Table Of ContentElectrical Engineering / Communications A E SC-FDMA for Mobile
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SC-FDMA for Mobile Communications examines Single-Carrier Frequency h m
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Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). Explaining this rapidly evolving system ri ie Communications
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for mobile communications, it describes its advantages and limitations and
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outlines possible solutions for addressing its current limitations. e l-
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The book explores the emerging trend of cooperative communication with SC- k a
FDMA and how it can improve the physical layer security. It considers the design y li Fathi E. Abd El-Samie • Faisal S. Al-kamali
of distributed coding schemes and protocols for wireless relay networks where
Azzam Y. Al-nahari Moawad I. Dessouky
users cooperate to send their data to the destination. S •
C
Supplying you with the required foundation in cooperative communication and -
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cooperative diversity, it presents an improved Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)–
D
based SC-FDMA system. It introduces a distributed space–time coding scheme
and evaluates its performance and studies distributed SFC for broadband relay M
channels.
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• Presents relay selection schemes for improving the physical layer
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• Introduces a new transceiver scheme for the SC-FDMA system o
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• Describes space–time/frequency coding schemes for SC-FDMA
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• Includes MATLAB® codes for all simulation experiments
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The book investigates Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFO) for the Single-Input b
Single-Output (SISO) SC-FDMA system, and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output i
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e
(MIMO) SC-FDMA system simulation software. Covering the design of
cooperative diversity schemes for the SC-FDMA system in the uplink direction, C
it also introduces and studies a new transceiver scheme for the SC-FDMA system.
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ISBN: 978--1-4665-1071-5 s
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www.crcpress.com
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K4794_mech rev.indd 1 6/5/13 10:31 AM
SC-FDMA for Mobile
Communications
SC-FDMA for Mobile
Communications
Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
Faisal S. Al-kamali
Azzam Y. Al-nahari
Moawad I. Dessouky
MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does
not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MAT-
LAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks
of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software.
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Version Date: 20130515
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Contents
Preface xi
authors xv
chaPter 1 introduction 1
1.1 Motivations for Single-Carrier Frequency Division
Multiple Access 1
1.2 Evolution of Cellular Wireless Communications 3
1.3 Mobile Radio Channel 4
1.3.1 Slow and Fast Fading 4
1.3.2 Frequency-Flat and Frequency-Selective Fading 5
1.3.3 Channel Equalization 6
1.4 Multicarrier Communication Systems 7
1.4.1 OFDM System 8
1.4.2 OFDMA System 10
1.4.3 Multicarrier CDMA System 10
1.5 Single-Carrier Communication Systems 12
1.5.1 SC-FDE System 12
1.5.2 DFT-SC-FDMA System 14
chaPter 2 dft-sc-fdMa systeM 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Subcarrier Mapping Methods 16
2.3 DFT-SC-FDMA System Model 17
2.4 Time-Domain Symbols of the DFT-SC-FDMA System 21
2.4.1 Time-Domain Symbols of the
DFT-IFDMA System 21
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC v
vi Contents
2.4.2 Time-Domain Symbols of the
DFT-LFDMA System 22
2.5 OFDMA vs. DFT-SC-FDMA 23
2.6 Power Amplifier 25
2.7 Peak Power Problem 27
2.7.1 Sensitivity to Nonlinear Amplification 27
2.7.2 Sensitivity to A/D and D/A Resolutions 27
2.7.3 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio 27
