Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Casts: Methods and Applications

384 Pages·1992·16.708 MB·English

by  Prof. Alois Lametschwandtner (auth.), Pietro M. Motta M.D., Ph.D., Takuro Murakami M.D., Ph.D., Hisao Fujita M.D., Ph.D. (eds.)

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Casts:
Methods and Applications
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN BIOLOGY
AND MEDICINE
Current Topics in Ultrastructural Research
SERIES EDITOR: P.M. MOTTA
Already published in this series
Vol. 1 Motta, P.M. (ed.): Ultrastructure of Endocrine Cells and Tissues.
ISBN: 0-89838-568-7.
Vol. 2 Van Blerkom, J. and Motta, P.M. (eds.): Ultrastructure of Reproduction: Gametogenesis.
Fertilization, and Embryogenesis. ISBN: 0-89838-572-5.
Vol. 3 Ruggeri, A. and Motta. P.M. (eds.): Ultrastructure of the Connective Tissue Matrix.
ISBN: 0-89838-600-4
Vol. 4 Motta, P.M. and Fujita, H. (eds.): Ultrastructure of the Digestive Tract.
ISBN: 0-89838-893-7.
Vol. 5 Van Blerkom, J. and Motta, P.M. (eds.): Ultrastructure of Human Gametogenesis
and Early Embryogenesis. ISBN: 0-89838-383-8
Vol. 6 Riva, A. and Motta, P.M. (eds.): Ultrastructure of the Expatraparietal Glands of the Digestive
Tract. ISBN: 0-7923-0303-2.
Vol. 7 Bonucci, E. and Motta, P.M.(eds.): Ultrastructure of Skeletal Tissue.
ISBN: 0-7923-0373-3.
Vol. 8 Motta, P.M. (ed.): Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle. ISBN: 0-7923-0480-2.
Vol. 9 Familiari, G., Makabe, S., and Motta, P.M. (eds.): Ultrastructure of the Ovary.
ISBN: 0-7923-1003-9.
Series Editor
P.M. MOTTA, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", via
A. Borelli, 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Advisory Scientific Committee
D.J. ALLEN (Dahlonega, Georgia, USA) / A. AMSTERDAM (Rehovot, Israel) / P.M. ANDREWS
(Washington, DC, USA) / L. BJERSING (Umea, Sweden) / I. BUCKLEY (Canberra, Australia) / F.
CARAMIA (Rome, Italy) / A. COIMBRA (Porto, Portugal) / I. DICULESCU (Bucharest, Romania) /
L.J.A. DIDIO (Toledo, Ohio, USA) / M. DVORAK (Bmo, Czechoslovakia) / H.D. FAHIMI
(Heidelberg, FRG) / H.V. FERNANDEZ-MORAN (Chicago, Illinois, USA) / H. FUJITA (Osaka,
Japan) / T. FUJITA (Niigata, Japan) / E. KLIKA (Prague, Czechoslovakia) / W. KOHNEL (Lubeck,
FRG) / L.CU. JUNQUEIRA (Sao Paulo, Brazil) / R.G. KESSEL (Iowa City, Iowa, USA) / F.N. LOW
(New Orleans, Louisiana, USA) / B.L. MUNGER (Hersey, Pennsylvania, USA) / T. MURAKAMI
(Okayama, Japan) / O. NILSSON (Uppsala, Sweden) / A. OKSCHE (Giessen, FRG) / K.R. PORTER
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) /J.A.G. RHO DIN (Tampa, Florida, USA) / K. SMETANA
(Prague, Czechoslovakia)/K. TANAKA (Yonago, Japan)/K. TANIKAWA (Kurume, Japan)/!.
TORO (Budapest, Hungary) / J. VAN BLERKOM (Boulder, Colorado, USA)
Scanning Electron Microscopy
of Vascular Casts:
Methods and Applications
edited by
Pietro M. Motta, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
Takuro Murakami, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Anatomy, Okayama University School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
and
Hisao Fujita, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Anatomy Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
.
