Scales of Airport Expansion

223 Pages·2004·4.04 MB·English

R E S E A R C H R E P O R T
Scales of Airport Expansion:
Globalization Regionalization,
and Local Land Use
Julie Cidell
CTS 04-01
S A E :
CALES OF IRPORT XPANSION
G , R ,
LOBALIZATION EGIONALIZATION
L L U
AND OCAL AND SE

Julie L. Cidell

Department of Geography

CTS 04-01
Technical Report Documentation Page
1.ReportNo. 2. 3.RecipientsAccessionNo.
CTS 04-01
4. Title and Subtitle 5.ReportDate
Scales of Airport Expansion: Globalization, Regionalization, July 2004
and Local Land Use
6.
7.Author(s) 8.PerformingOrganizationReportNo.
Julie Cidell
9.PerformingOrganizationNameandAddress 10.Project/Task/WorkUnitNo.
Department of Geography
414 Social Sciences Building
11.Contract(C)orGrant(G)No.
267 - 19th Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455
12.SponsoringOrganizationNameandAddress 13.TypeofReportandPeriodCovered
Center for Transportation Studies Final Report
200 Transportation and Safety Building
14.SponsoringAgencyCode
511 Washington Ave. S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55455
15.SupplementaryNotes(includingreportURL,ifavailable)
16.Abstract(Limit:200words)
This study examines two main issues surrounding the increasing demand for airport capacity: the effects of
globalization and transportation on each other as expressed through local land use, and the politics of scale in
struggles over airport expansion. The study centers around three case studies to illustrate how globalization, air
transportation, and local land use are connected at the municipal, metropolitan, and regional levels. Each case
study investigates a specific issue. The Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) case investigates the geographical
distribution of economic impacts of the airport. The Chicago (ORD) case documents the changing land uses
over time around O’Hare, as well as a detailed investigation of the current land use controversy in the vicinity
of an expanding airport. The Boston (BOS) case study examines the regionally-based solution to airport
demand, specifically the attempts to encourage passengers to use smaller regional airports in the area instead
of the crowded Logan Airport in Boston.
17.DocumentAnalysis/Descriptors 18. Availability Statement
Airport capacity Chicago O’Hare Airport No restrictions. Document available from:
Land use Boston Logan Airport National Technical Information Services,
Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport Springfield, Virginia 22161
19.SecurityClass(thisreport) 20.SecurityClass(thispage) 21.No.ofPages 22.Price
Unclassified Unclassified 222
S A E :
CALES OF IRPORT XPANSION
G , R , L
LOBALIZATION EGIONALIZATION AND OCAL
L U
AND SE
Julie L. Cidell
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
Liberal Arts
College of
University of Minnesota
July 2004
CTS 04-01
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First and foremost, I thank all of my interviewees for taking the time to speak with me. I
may not agree with everything you said, but I hope I've presented and interpreted your
views fairly. Thanks to Mark Bouman and Mike Siola of Chicago State University for
allowing me access to the Third Airport Archive at the Calumet Environmental Resource
Center, and thanks to Jane Howard for providing me with invaluable contacts in Boston.
I am grateful to Chauncy Case and Dick Saunders for keeping me informed about MSP.
This project would not have been possible without the generous funding of the Minnesota
Department of Transportation and the Metropolitan Council, as procured by the Center
for Transportation Studies at the University of Minnesota. Thanks also to Chauncy Case
and Robin Dolbow for serving as the Technical Advisory Panel and CTS liason
respectively. I also appreciate the scholarship funds from the Womens' Transportation
Seminar, Minnesota Chapter. I thank Eric Sheppard, Rod Squires, and Thomas Holmes
as well, for providing a valuable set of perspectives on the many facets of this work.
Thanks to Xuejin Ruan for her cartographic skills and her patience.
On a more personal note, thanks to Mark Brinda, Cassie Grabarek, Jason Link, Laura
Smith, Gabriella Valdivia, Jeff Young, and others for their assistance, friendship, and
support. Carolina Herrera provided valuable perspectives as a political scientist and
frequent business traveler, as well as invaluable friendship. Many thanks to Heike
Alberts for providing me with a temporary home away from my home away from home,
for sending me postcards from airports around the world, and for all-around general
support and sisterhood. John Adams has been the best advisor anyone could want,
including but not limited to providing me with the freedom to conduct my research,
assistance securing funding, keeping me on track and on time, helping me to grow as a
geographer, and providing me with a role model. I thank my husband, Nathan Dunfield,
for computer programming, thoughtful editing, years of accruing frequent-flyer miles,
and for being so supportive. Finally, thanks to Robert and Sharon Cidell for room and
board and a rental car, and for more than I can possibly say.
This dissertation is dedicated to my grandparents, Joseph and Josephine Cidell, and to my
parents, Robert and Sharon Cidell. Despite growing up as the daughter and
granddaughter of geography teachers, I never expected that I would one day become a
third-generation geographer. But the way my family taught me to look at the world
around me instilled me with a geographer's perspective without me even knowing it. I
know my parents are proud of me, and I only wish my grandparents had also had the
chance to see me become Dr. Cidell.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Federal aviation legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
History of national and global airline networks . . . . . . 10
Balancing economic development and environmental effects . 12
