Schiff's diseases of the liver

1185 Pages·2011·40.79 MB·English

by  Eugene R. Schiff

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Schiff’s
Diseases of
the Liver
Companion website
Purchasingthisbookentitlesyoutoaccesstothecompanionwebsite:
www.schiffsdiseasesoftheliver.com
Thewebsiteincludes:
• EightymultiplechoicequestionsofthestandardusedinABIMboardexamsin
gastroenterology,toallowtheusertoself-assesstheirclinicalknowledge
• All450+figuresfromthebookinahigh-quality,fullytransportableanddownloadable
electronicformat
• High-qualityvideoclipsofavarietyofsurgicalprocedures
• 35casestudiesfeaturingreal-lifeclinicalscenarios.
Howtoaccessthewebsite:
1. Carefullyscratchawaythetopcoatingonthelabelontheinsidefrontcoverofthebookto
revealPINcode.
2. Gotowww.schiffsdiseasesoftheliver.comtoregisteryourPINandaccessthesite.
i
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WededicatethiseleventheditionofDiseasesoftheLivertoDrHarveyAlter,whohasbeen
anoutstandingleaderinthedevelopmentofknowledgeregardingviralhepatitis.
DrAlterisagiftedscientist,physician,teacher,andmentor.Hisabilitiestocreateand
transmitinformationwithclarityandenthusiasmhaveinspiredandenrichedusall.
Inaddition,wewishtorecognizethetremendouscontributionstothefieldofhepatology
bythelateDrBaruchBlumberg.
WefurtherdedicatethiseditiontoourwivesDana,Shirley,andAnnfortheircontinuing
supportofourendeavors.
Ithasbeenanhonorandaprivilegeforustoparticipateinthecreationandeditingof
DiseasesoftheLiver.
E.R.S.
W.C.M.
M.F.S.
ii
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Schiff’s
Diseases of
the Liver
EDITED BY
Eugene R. Schiff
MDMACPFRCP
LeonardMillerProfessorofMedicine
NasserIbrahimAl-RashidChairHepatology
Director,CenterforLiverDiseasesandSchiffLiverInstitute
UniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine
Miami,FL,USA
Willis C. Maddrey
MDMACPFRCP
AdelynandEdmundM.HoffmanDistinguishedChairinMedicalScience
Professor,DepartmentofInternalMedicine
UniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter
Dallas,TX,USA
Michael F. Sorrell
MDFACP
RobertL.GrissomProfessorofMedicine
UniversityofNebraskaCollegeofMedicine
Omaha,NE,USA
ELEVENTH EDITION
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
iii
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Schiff’sdiseasesoftheliver.–11thed./editedbyEugeneR.Schiff,WillisC.Maddrey,
MichaelF.Sorrell.
p.;cm.
Diseasesoftheliver
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-470-65468-2(hardcover:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-470-65468-6(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Liver–Diseases. I.Schiff,EugeneR.
II.Maddrey,WillisC. III.Sorrell,MichaelF. IV.Schiff,Leon,1901–1994. V.Title:Diseases
oftheliver.
