligible to obtain an accessible, audio version of the pupil edition of this
textbook. Please call Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic at 1-800-221-4792 for complete information.
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or
stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 978-0-02-287196-3
MHID: 0-02-287196-9
Printed in the United States of America.
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A
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Paul R. Haberstroh, Ph.D.
Mohave Community College
Lake Havasu City, AZ
Timothy Long
School of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA
Rick MacPherson, Ph.D.
Program Director
The Coral Reef Alliance
San Francisco, CA
Hector Córdova Mireles, Ph.D.
Physics Department
California State
Polytechnic University
Pomona, CA
Charlotte A. Otto, Ph.D.
Department of Natural Sciences
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Dearborn, MI
Paul Zitzewitz, Ph.D.
Department of Natural Sciences
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Dearborn, MI
Cathy Constance
Science Coordinator
Youngstown City Schools
Youngstown, OH
Kevin Cornell
Teacher
Menlo Park Elementary
Huber Heights City Schools
Huber Heights, OH
Carolyn Day
Director of School Improvement
Past Science and Math Supervisor
Dayton Public Schools
Dayton, OH
Chris Doolittle
Science Resources
Westerville City Schools
Westerville, OH
Jim Hooper
Science Curriculum Leader
Vandalia-Butler City Scools
Vandalia, OH
James Lay
Teacher
Dayton Public Schools
Dayton, OH
Chris Moore-Goad
Math and Science Specialist
Kettering City Schools
Kettering, OH
Mary Ellen Murray
Science Curriculum Coordinator
Parma City Schools
Parma, OH
Kevin Stinson
Science Manager, K-12
Cincinnati City Schools
Cincinnati, OH
Elizabeth Voit
K-5 Science Curriculum Coordinator
Cleveland Municipal Schools
Cleveland, OH
Tracie Walsh
Teacher
Oakview Elementary
Kettering City Schools
Kettering, OH
Deb Wickerham
Findlay City Schools
Findlay, OH
Jeff Winslow
Science Supervisor
Talawanda Schools
Oxford, OH
Missi Zender, Ph.D.
Science Resource Specialist
Summit County ESC
Cuyahoga Falls, OH
The American Museum of Natural History in New York City is one of the world’s preeminent scientific, educational, and
cultural institutions, with a global mission to explore and interpret human cultures and the natural world through scientific
research, education, and exhibitions. Each year the Museum welcomes around four million visitors, including 500,000
schoolchildren in organized field trips. It provides professional development activities for thousands of teachers; hundreds
of public programs that serve audiences ranging from preschoolers to seniors; and an array of learning and teaching resources for use in
homes, schools, and community-based settings. Visit www.amnh.org for online resources.
is a trademark of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Content Consultants
Editorial Advisory Board
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BE A SCIENTIST
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Ohio: A Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Peregrine Falcons on the Rhodes Tower
CHAPTER 1
Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Lesson 1
What Living Things Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
• Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Lesson 2 Plants Make New Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . 42
Lesson 3 How Plants Are Alike and Different . . . . . . . . 44
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
I Read to Review: Peach Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Chapter 1 Review and Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
CHAPTER 2
Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Lesson 1
Animal Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
• Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Lesson 2 Animals Grow and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lesson 3 Staying Alive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . 82
I Read to Review: So Many Animals! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Chapter 2 Review and Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
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CHAPTER 3
Looking at Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Lesson 1
Places to Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
• Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Lesson 2 Food Chains and Food Webs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . 106
Lesson 3 Habitats Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Be a Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1 8
I Read to Review: Changing Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Chapter 3 Review and Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Unit Literature The Seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
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Ohio: A Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Cincinnati Observatory
The John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field
CHAPTER 4
Earth in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Lesson 1
Day and Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
• Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Lesson 2 Why Seasons Happen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . 150
Lesson 3 The Moon and Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
• Be a Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
I Read to Review: Our Moving Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Chapter 4 Review and Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
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CHAPTER 5
Observing Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Lesson 1
Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . 176
Lesson 2 The Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
• Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Lesson 3 Changes in Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
I Read to Review: Earth’s Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Chapter Review and Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Unit Literature Sun Flakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
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Ohio: A Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Marblehead Lighthouse
Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra
CHAPTER 6
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Lesson 1
Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . 218
Lesson 2 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
• Be a Scientist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
I Read to Review: Energy Poem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Chapter Review and Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Unit Literature Popcorn Hop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Careers in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
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CHAPTER 1
Explore Activities
What do leaves need? . . . . . . . . . .27
What are the parts of a seed? . . . .35
How do roots grow? . . . . . . . . . . .45
Quick Labs
Plants and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Seed Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Plants and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
CHAPTER 2
Explore Activities
How can we put animals
into groups? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
How are babies and adults
alike and different? . . . . . . . . . . . .69
How does the color of an animal
keep it safe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Quick Labs
Make an Animal Model . . . . . . . . .65
Act Out an Animal Life Cycle . . . . 71
Animal Eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
CHAPTER 3
Explore Activities
Where do animals live? . . . . . . . . 93
What do animals eat? . . . . . . . . . .101
What happens when
habitats change? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Quick Labs
Plant and Animal Habitats . . . . . 97
Food Chain Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Habitat Comic Strip . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Life Sciences
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CHAPTER 4
Explore Activities
Why can’t we see the
Sun at night? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
What clothes do people
wear in each season? . . . . . . . . . . 145
How do we see the
Moon at night? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Quick Labs
Moon Flip Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
CHAPTER 5
Explore Activities
How does the weather
change each day? . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Where did the water go? . . . . . . 179
How can clouds help
predict the weather? . . . . . . . . . . 187
Quick Labs
Make a Wind Sock . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Model the Water Cycle . . . . . . . . 182
Make a Thunder Model . . . . . . . . 190
Be a Scientist investigations and Focus on Skills
skill builders are found in the Activities Flipchart.
Earth and
Space Sciences
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CHAPTER 6
Explore Activities
How is sound made? . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1
What does light pass through? . . . .221
Quick Labs
Tuning Fork Ripples . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Prism Rainbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Physical Sciences
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