Environmental effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Scale and globalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Globalization and transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3. METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Case studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Qualitiative methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Quantitative methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4. CHICAGO AND LOCAL LAND USE . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
History of O'Hare International Airport . . . . . . . . . 46
History of land use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Land use compatibility and municipal politics . . . . . . . 75
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5. MINNEAPOLIS - ST. PAUL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 79
History of Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport . . . . 81
Balance of economic development and environmental impacts 87
Implications for municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Implications of MSP expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6. BOSTON AND REGIONALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
History of New England airports . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
History of regionalization in New England . . . . . . . . 123
Reactions to regionalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Meeting the goals of regionalization . . . . . . . . . . 129
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7. PLANNING AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . 141
Municipalities as political units. . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Process vs. outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Mismatched scopes of planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Nature of planning and public participation . . . . . . . . 150
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
8. THE POLITICS OF SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Data on scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Theorizing scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
9. GLOBALIZATION AND AIR TRANSPORTATION . . . . . . 171
Globalization in place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Globalization and air transportation . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
10. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………190
APPENDIX A……………………………………………………………………….A-1
APPENDIX B……………………………………………………………………….B-1
APPENDIX C………………………………………………………………….……C-1
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
1. Noise contours, Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport . . . . . . . 9
2. O'Hare International Airport and Study Area Municipalities . . . . . . . 47
3. O'Hare Noise Compatibility Commission and Suburban O'Hare Commission
members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4. Proposed expansion of O'Hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5. 1950s-era housing in Norridge, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6. Industrial land uses in Elk Grove Village, Wood Dale, and Bensenville. . . 60
7. Industrial land uses in Elk Grove Village . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
8. 1960s- and 1970s-era housing in Bensenville, IL . . . . . . . . . . . 62
9. 1970s-era apartments in Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10. Old and new housing in Park Ridge, IL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
11. Median age of housing construction, all study area municipalities . . . . 70
12. Median age of housing construction, block groups inside 65 DNL . . . . 71
13. Land use compatibility index for O'Hare-area municipalities . . . . . . 73
14. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport and study area municipalities. . 80
15. Spatial distribution of firms in target industries . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
16. Spatial distribution of jobs in target industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
17. MSP and study area municipalities, including estimated 2005 noise contours 92
18. Sound mitigation program in South Minneapolis . . . . . . . . . . . 93
19. Industrial development in Eagan, MN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
20. Commercial development in Bloomington, MN . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
21. 1950s-era housing in Richfield, MN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
22. Augusta Shores, Mendota Heights, MN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
23. New England airports in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode
Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
24. Logan International Airport and study area municipalities. . . . . . . . 113
25. Logan International Airport and East Boston. . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
26. Neptune Road in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
27. Hanscom Field and study area municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
28. Worcester Regional Airport and study area municipalities . . . . . . . . 121
29. T.F. Green International Airport and study area municipalities . . . . . . 122
30. Manchester International Airport and study area municipalities. . . . . . 124
31. Hanscom Field in relation to Minuteman National Historical Park and
Walden Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
32. Federal Aviation Administration's public participation process
flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
33. Percentages of firms in MSP study area municipalities with local,
regional, national, and international markets . . . . . . . . . . . 174
34. Percentages of firms in O’Hare study area municipalities with local,
regional, national, and international markets . . . . . . . . . . . 178
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Sectors Chosen for Analysis, by SIC Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2. Population growth in study area municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3. Growth in Manufacturing Firms in Study Area Municipalities . . . . . . . . 63
4. Percentage of housing inside 1997 O'Hare noise contours, by decade built . . . 68

5. Passengers and operations at New England airports . . . . . . . . . . . . 111