[DNLM:1.LiverDiseases.WI700]
RC845.D532011
616.3(cid:3)62–dc23 2011014998
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Thisbookispublishedinthefollowingelectronicformats:ePDF9781119950479;
WileyOnlineLibrary9781119950509;ePub9781119950486;mobi9781119950493
(cid:2)
Setin9.5/12ptPalatinobyAptaraR Inc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2012
iv
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v
Contents
ListofContributors,viii 9 HepaticManifestationsofSystemic
Disorders,232
Foreword,xii StuartC.GordonandHemalK.Patel
Preface,xiii 10 HepatobiliaryComplicationsof
HematopoieticCellTransplantation,255
JoshLevitskyandNatashaWalzer
Part I Overview: Clinical
Fundamentals of Hepatology 11 TheLiverinPregnancy,271
YannickBacq
1 HistoryTakingandPhysicalExaminationfor
thePatientwithLiverDisease,3
NortonJ.Greenberger Part III Consequences of Liver
Disease
2 LaboratoryTests,17
H.FranklinHerlongandMackC.MitchellJr 12 HepaticFibrosis,297
ScottL.Friedman
3 LiverBiopsyandLaparoscopy,44
AlysonN.Fox,LennoxJ.Jeffers,and 13 PreoperativeEvaluationofthePatientwith
K.RajenderReddy
LiverDisease,316
LawrenceS.Friedman
4 NoninvasiveandInvasiveImagingofthe
LiverandBiliaryTract,58 14 PortalHypertension:Nonsurgicaland
KunalJajoo,KevinMennitt,andIraJacobson
SurgicalManagement,326
HitoshiMaruyamaandArunJ.Sanyal
Part II General Considerations 15 RenalComplicationsofLiverDiseaseand
theHepatorenalSyndrome,362
5 PhysioanatomicConsiderations,89 FlorenceWong
IanR.Wanless
16 PulmonaryManifestationsofLiverDisease,381
6 BilirubinMetabolismandJaundice,120 RajanKocharandMichaelB.Fallon
AllanW.WolkoffandPaulD.Berk
17 AscitesandSpontaneousBacterial
7 HepaticHistopathology,152 Peritonitis,393
ZacharyD.Goodman BruceA.Runyon
8 MechanismsofLiverInjury,216 18 HepaticEncephalopathy,421
HarmeetMalhiandGregoryJ.Gores RaviK.PrakashandKevinD.Mullen
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vi Contents
19 AcuteLiverFailure,445 30 HemochromatosisandIronStorage
AnneM.Larson Disorders,825
BruceR.BaconandRobertS.Britton
Part IV Cholestatic Disorders 31 Alpha-1AntitrypsinDeficiency,845
DavidH.Perlmutter
20 PrimarySclerosingCholangitis,477
DouglasL.Nguyen,NicholasF.LaRusso,and 32 NonalcoholicFattyLiverDisease,868
KonstantinosN.Lazaridis StephenH.Caldwell,CurtisK.Argo,and
AbdullahM.S.Al-Osaimi
21 PrimaryBiliaryCirrhosis,490
StephenP.James
Part VIII Vascular Diseases
22 AutoimmuneHepatitis,508 of the Liver
EdwardL.Krawitt
33 VascularDiseasesoftheLiver,911
RanjeetaBahirwani,MarkA.Rosen,and
Part V Viral Hepatitis ThomasW.Faust
34 TheLiverinCirculatoryFailure,924
Overview,519
SantiagoJ.Munoz,JonathanM.Fenkel,and
EugeneR.Schiff
KileyKolb
23 HepatitisAandE,521
JoshuaWatsonandMariaH.Sjogren
Part IX Benign and Malignant
24 HepatitisBandD,537 Tumors; Cystic Disorders
AnnaS.F.LokandFrancescoNegro
35 BenignTumors,Nodules,andCystic
25 HepatitisC,582 DiseasesoftheLiver,937
JamaM.Darling,StanleyM.Lemon,and AdrianM.DiBisceglieandAlexS.Befeler
MichaelW.Fried
36 HepatocellularCarcinoma,978
AlejandroForner,CarmenAyuso,and
JordiBruix
Part VI Alcohol and
Drug-induced Liver Disease
37 SurgicalOptionsinLiverCancers,990
B.DanielCamposandJeanF.Botha
Overview,653
WillisC.Maddrey
Part X Infectious and
26 AlcoholicLiverDisease,657
Granulomatous Disease
SrinivasanDasarathyandArthurJ.McCullough
38 AmoebicandPyogenicLiverAbscesses,1009
27 Drug-inducedLiverDisease,703
MarcoA.Olivera-Mart´ınez,and
ShivakumarChitturiandGeoffreyC.Farrell
DavidKershenobich
28 MechanismsofDrug-inducedLiverInjury,784
39 ParasiticDiseases,1017
PaulB.Watkins
MichaelA.Dunn
40 GranulomasoftheLiver,1034
Part VII Genetic and Metabolic JamesH.Lewis
Disease
41 HepatobiliaryManifestationsofHuman
29 WilsonDisease,805 ImmunodeficiencyVirus,1060
MichaelL.SchilskyandAnthonyS.Tavill Marie-LouiseVachon,PonniPerumalswami,and
DouglasT.Dieterich
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Contents vii
Part XI Elements of Liver 45 Long-termManagementoftheLiver
Transplantation TransplantPatient,1124
TimothyM.McCashland
Overview,1083
MichaelF.Sorrell 46 TheLiverTransplantProcedure,1137
BijanEghtesadandJohnJ.Fung
42 SelectionandTimingofLiver
Transplantation,1085 47 RecurrentDiseaseFollowingLiver
RichardB.FreemanJr. Transplantation,1152
KymberlyD.S.WattandMarieA.Laryea
43 Immunosuppression:TheGlobalPicture,1096
RussellH.Wiesner 48 TheRoleofRetransplantation,1172
PeterL.AbtandKimM.Olthoff
44 TheFirstSixMonthsFollowingLiver
Transplantation,1110 49 ControversiesinLiverTransplantation,1183
RajenderReddyandManuelMendizabal JamesF.Trotter
Appendix MultipleChoiceAnswers,1199
Index,1209
Companion website
Purchasingthisbookentitlesyoutoaccesstothecompanionwebsite:
www.schiffsdiseasesoftheliver.com
Thewebsiteincludes:
• EightymultiplechoicequestionsofthestandardusedinABIMboardexamsin
gastroenterology,toallowtheusertoself-assesstheirclinicalknowledge
• All450+figuresfromthebookinahigh-quality,fullytransportableanddownloadable
electronicformat
• High-qualityvideoclipsofavarietyofsurgicalprocedures
• 35casestudiesfeaturingreal-lifeclinicalscenarios.