.,
~
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts: methods and
applications / edited by Pietro M. Motta, Takuro Murakami,
and Hisao Fujita.
p. cm. - (Electron microscopy in biology and
mcdicine; 10)
Includes bibliographical rcferences and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6546-4 ISBN 978-1-4615-3488-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3488-4
1. Microcirculation. 2. Blood-vessels-
Imaging. 3. Scanning electron microscopes. I. Motta,
Pietro M. II. Murakami, Takuro. III. Fujita, Hisao,
1928-1942. IV. Series: Electron Microscopy in biology and
medicine; EMBM 10.
[DNLM: 1. Corrosion Casting. 2. Microcirculation
ultrastructure. 3. Microscopy, Electron, Scanning.
W 1 EL33E v. 10 / WG 104 S283]
QPI06.6.S33 1991
612.1'3-dc20
DNLMIDLC
for Library of Congress
91-7096
CIP
Copyright © 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally pub1ished by K1uwer Academic Publishers in 1992
Softcover reprint ofthehardcover Ist edition 1992
AII rights reserved. No part of this publicat ion may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Printed on acid-free paper.
Preface
In the last part of the "Ode to a Grecian Urn," written by the 19th-century English poet John Keats,
there is a famous verse that says, "beauty is truth, truth beauty." About 25 years ago, some noted
Japanese electron microscopists also had a saying aimed at giving natural scientists the basis for some
philosophical considerations; the saying stated, "the form of Nature is beautiful and often, well prepared
electron micrographs are nothing but an aspect of this beauty."
Recently, attention has been called to the role that microvascular organization plays in the functional
morphology of all organs and tissues, both in normal and pathological conditions.
Since its development by Murakami, the corrosion cast method for scanning electron microscopy has
come to be considered as one of the most efficient means of clarifying the three-dimensional features of
the microcirculation of organs and tissues. The present volume was planned to supply fundamental and
new information regarding microcirculation studies to general biologists, anatomists, pathologists, and
clinicians.
After much consultation, we selected the authors for this volume from among numerous researchers
who have published excellent papers in this field. In response to our invitation to contribute special
articles, we were happy to receive many positive replies. Most of the researchers contacted agreed to
cooperate with us and, as a result, many interesting and well-prepared manuscripts were sent to us. These
contained original findings and excellent electron micrographs obtained by using recently improved
corrosion cast methods. It was in collecting this material and looking at the illustrations of this book that
Keats' famous verse came to mind; clearly, the photographs seemed to be saying that "beauty is truth,
truth beauty."
We hope and believe that this book, consisting of a rich variety of papers, will be useful to many and
will provide both the basic and clinically oriented readers with plenty of good ideas, suggestions, and
some original and worthwhile information.
The fine cooperation of Mr. J.K. Smith, publisher, and Mrs. J. Bencivenga and Ms. J. Pereira of the
production staff of Kluwer Academic Publishers during all stages of the preparation of this work is
gratefully acknowledged.
