Table Of ContentSaunders Handbook of
VETERINARY
DRUGS
Small and Large Animal
FOURTH EDITION
MARK G. PAPICH, DVM, MS, DACVCP
Professor of Clinical Pharmacology
College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
SAUNDERS HANDBOOK OF VETERINARY DRUGS: SMALL ISBN: 978-0-323-24485-5
AND LARGE ANIMAL, FOURTH EDITION
Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment
may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such
information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including
parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to
be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration,
and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and
knowledge of their patients, to make
diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all
appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2011, 2007, and 2002.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Papich, Mark G., author.
Saunders handbook of veterinary drugs : small and large animal / Mark G. Papich. -- Fourth edition.
p. cm.
Handbook of veterinary drugs
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-24485-5 (alk. paper)
1. Veterinary drugs--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. II. Title: Handbook of veterinary drugs.
[DNLM: 1. Veterinary Drugs--Handbooks. SF 917]
SF917.P36 2016
636.089’51--dc23
2015026312
Content Strategist: Penny Rudolph
Content Development Specialist: Jolynn Gower
Publishing Services Manager: Jeff Patterson
Project Manager: Lisa A. P. Bushey
Designer: Paula Catalano
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This is dedicated to the veterinary students whom
I’ve had the pleasure to teach over the years. I have learned more
from them than they realize, and their input and inspiration have
stimulated much of the work in this fourth edition. As they enter the
challenging veterinary profession, it is my hope that this book will
facilitate safe and effective use of medicines in their patients and
encourage them to keep reading and never stop learning.
Mark G. Papich
DISCLAIMER
Doses listed are species specific, unless otherwise listed. There is no assurance for
safety and efficacy in other animal species not listed. Many of the doses listed are
extralabel or are human drugs used in an off-label or extralabel manner. Federal
regulations allow use of extralabel veterinary drugs and human drugs in non–food-
producing animals when there is a valid veterinarian–client–patient relationship.
However, there are restrictions for using these drugs in food-producing animals
under the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) of 1994.
Requirements under this act can be found at the website of the American Veterinary
Medical Association (AVMA): https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/
Pages/AMDUCA.aspx. Extralabel use of drugs is prohibited from use in food-
producing animals unless certain requirements are met, which include extended
withdrawal times for meat and milk.
Doses listed are based on best available evidence at the time of the drug hand-
book preparation; however, the author cannot ensure efficacy of drugs used accord-
ing to recommendations in this book. Other patient factors or actions of the drug
not known at the time of the book preparation may affect efficacy. Adverse effects
of which the author was not aware at the time of the handbook’s preparation may
be possible from drugs listed in this handbook.
Veterinarians using this handbook are encouraged to check current literature,
product label, federal Freedom of Information (FOI), and the manufacturer’s
disclosure for information regarding efficacy and any known adverse effects or
contraindications not identified at the time of preparation of this handbook.
Mark G. Papich
Preface
The fourth edition of this handbook was developed using a similar style, layout, and
format as the previous edition to ease the transition for users of earlier versions.
Additions, changes in individual drug monographs, and expanded sections were
provided with input and helpful suggestions from veterinarians, drug sponsors, and
students or because new information has become available in the published litera-
ture. New drugs that have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administra-
tion (FDA), or for which there is new information about its use in the literature,
have been added. The drugs listed represent the most important medications used
in companion animals and livestock. Practically every drug monograph has been
updated, and more than 20 new drugs have been added. Some discontinued or
outdated medications have been deleted, and readers can refer to previous editions
of this book for information on those drugs. As in previous editions, this book in-
cludes approved drugs for animals in addition to human medications for which
veterinary uses have been identified. Information has been updated on clinical uses
and regulatory requirements. The information on drug stability, storage, and
compounding has been expanded. An increased effort has been made to include
evidence-based information on the drug’s efficacy and clinical use in the “Indica-
tions and Clinical Uses” and “Instructions for Use” sections. To facilitate the
location of important information for each medication, the sections are divided into
categories for drug interactions, precautions, pharmacology, and clinical use. Tables
for quick reference can be found in the appendixes. These appendix tables include
antibiotics of choice, drug interactions, regulatory information, phone numbers and
Internet sites for drug information, and a section on drug dose calculations.
The book is designed for busy practitioners and students who want to make the
most efficient use of their time and locate accurate and reliable drug information
quickly. The format is consistent from drug to drug, and veterinarians and their staff
will quickly become familiar with the layout of each drug monograph to rapidly
locate concise and accurate information about each drug.