Howtoaccessthewebsite:
1. Carefullyscratchawaythetopcoatingonthelabelontheinsidefrontcoverofthebookto
revealPINcode.
2. Gotowww.schiffsdiseasesoftheliver.comtoregisteryourPINandaccessthesite.
P1:OTA/XYZ P2:ABC Color:4C
BLBK389-LOC BLBK389-Schiff September20,2011 14:23 Trim:276mmX219mm PrinterName:YettoCome
viii
List of Contributors
Peter L. Abt Yannick Bacq Jordi Bruix
MD MD MD
DepartmentofSurgery DepartmentofHepatogastroenterology SeniorConsultant
DivisionofTransplantSurgery CentreHospitalierdeTours ProfessorofMedicine
TheHospitaloftheUniversityof HoˆpitalTrousseau BarcelonaClinicLiverCancerGroup
Pennsylvania Tours,France HospitalClinic
Philadelphia,PA,USA CIBERehd,Institutd’Investigacions
Ranjeeta Bahirwani BiomediquesAgustoPiiSunyer(IDIBAPS)
Abdullah M. S. Al-Osaimi DivisionofGastroenterology UniversityofBarcelona
Barcelona,Spain
MBBS,FACP,FACG DepartmentofInternalMedicine
AssociateProfessorofMedicineandSurgery TheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolof
AssociateMedicalDirectorofLiver Medicine Stephen H. Caldwell
Transplantation Philadelphia,PA,USA MD
DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology ProfessorandDirectorofHepatology
DepartmentofMedicine Alex S. Befeler DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
UniversityofVirginiaHealthSystem DepartmentofInternalMedicine
MD
Charlottesville,VA,USA UniversityofVirginiaHealthSystem
AssociateProfessorofInternalMedicineand
Charlottesville,VA,USA
MedicalDirectorofLiverTransplantation
Curtis K. Argo DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
MD,MS SaintLouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine B. Daniel Campos
AssistantProfessor St.Louis,MO,USA MD
MedicalDirector,InpatientDigestiveHealth DivisionofTransplantation
Center Paul D. Berk DepartmentofSurgery
AssociateDirector,TransplantHepatology UniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenter
MD
Fellowship Omaha,NE,USA
ProfessorofMedicine
DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
DivisionofDigestiveandLiverDiseases
DepartmentofInternalMedicine ColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysicians Shivakumar Chitturi
UniversityofVirginiaHealthSystem
andSurgeons MD
Charlottesville,VA,USA
NewYork,NY,USA DepartmentofHepaticMedicine
AustralianNationalUniversityMedical
Carmen Ayuso
Jean F. Botha School
MD GastroenterologyandHepatologyUnit
MD
ProfessorofRadiology CanberraHospital
DepartmentofSurgery
BarcelonaClinicLiverCancerGroup Garran,Australia
UniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenter
HospitalClinic
Omaha,NE,USA
UniversityofBarcelona Jama M. Darling
Barcelona,Spain
Robert S. Britton MD
UNCLiverCenter
Bruce R. Bacon PhD
UniversityofNorthCarolinaSchoolof
DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
MD Medicine
SaintLouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine
ProfessorofInternalMedicine ChapelHill,NC,USA
St.Louis,MO,USA
Co-Director,LiverCenter
DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
SaintLouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine
St.Louis,MO,USA
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ListofContributors ix
Srinivasan Dasarathy Jonathan M. Fenkel Zachary D. Goodman