2.8 Pulse-Shaping Filters 29
2.9 Simulation Examples 30
2.9.1 Simulation Parameters 31
2.9.2 CCDF Performance 31
2.9.3 Impact of the Input Block Size 34
2.9.4 Impact of the Output Block Size 36
2.9.5 Impact of the Power Amplifier 38
chaPter 3 dct-sc-fdMa systeM 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 DCT 42
3.2.1 Definition of the DCT 42
3.2.2 Energy Compaction Property of the DCT 43
3.3 DCT-SC-FDMA System Model 43
3.4 Complexity Evaluation 47
3.5 Time-Domain Symbols of the
DCT-SC-FDMA System 48
3.5.1 Time-Domain Symbols of the
DCT-IFDMA System 48
3.5.2 Time-Domain Symbols of the
DCT-LFDMA System 49
3.6 Simulation Examples 50
3.6.1 Simulation Parameters 51
3.6.2 BER Performance 51
3.6.3 CCDF Performance 54
3.6.4 Impact of the Input Block Size 60
3.6.5 Impact of the Output Block Size 62
3.6.6 Impact of the Power Amplifier 62
chaPter 4 transceiver scheMes for
sc-fdMa systeMs 65
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 PAPR Reduction Methods 66
4.2.1 Clipping Method 67
4.2.2 Companding Method 68
4.2.3 Hybrid Clipping and Companding 69
4.3 Discrete Wavelet Transform 69
4.3.1 Implementation of the DWT 70
4.3.2 Haar Wavelet Transform 72
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents vii
4.4 Wavelet-Based Transceiver Scheme 73
4.4.1 Mathematical Model 73
4.4.2 Two-Level Decomposition 78
4.4.3 Complexity Evaluation 78
4.5 Simulation Examples 78
4.5.1 Simulation Parameters 78
4.5.2 Results of the DFT-SC-FDMA System 79
4.5.3 Results of the DCT-SC-FDMA System 88
chaPter 5 carrier frequency offsets in
sc-fdMa systeMs 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 System Models in the Presence of CFOs 98
5.2.1 DFT-SC-FDMA System Model 98
5.2.2 DCT-SC-FDMA System Model 102
5.3 Conventional CFOs Compensation Schemes 104
5.3.1 Single-User Detector 104
5.3.2 Circular-Convolution Detector 105
5.4 MMSE Scheme 106
5.4.1 Mathematical Model 106
5.4.2 Banded-System Implementation 108
5.4.3 Complexity Evaluation 112
5.5 MMSE+PIC Scheme 113
5.5.1 Mathematical Model 114
5.6 Simulation Examples 115
5.6.1 Simulation Parameters 116
5.6.2 Impact of the CFOs 116
5.6.3 Results of the MMSE Scheme 118
5.6.3.1 DFT-SC-FDMA System 118
5.6.3.2 DCT-SC-FDMA System 120
5.6.4 Results of the MMSE+PIC Scheme 122
5.6.4.1 DFT-SC-FDMA System 122
5.6.4.2 DCT-SC-FDMA System 124
5.6.5 Impact of Estimation Errors 125
5.6.5.1 DFT-SC-FDMA System 125
5.6.5.2 DCT-SC-FDMA System 126
chaPter 6 equalization and cfos coMPensation
for MiMo sc-fdMa systeMs 129
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 MIMO System Models in the Absence of CFOs 131
6.2.1 SM DFT-SC-FDMA System Model 131
6.2.2 SFBC DFT-SC-FDMA System Model 134
6.2.3 SFBC DCT-SC-FDMA System Model 135
6.2.4 SM DCT-SC-FDMA System Model 136
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
viii Contents
6.3 MIMO Equalization Schemes 136
6.3.1 MIMO ZF Equalization Scheme 137
6.3.2 MIMO MMSE Equalization Scheme 137
6.4 LRZF Equalization Scheme 137
6.4.1 Mathematical Model 137
6.4.2 Complexity Evaluation 140
6.4.2.1 DFT-SC-FDMA System 140
6.4.2.2 DCT-SC-FDMA System 141
6.5 MIMO System Models in the Presence of CFOs 142
6.5.1 System Model 142
6.5.2 Signal-to-Interference Ratio 143
6.6 Joint Equalization and CFOs Compensation Schemes 144
6.6.1 JLRZF Equalization Scheme 144
6.6.2 JMMSE Equalization Scheme 146
6.6.3 Complexity Evaluation 147
6.7 Simulation Examples 147
6.7.1 Simulation Parameters 148
6.7.2 Absence of CFOs 148
6.7.2.1 Results of the LRZF
Equalization Scheme 148
6.7.2.2 Impact of Estimation Errors 154
6.7.3 Presence of CFOs 156
6.7.3.1 Results of the JLRZF
Equalization Scheme 156
6.7.3.2 Results of the JMMSE
Equalization Scheme 160
6.7.3.3 Impact of Estimation Errors 161
chaPter 7 fundaMentals of cooPerative
coMMunications 165
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 Diversity Techniques and MIMO Systems 168
7.2.1 Diversity Techniques 168
7.2.2 Multiple-Antenna Systems 171
7.3 Classical Relay Channel 172
7.4 Cooperative Communication 172
7.5 Cooperative Diversity Protocols 175
7.5.1 Direct Transmission 175
7.5.2 Amplify and Forward 176
7.5.3 Fixed Decode and Forward 177
7.5.4 Selection Decode and Forward 177
7.5.5 Compress and Forward 180
7.6 Cooperative Diversity Techniques 180
7.6.1 Cooperative Diversity Based on
Repetition Coding 181
7.6.2 Cooperative Diversity Based on
Space–Time Coding 183
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