P.M. Motta, T. Murakami, and H. Fujita
Contents
Preface by the editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributing authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
1. Historical review and technical survey of vascular casting and scanning electron microscopy by
A. Lametschwandter and U. Lametschwandter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Routine methods for vascular casting and SEM by O. Ohtani and T. Murakami ............. 13
3. Microvascular corrosion casting in angiogenesis research by R.H. Christofferson and
B.O. Nilsson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4. Corrosion cast technique applied to lymphatic pathways by A. Castenholz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5. Blood and lymphatic microvascular organization of the digestive tract by O. Ohtani and
T. Murakami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6. Three-dimensional architecture of blood, lymphatic, and biliary pathways in the liver by SEM
of corrosion casts by K. Yamamoto, T. Itoshima, T. Tsuji, and T. Murakami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
7. Morphological features of absorbing peripheral lymphatic vessels studied by TEM, SEM, and
three-dimensional models by G. Azzali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
8. Relationship of blood microvasculature to structure and function in lymphoid tissue by
A. Ohtsuka, R.L. Owen, and T. Murakami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99
9. Open and closed circulation in the spleen as evidenced by SEM of vascular casts by T. Fujita,
M. Kashimura, and K. Adachi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
10. The lung microstructure by D.E. Schraufnagel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123
11. Postnatal development and growth of the pulmonary microvasculature by P .H. Burri ........ 139
12. Microvasculature of bone and bone marrow by F. Iwaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
13. Pericyte topography of the microvasculature of skeletal muscle: Correlated analysis of
corrosion casts and KOH-digested specimens by E. Gaudio, L. Pannarale, A. Caggiati,
A. Maggioni, G. Marinozzi, and P.M. Motta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 171
14. Blood vascular casting in cardiac and skeletal muscle by R.F. Potter and A.C. Groom. . . . . . .. 181
Vlll
15. Vasculature of the carotid body as observed by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts
by T. Taguchi, T. Murakami, and A. Ohtsuka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 199
16. Organization and age-related changes of the rat hypophyseal blood vascular plexuses and
portal vessels as observed by the injection replica SEM method by T. Murakami. . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
17. Blood vascular casts of the thyroid gland in normal and experimental conditions by H. Fujita
and M. Imada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221
18. Blood vascular beds of rabbit uterus and oviduct: A study of corrosion casts by scanning
electron microscopy by W. Kuhnel and L.c. Busch ..................................... 231
19. The ovary: Three-dimensional morphodynamics of the luteo-follicular complex by SEM of
corrosion casts and other EM techniques by G. Macchiarelli, S.A. Nottola, A. Kikuta,
O. Ohtani, T. Murakami, and P.M. Motta ............................................. 245
20. Structural and functional aspects of placental microvasculature by R. Leiser and B. Koob . . . .. 261
21. Three-dimensional microvascular architecture of the testis and excurrent duct system studied
by corrosion casting-scanning electron microscopy by A. Kikuta, A. Ohtsuka, and
T. Murakami ...................................................................... 279
22. Blood vessels of the eye and their changes in diabetes by A. W. Fryczkowski ................ 293
23. Effects of antigen stimulation and irradiation on the blood vascular system of murine lymph
nodes by D.A. Steeber and R.M. Albrecht. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 313
24. The fundamental vascular structures in epithelial cancer demonstrated in an experimental lung
carcinoma by T.W. Grunt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 331
25. Angiomorphology of the human larynx and renal carcinoma. A comparative study by
A. Miodonski, J. Kus, M. Nowogrodzka-Zag6rska, J. Olszewski, and A. Bugajski. . . . . . . . . .. 345
26. Interpretation of endothelial structure related to tumor and atherosclerotic blood vessels by
] .G. Walmsley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 363
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 381
Contributing authors
Adachi, K., Department of Anatomy, Niigata University, School of Medicine, Asahi-Machi 1, Niigata,
951 Japan
Albrecht, R.M., Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, 1655 Linden Drive,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Azzali, G., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14,
43100 Parma, Italy
Bugajski A., Department of Urology, N. Copernicus Academy of Medicine, Gtzegotzecka 18 , PL-31-531
Krakow, Poland
Burri, P.H., Institute of Anatomy, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Berne,
Buhltrasse 26, Postfach 139 CH 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
Busch, L.C., Institute fUr Anatomie, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160,
D 2400 Lubeck 1, Germany
Caggiati, A., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via A.
