Schlehofer_BT Epidemiology.ppt [Sola lettura]

46 Pages·2008·4.38 MB·English

by  Pino Aceto

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Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
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The brain is a soft, spongy mass of nerve cells and supportive tissue.
Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
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Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
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Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
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Primary Brain Tumours
• A tumour that starts in the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges
or brain nerves) is a primary brain tumour.
• Primary brain tumours are classified by the type of tissue
in which they begin (e.g. glioma, meningioma, neurinoma).
• Primary brain tumours can be grouped into:
- "benign" tumours (e.g. meningioma, neurinoma) and
- "malignant" tumours (e.g. glioma)
Secondary Brain Tumours
• Tumours that begin in other parts of the body may spread to
the brain and cause secondary tumours (e.g. metastases)
Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
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Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
MMeenniinnggiioommaa
Meningioma
is a general name for tumours arising from:
- the arachnoidal cells of the meninges or
- the tela choriodea of the plexus chorioideus
• usually benign, slowly growing tumours
• in 1%-3% maligne transformation to
anaplastic meningioma
• are tumours of middle and old ages
• female : male = 2 : 1
• 25% of all primary brain tumours
Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
MMeenniinnggiioommaa
Meningioma (lateral view of the right convexity). Large extracerebral tumour strongly depressing the prefrontal region.
Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
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Genetic changes associated with meningioma progression
arachnoidal cell
NF2 gene mutation/ chromosome 22q
loss ? other loci
meningeoma, WHO grade I
losses of 1p, 6q, 10q, 14q and 18q
gains of 1q, 9q, 12q, 15q, 17q and 20q
atypical meningeoma, WHO grade II
Losses of 6q, 9p, 10 and 14q
17q amplification
Rare mutations: TP53, PTEN
Rare deletions: CDKN2A
anaplastic (malignant) meningeoma, WHO grade III
Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008
GGlliioommaa
Glioma
is a general name for tumours arising from the neuroglia
(glia is the supportive tissue of the brain which help keep
the neurons in place and functioning well ).
• unlike nerves, glia can reproduce itself astrocyte
cell
There are three types of glial cells that can give rise to different tumours:
(astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma)
• usually malignant, fatal tumours
• tendency to recur
• male : female = 1.5 : 1
• 40% of all primary brain tumours
Electromagnetic Fields and Epidemiology / Descriptive Epidemiology of Brain tumour / B. Schlehofer, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Erice, March/April 2008