saudi arabia's implementation of soft power policy to confront iran's obvious threats

81 Pages·2015·0.56 MB·English

by  Janice R. Long

NAVAL
POSTGRADUATE

SCHOOL

MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

THESIS

SAUDI ARABIA’S IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT
POWER POLICY TO CONFRONT IRAN’S OBVIOUS
THREATS

by

Abdullah Khuliyf A. Alanazi
December 2015

Thesis Advisor: James Russell
Second Reader: Robert E. Looney
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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December 2015 Master’s thesis
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SAUDI ARABIA’S IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT POWER POLICY TO
CONFRONT IRAN’S OBVIOUS THREATS
6. AUTHOR(S) Abdullah Khuliyf A. Alanazi

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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)

The American scholar Joseph Nye was the first to coin the term “soft power.” The soft power of a country
is based on three resources: the culture, the value of internal policy, and the strength of the foreign policy. In
international politics, soft power is among the ways in which success can be achieved without hard power. The
concept of soft power has become an integral part of today’s language for Saudi Arabia’s political leaders, who
use soft power to confront challenges with Iran. Such a concept has to be maintained for Iran to stop increasing
its influence in the region. This thesis explores Saudi Arabian soft power aimed at counteracting challenges
presented by Iran’s hegemonic ambitions in the Middle East. Accordingly, the thesis explores the tools at Saudi
Arabia’s disposal that could enable it to counter Iran's ambition of dominating the Middle East and the rest of
the Arab world.

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER
Saudi Arabia, Iran, soft power, challenges OF PAGES
81
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

SAUDI ARABIA’S IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFT POWER POLICY TO
CONFRONT IRAN’S OBVIOUS THREATS

Abdullah Khuliyf A. Alanazi
Colonel, Saudi Arabia National Guard
B.S., King Khalid Military College, 1993

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES
(STRATEGIC STUDIES)
from the

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
December 2015

Approved by: James Russell
Thesis Advisor

Robert E. Looney
Second Reader

Mohammed Hafez
Chair, Department of National Security Affairs
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ABSTRACT
The American scholar Joseph Nye was the first to coin the term “soft power.” The
soft power of a country is based on three resources: the culture, the value of internal
policy, and the strength of the foreign policy. In international politics, soft power is
among the ways in which success can be achieved without hard power. The concept of
soft power has become an integral part of today’s language for Saudi Arabia’s political
leaders, who use soft power to confront challenges with Iran. Such a concept has to be
maintained for Iran to stop increasing its influence in the region. This thesis explores
Saudi Arabian soft power aimed at counteracting challenges presented by Iran’s
hegemonic ambitions in the Middle East. Accordingly, the thesis explores the tools at
Saudi Arabia’s disposal that could enable it to counter Iran's ambition of dominating the
Middle East and the rest of the Arab world.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1
A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION..........................................................2
B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION ...........................4
C. SAUDI ARABIAN SOFT POWER INNOVATION ..............................6
D. LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................7
1. Soft Power Strategy .......................................................................7
2. Definition of Soft Power Strategy .................................................8
3. Resources of Soft Power Strategy .................................................9
4. Methods of Soft Power Strategy .................................................11
5. Tools of Soft Power Strategy .......................................................12
E. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESIS.......................13
II. IRAN’S TARGETING OF SAUDI ARABIA ...................................................17
A. INTELLECTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF IRANIAN
CHALLENGES ........................................................................................17
1. The Doctrinal and Sectarian Foundation ..................................18
2. The Political Dimension and its Intellectual System .................19
3. The Cultural and Media Dimension ...........................................20
a. Spreading Shiism ..............................................................21
b. Economic Dimensions ......................................................22
B. IRAN’S CURRENT TARGETING OF THE KINGDOM OF
SAUDI ARABIA ......................................................................................23
1. Doctrinal Targeting .....................................................................24
2. Political Targeting ........................................................................27
3. Security Targeting .......................................................................29
C. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................30
III. ORIGIN OF SAUDI SOFT POWER .................................................................33
A. SOURCES OF SAUDI SOFT POWER .................................................33
B. MATERIAL SOURCES FOR SAUDI SOFT POWER .......................36
1. The Two Holy Mosques in Mecca and Medina .........................36
2. Financial and Economic Power ..................................................37
3. Kingdom of Humanity .................................................................38
C. MEANINGS AND TOOLS OF SAUDI SOFT POWER......................39
D. MEDIA AND CULTURAL MEANS .....................................................40
E. POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC MEANS.........................................41
F. EDUCATIONAL MEANS ......................................................................43
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G. THE ROLE OF SOFT POWER IN ACHIEVING SAUDI
STRATEGY..............................................................................................44
H. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................46
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................47
A. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................47
B. RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................51
LIST OF REFERENCES ................................................................................................57
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST ...................................................................................63

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