Borelli 50, 00161 Roma, Italy
Castenholz, A., Department of Human Biology (FB 19), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40,
D 3500 Kassel, Germany
Christofferson, R.H., Department of Human Anatomy, University of Uppsala, Biomedical Center, Box
571, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
Fujita, H., Department of Anatomy, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-city,
Osaka-fu 565, Japan
Fujita, T., Department of Anatomy, Niigata University, School of Medicine, Asahi-Machi 1, Niigata, 951
Japan
Fryczkowski, A.W., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Department of Ophthalmology, 456 West
Tenth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
Gaudio, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of L' Aquila, 671 00 L' Aquila, Italy
x
Groom, A.C., University of Western Ontario, Department of Medical Biophysics, Health Sciences
Centre, London, Ontario, N6A SCI Canada
Grunt, T.W., Laboratory for Applied and Experimental Tumor Cell Biology, Division of Oncology,
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-I090 Vienna,
Austria
Imada, M., Department of Anatomy, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-city,
Osaka-fu 565, Japan
Itoshima, T., Department ofInternal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikdi General Hospital, lfuku-cho 1-17-18,
Okayama, 700 Japan
Iwaku, F., First Department of Oral Anatomy, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi
cho Motosu-gun, Gifu, 501-02 Japan
Kashimura, M., First Department of Internal Medicine, Matsudo City Hospital, Kamihongo 4206,
Matsudo, Chiba, 271, Japan
Kikuta, A., Department of Anatomy, Okayama University, Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho,
Okayama, 700 Japan
Koob, B., Institut fUr Veterinar-Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie der Justus-Liebig-Universitat,
FrankfUrter Strasse 98, D 6300 Giessen, Germany
Kuhnel, W., Institut fur Anatomie, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D 2400
Lubeck 1, Germany
Kus, J., Department of Otolaringology, N. Copernicus Academy of Medicine, Kopernika 23a, PL 31-501
Krakow, Poland
Lametschwandtner, A., lnstitite of Zoology, Department of Experimental Zoology, University of
Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A 5020 Salzburg, Austria
Lametschwandtner, U., Institute of Zoology, Department of Experimental Zoology, University of
Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A 5020 Salzburg, Austria
Leiser, R., Institut fur Veterinar-Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie der Justus-Liebig-Universitat,
FrankfUrter Strasse 98, D 6300 Giessen, Germany
Macchiarelli, G., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via
A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Maggioni, A., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via A.
Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Marinozzi, G., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via A.
Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Miodonski, A.J., Department of Oto!aringo!ogy, N. Copernicus Academy of Medicine, Kopernika 23a,
PL 31-501 Krakow, Poland
Motta, P.M., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via A.
Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Xl
Murakami, T., Department of Anatomy, Okayama University, School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho,
Okayama, 700 Japan.
Nilsson, B.O., Department of Human Anatomy, University of Uppsala, Biomedical Center, Box 571,
S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
Nottola, S.A., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via A.
Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Nowogrodzka-Zagorska, M., Department of Otolaringology, N. Copernicus Academy of Medicine,
Kopernika 23a, PL 31-501 Krakow, Poland
Ohtani, 0., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical Univer
sity, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-01 Japan
Ohtsuka, A., Department of Anatomy, Okayama University, School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho,
Okayama, 700 Japan
Owen, R.L., Cell Biology and Aging Section (151E) VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San
Francisco, California 94121 USA
Olszewski, K, Department of Otolaringology, N. Copernicus Academy of Medicine, Kopernika 23a, PL
31-501 Krakow, Poland
Pannarale, L., Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Via A.
Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Potter, R.F., University of Western Ontario, Department of Medical Biophysics, Health Sciences
Centre, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1 Canada
Schraufnagel, D.K, Section of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (M/C
787), University of Illinois at Chicago, P.O. Box 6998, Chicago, Illinois 60680, USA
Steeber, D.A., Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, 1655 Linden Drive,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Taguchi, T., Department of Anatomy, Okayama University, School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho,
Okayama, 700 Japan
Tsuji, T., First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University, Medical School, Shikata-cho, 2-
5-1 Okayama, 700 Japan
(t)Walmsley, J.G., University of Illinois, College of Medicine at Rockford, Department of Biomedical
Sciences, 1601 Parkview Avenue, Rockford, Illinois 61107 USA
Yamamoto K., First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University, Medical School, Shikata
cho, 2-5-1 Okayama, 700 Japan