In preparing this handbook, my priorities were accuracy and reliability. As in
previous editions, the indications for use and drug dosing information were pre-
pared from a review of the literature or input from clinical specialists. In some cases,
dosages originated from clinical studies; in other cases, they represent a standard
of good clinical practice, even if it is considered extralabel. Manufacturers’ recom-
mendations are considered in the dosing recommendations, but other suggestions
(extralabel indications and uses) also may be listed where the use and dosage have
gone beyond those listed on the product’s label. Where dosage recommendations
have varied among sources, I have applied my clinical judgment and 30 years of
experience in veterinary clinical pharmacology to derive a scientifically valid dose.
In some cases, it may have been necessary to derive a dose based on extrapolations
from human medicine, but this was limited to drugs for which the therapeutic index
of the drug is high. To derive withdrawal times for food animals, the highest priority
has been given to the withdrawal time approved by the Food and Drug Administra-
tion (FDA). When there was not an FDA-approved withdrawal time, suggestions
made by the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD; www.farad.org)
were used. If neither of these was available, I listed a conservative estimate for a sug-
gested withdrawal time based on the drug’s pharmacokinetics and likelihood that it
may cause harmful residues.
vi Preface
Each drug is listed alphabetically by its official name (USAN) that is recognized by
the United States Pharmacopeia (USP; www.usp.org). Following each drug name is
the brand or trade name and synonyms by which the drug also may be known. Innova-
tor brand names are provided, but not all of the brand names available are necessarily
listed. The cross-reference table in the front section of the book lists drugs according
to their functional classification and drug use. It may not include all of the known uses
for a drug, but represents the most common clinical use.
As clinical experience increases and our knowledge of the pharmacology of these
drugs expands, new information may become available for the medications listed in
this book. I welcome feedback relating to adverse effects observed, clinical experi-
ence, and omissions or errors identified. For these and other input and suggestions,
I can be reached at [email protected]. Adverse drug events also should be re-
ported to the drug sponsor directly or the FDA using this website: www.fda.gov/
AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/ReportaProblem/.
viii Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification
Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification
Drug
Classification Drug Name Brand Name
Acidifier Racemethionine Uroeze, Methio-Form, and generic. Human
forms include Pedameth, Uracid, and
generic
Ammonium chloride Generic
Adrenal Trilostane Modrenal, Vetoryl
suppressant
Adrenergic Ephedrine Many
agonist hydrochloride
Epinephrine Adrenaline and generic forms
Fenoldopam mesylate Corlopam
Phenylpropanolamine Brand names of Dexatrim, Propagest, PPA,
hydrochloride and others were human over-the-counter
(OTC) brands and are now off the market.
Veterinary formulations—although not ap-
proved by FDA —have been marketed as
Proin-ppa, UriCon, and Propalin tablets
and syrup.
Pseudoephedrine Sudafed
hydrochloride
Adrenolytic Mitotane Lysodren, op-DDD
agent
Alkalinizing Potassium citrate Generic, Urocit-K
agent Sodium bicarbonate Baking soda, soda mint, citrocarbonate,
Arm and Hammer Pure Baking Sod.
Alpha- Atipamezole Antisedan
2
antagonist hydrochloride
Yohimbine Yobine
Analgesic Acetaminophen Tylenol and generic brands
Amantadine Symmetrel
Gabapentin Neurontin
Pregabalin Lyrica
Tramadol Ultram and generic
Analgesic, Hydrocodone bitartrate Hycodan
opioid
Hydromorphone Dilaudid, Hydrostat, and generic
Acetaminophen 1 Tylenol with codeine and many generic
codeine brands
Buprenorphine Buprenex
hydrochloride (Vetergesic in the UK)
Butorphanol tartrate Torbutrol, Torbugesic
Fentanyl citrate Sublimaze
Fentanyl transdermal Recuvyra, Duragesic
Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification ix
Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification A
Drug
Classification Drug Name Brand Name
Meperidine Demerol
Methadone Dolophine, Methadose
hydrochloride
Morphine sulfate Extended-release tablets: MS Contin or