MD MD MD,PhD
DepartmentofPathobiology DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology CenterforLiverDiseases
LernerResearchInstitute ThomasJeffersonUniversity InovaFairfaxHospital
ClevelandClinicFoundation Philadelphia,PA,USA FallsChurch,VA,USA
Cleveland,OH,USA
Alejandro Forner Stuart C. Gordon
Adrian M. Di Bisceglie
MD MD
MD,FACP BarcelonaClinicLiverCancerGroup Director,DivisionofHepatology
ProfessorandChairman HospitalClinic,CIBERehd HenryFordHealthSystems
BanderChairinInternalMedicine Institutd’InvestigacionsBiomediquesAgusto ProfessorofMedicine
SaintLouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine PiiSunyer(IDIBAPS) WayneStateUniversitySchoolofMedicine
St.Louis,MO,USA UniversityofBarcelona Detroit,MI,USA
Barcelona,Spain
Douglas T. Dieterich Gregory J. Gores
Alyson N. Fox
MD MD
ProfessorofMedicine MD,MSCE DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
LiverDiseases DivisionofGastroenterology MayoClinic,CollegeofMedicine
MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine UniversityofCalifornia Rochester,MN,USA
DivisionofLiverDiseases SanFrancisco,CA,USA
NewYork,NY,USA Norton J. Greenberger
Richard B. Freeman, Jr.
MD
Michael A. Dunn
MD ClinicalProfessorofMedicine
MD WilliamN.andBessieAlynProfessorand HarvardMedicalSchool
ProfessorofMedicineandBiomedical Chair DivisionofGastroenterology,Hepatologyand
Informatics DepartmentofSurgery Endoscopy
UniversityofPittsburgh Dartmouth-HitchcockMedicalCenter BrighamandWomen’sHospital
Pittsburgh,PA,USA Lebanon,NH,USA Boston,MA,USA
Bijan Eghtesad Michael W. Fried H. Franklin Herlong
MD MD MD
ClevelandClinicFoundation ProfessorofMedicine AssociateProfessorofMedicine
Cleveland,OH,USA Director,UNCLiverCenter DepartmentofGastroenterology
UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill JohnsHopkinsBayviewMedicalSchool
Michael B. Fallon ChapelHill,NC,USA Baltimore,MD,USA
MD
Scott Friedman Ira Jacobson
ProfessorofMedicine
DivisionofGastroenterology,Hepatologyand MD MD
Nutrition ChiefofLiverDiseasesandProfessorof ProfessorofMedicine
TheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenter Medicine NewYorkPresbyterianHospital
atHouston MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology
Houston,TX,USA NewYork,NY,USA WeillCornellMedicalCenter
NewYork,NY,USA
Geoffrey C. Farrell Lawrence S. Friedman
Kunal Jajoo
MD,FRACP MD
ProfessorofHepaticMedicine Chair,DepartmentofMedicine MD
AustralianNationalUniversityMedical Newton-WellesleyHospital AssociatePhysician
School Newton,MA,USA DivisionofGastroenterology,Hepatologyand
Gastroenterology&HepatologyUnit AssistantChiefofMedicine Endoscopy
TheCanberraHospital MassachusettsGeneralHospital BrighamandWomen’sHospital
Garran,Australia ProfessorofMedicine,HarvardMedical HarvardMedicalSchool
School Boston,MA,USA
Thomas W. Faust ProfessorofMedicine,TuftsUniversitySchool
ofMedicine Stephen P. James
MD,MBE
Boston,MA,USA
UniversityofPennsylvaniaHealthSystem MD
Philadelphia,PA,USA DivisionofDigestiveDiseasesandNutrition
John J. Fung
NationalInstituteofDiabetes&Digestive&
MD,PhD KidneyDiseases
ClevelandClinicFoundation NationalInstitutesofHealth
Cleveland,OH,USA Bethesda,MD,USA