Saving Souls: The Struggle to End the Transatlantic Trade in Africans

163 Pages·2013·3.057 MB·English

by  Hilary McD. Beckles, Verene A. Shepherd, P.J. Patterson (foreword)

SAVING SOULS

SAVING SOULS:
THE STRUGGLE TO END THE
TRANSATLANTIC TRADE IN AFRICANS
A BICENTENNIAL CARIBBEAN REFLECTION
HILARY McD. BECKLES
VERENE A. SHEPHERD
With a Foreword by the Most Honourable P.J. Patterson
Ian Randle Publishers
Kingston Miami
First published in Jamaica, 2007 by
Ian Randle Publishers
11 Cunningham Avenue
Box 686
Kingston 6
www.ianrandlepublishers.com
© 2007 Hilary McD. Beckles and Verene A. Shepherd
Beckles, Hilary McD.
Saving Souls: the struggle to end the transatlantic trade in Africans : a
bicentennial Caribbean reflection / Hilary McD. Beckles, Verene A.
Shepherd; with a foreword by the Most Honourable P.J. Patterson
p. : ill. ; cm
Bibliography : p.
ISBN 978-976-637-307-8 (pbk)
Epub Edition @ August 2013 ISBN: 978-976-637-731-1
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the National
Library of Jamaica.
1. Antislavery movements – Great Britain 2. Antislavery movements –
Africa,West 3. Slavery – West Indies 4. Slaves – Emancipation
5. Slave trade – West Indies
I. Shepherd, Verene A. II. Title
326.8 dc 22
Saving Souls: the struggle to end the transatlantic trade in Africans. Copyright
© 2007 by Hilary McD. Beckles and Verene A. Shepherd. All rights reserved
under International and Pan-American Conventions. By payment of the required fees,
you have been granted the nonexclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the
text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted,
downloaded, decompiled reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any
information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether
electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written
permission of Ian Randle Publishers.
Cover and book design by Ian Randle Publishers
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations vii
Foreword ix
Preface xv
Introduction xix
1. The Transatlantic Trade in Africans and African
Resistance on the Continent and on the
Middle Passage 1
2. African and Caribbean Abolitionists in Action 15
3. European and North American Abolitionists in Action 39
4. Freedom Delayed: The Trade in Africans after 1807 58
5. Legacies: Persistent Racism and New African
Identities 81
Conclusion 95
Appendices 103
Appendix 1: Ending the Trade to the Crown Colonies: The
1805–1806 Order-in-Council 104
Appendix 2: Ending the Trade to the Rest of the British
Colonized Territories: The 1807 Act 112
Bibliography 133

List of Illustrations
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Revolt On Board a Slaver, 1787 / 13
Figure 2.1: Ignatius Sancho / 16
Figure 2.2: Olaudah Equiano / 17
Figure 2.3: Toussaint L’Ouverture / 22
Figure 2.4: Nanny of the Jamaican Maroons, 1700–1740 / 23
Figure 2.5: Chatoyer of St. Vincent / 23
Figure 2.6: Cuffy (Kofi) of Berbice / 29
Figure 2.7: Kofi Dictates a Letter / 33
Figure 3.1: Granville Sharpe / 47
Figure 3.2: Thomas Clarkson / 49
Figure 3.3: Diagram of the Slave Ship Brookes / 50
Figure 3.4: William Wilberforce / 51
Figure 3.5: John Newton / 53
Figure 3.6: Slave Medallion (1) / 54
Figure 3.7: Slave Medallion (2) / 54
MS page of the 1807 Abolition Act / 113
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Enslaved People Executed for Protesting
Enslavement in Barbados, 1685–1688 / 25
Table 2.2: Sample from the List of 92 Enslaved People
Executed for Participating in the 1692 Protest,
Barbados / 27
Table 2.3: Fatalities in the 1692 Protest, Barbados / 27
Table 2.4: Partial List of Activists, St. Mary, Jamaica, 1823 / 29
Table 2.5: Summary of Resistance Movements by Enslaved
People Prior to 1807 / 34

FOREWORD ix
Foreword