Oramorph SR, or generic
Oxymorphone Numorphan
hydrochloride
Pentazocine Talwin-V
Remifentanil Ultiva
Sufentanil citrate Sufenta
Analgesic, Butorphanol tartrate Torbutrol, Torbugesic
opioid, Codeine Codeine phosphate, codeine sulfate
antitussive
Hydrocodone bitartrate Hycodan
Analgesic, Aspirin ASA, acetylsalicylic acid, Bufferin, Ascriptin,
nonsteroidal and many generic brands
antiinflam- Carprofen Rimadyl (Zinecarp is a European brand
matory name)
Deracoxib Deramaxx
Etodolac EtoGesic (veterinary); Lodine (human)
Firocoxib Previcox
Flunixin meglumine Banamine, and generic
Ibuprofen Motrin, Advil, Nuprin
Indomethacin Indocin
Ketoprofen Orudis-KT (human OTC tablet); Ketofen
(veterinary injection); Anafen (outside
the US)
Ketorolac Toradol
tromethamine
Meclofenamate sodium; Arquel, Meclofen
Meclofenamic acid
Meloxicam Metacam (veterinary drug), Mobic (human
drug), Metacam suspension (equine drug
in Europe)
Naproxen Naprosyn, Naxen, Aleve (naproxen sodium)
Phenylbutazone Butazolidin, PBZ, and generic
Piroxicam Feldene and generic
Robenacoxib Onsior
Tepoxalin Zubrin
Anesthetic Alfaxalone Alfaxan
Ketamine hydrochloride Ketalar, Ketavet, Vetalar
Propofol Rapinovet, Propoflo (veterinary);
Diprivan (human)
Tiletamine and Telazol, Zoletil
Zolazepam
Continued
x Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification
Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification
Drug
Classification Drug Name Brand Name
Anesthetic, Detomidine Dormosedan
sedative hydrochloride
alpha2-agonist Dexmedetomidine Dexdomitor
Medetomidine Domitor
hydrochloride
Romifidine hydrochloride Sedivet
Xylazine hydrochloride Rompun and generic
Anesthetic, Methohexital sodium Brevital
barbiturate Pentobarbital sodium Nembutal and generic
Thiopental sodium Pentothal
Anesthetic, Enflurane Ethrane
inhalant Halothane Fluothane
Isoflurane Aerrane
Methoxyflurane Metofane
Sevoflurane Aerrane
Antacid Aluminum hydroxide, Aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphogel),
and Aluminum aluminum carbonate gel (Basalgel)
carbonate
Antiarrhythmic Amiodarone Cordarone
Carvedilol Coreg
Disopyramide Norpace
(Rythmodan in Canada)
Lidocaine Xylocaine
hydrochloride
Mexiletine Mexitil
Procainamide Pronestyl
hydrochloride
Quinidine Quinidine gluconate: Duraquin
Quinidine sulfate Quinidine polygalacturonate: Cardioquin
Quinidine gluconate Quinidine sulfate: Cin-Quin, Quinora
Quinidine
polygalacturonate
Tocainide hydrochloride Tonocard
Antiarrhythmic, Diltiazem hydrochloride Cardizem, Dilacor
calcium Verapamil hydrochloride Calan, Isoptin
channel
blocker
Antiarthritic Polysulfated Adequan Canine
agent glycosaminoglycan Adequan IA, Adequan IM
Chondroitin sulfate Cosequin, Glycoflex, and other brands
Glucosamine and Cosequin, Glycoflex, and other brands
chondroitin sulfate
Antibacterial Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol palmitate, Chloromycetin
Clofazimine Lamprene
Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification xi
Listing of Drugs According to Functional and Therapeutic Classification A
Drug
Classification Drug Name Brand Name
Dapsone Generic
Florfenicol Nuflor
Fosfomycin Monurol
Isoniazid Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Linezolid Zyvox
Methenamine Methenamine hippurate: Hiprex, Urex
Methenamine mandelate: Mandelamine and
generic
Nitrofurantoin Macrodantin, Furalan, Furatoin, Furadantin,
or generic
Polymyxin B Generic
Pyrimethamine Daraprim
Rifampin Rifadin, Rifampicin
Antibacterial, Amikacin Amiglyde-V (veterinary), Amikin (human),
aminoglyco- and generic
side Gentamicin sulfate Gentocin
Neomycin Biosol
Kanamycin sulfate Kantrim
Tobramycin sulfate Nebcin
Antibacterial, Lincomycin Lincocin, Lincomix
lincosamide hydrochloride
Lincomycin hydrochlo-
ride monohydrate
Clindamycin hydro- Antirobe, Clindrops, Clintabs, Clinsol, and
chloride generic (veterinary); Cleocin (human)
Clindamycin phosphate
Clindamycin palmitate
Antibacterial, Azithromycin Zithromax
macrolide Clarithromycin Biaxin and generic
Erythromycin Many brands and generic; Gallimycin-100,
Gallimycin-200, Erythro-100
Gamithromycin Zactran
Tildipirosin Zuprevo
Tilmicosin phosphate Micotil, Pulmotil tilmicosin premix
Tulathromycin Draxxin, Draxxin 251C28
Tylosin Tylocine, Tylan, Tylosin tartrate
Antibacterial, Ormetoprim and Primor
potentiated sulfadimethoxine
sulfonamide Trimethoprim and Tribrissen, Uniprim, Tucoprim, Di-Trim,
sulfadiazine and others
Trimethoprim and Bactrim, Septra, and generic forms
sulfamethoxazole
Continued
