Table Of ContentSatellite Soil Moisture Retrieval
Satellite Soil Moisture
Retrieval
Techniques and Applications
Edited by
Prashant K. Srivastava
NASA GoddardSpaceFlightCenter,USA
and Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development,
Banaras Hindu University,India
George P. Petropoulos
Geography &Earth Sciences
Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB
Wales,UK
Yann H. Kerr
CESBIO
Toulouse, France
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Iwouldliketodedicatethisbooktomyparents,BishwambharNSrivastavaand
Nirmala Devi, as well as to my beloved wife Manika for their continuous
support
—Prashant K. Srivastava
Idedicatethisbooktomyparents,PanagiotisandEvgenia,fortheircontinuing
love and supportin allthe endeavors ofmy life
—George P. Petropoulos
Iwouldliketodedicatethisbooktomywifeandchildrenfortheirpatienceand
understanding as well astomy colleaguesfor their significantcontributions
—Yann H.Kerr
v
List of Contributors
Numbersinparenthesisindicatethepagesonwhichtheauthors’contributionsbegin.
R. Akbar (187), Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
Southern California,Los Angeles, CA
A.Al Bitar(3,351),Centre d’E(cid:1)tudesSpatiales de laBiosph(cid:3)ere, Toulouse, France
V.Anagnostopoulos(91),NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens;InfoCosmosLtd,
Athens, Greece
B. Barrett (209),UniversityCollege Cork(UCC),Cork, Ireland
A.Berg (47),Universityof Guelph,Guelph, ON,Canada
N.Berni (231),CivilProtection Centre, Foligno, Italy
L.Brocca(231,351),NationalResearchCouncil;ResearchInstituteforGeo-Hydrological
Protection,NationalResearchCouncil,Perugia,Italy
D. Chaparro (249), Universitat Polit(cid:3)ecnica de Catalunya, IEEC/UPC; Barcelona
Expert Center, Instituteof MarineSciences, CSIC,Barcelona, Spain
L. Ciabatta (231), NationalResearch Council, Perugia,Italy
Q. Dai (289),NanjingNormal University, Nanjing, China
N.Das (187),NASA/Jet PropulsionLaboratory (JPL),Pasadena, CA
E. DeWitte (379), AirbusDefence andSpace Ltd,Stevenage,United Kingdom
E.Dwyer(209),EurOcean—EuropeanCentreforInformationonMarineScienceand
Technology, Lisbon,Portugal
D. Entekhabi (187), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Massachusetts Instituteof Technology, Cambridge,MA
F. Gerard (379),Centre forEcology& Hydrology,Wallingford, UnitedKingdom
N.Ghilain (309),Royal Meteorological Instituteof Belgium,Brussels,Belgium
H. Griffiths (91), Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, Ceredigion, Wales,
United Kingdom
A.Gruber (209),Vienna University ofTechnology, Vienna,Austria
D.K.Gupta (159,333),Indian Instituteof Technology(BHU), Varanasi,India
M. Gupta (29, 271, 333), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD,
United States
D.Han (289),Universityof Bristol,Bristol, United Kingdom
xvii
xviii ListofContributors
C.Hodges (91),GeoSmartDecisions Ltd,Llanidloes, Powys,United Kingdom
M. Holzman (73), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y T(cid:1)ecnicas –
InstitutodeHidrolog´ıadeLlanuras“Dr.EduardoJ.Usunoff”,Rep.Italia780,Azul,
BuenosAires, Argentina
G. Ireland (91), Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, Ceredigion, Wales,
UnitedKingdom
T. Islam (29, 91, 159, 271, 289, 333), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California
InstituteofTechnology, Pasadena, CA,United States
J.C.Jime(cid:1)nez-Mun˜oz(135),Universitat de Val(cid:3)encia,Valencia, Spain
D.Kalivas (91), AgriculturalUniversity ofAthens,Athens, Greece
Y.H.Kerr(3),Centre d’E(cid:1)tudesSpatiales delaBiosph(cid:3)ere,Toulouse, France
C.Mattar (135),University ofChile, Santiago,RM, Chile
A.Mialon(3),Centre d’E(cid:1)tudesSpatiales de laBiosph(cid:3)ere, Toulouse, France
V.Mironov (169),KirenskyInstituteof Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
M.Moghaddam(187),MingHsiehDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,University
ofSouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA
T.Moramarco (231),National Research Council, Perugia,Italy
J. Mun˜oz-Sabater (351), European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts,
Reading, UnitedKingdom
V.Pandey (29),Banaras HinduUniversity, Banaras, India
A.Petrie (379),Centre forEcology &Hydrology,Wallingford, United Kingdom
G.P.Petropoulos(91,333),DepartmentofGeography&EarthSciences,Ceredigion,
Wales, UnitedKingdom
M. Piles (109, 249), Universitat Polit(cid:3)ecnica de Catalunya, IEEC/UPC; Barcelona
Expert Center,Instituteof MarineSciences, CSIC,Barcelona, Spain
F.Ponziani(231),Civil Protection Centre,Foligno, Italy
R.Prasad (159, 333),Indian InstituteofTechnology (BHU),Varanasi, India
C.Pratola (209),University College Cork(UCC),Cork,Ireland
P.Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran (47),Universityof Maine,Orono, ME,United States
R. Rivas (73), Comisio´n de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas de la provincia de Buenos
Aires – Instituto de Hidrolog´ıa de Llanuras “Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff”, Campus
Universitario, Tandil,BuenosAires, Argentina
A.Santamar´ıa-Artigas(135),University ofChile, Santiago,RM, Chile
I.Savin(169), KirenskyInstituteof Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
S.K.Singh(333),University ofAllahabad, Allahabad,India
N.Sa´nchez (109),University ofSalamanca/CIALE, Villamayor,Spain
J.A.Sobrino(135),Universitat deVal(cid:3)encia, Valencia, Spain
ListofContributors xix
P.K. Srivastava (3, 29, 91, 159, 271, 333), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, MD,United States; Banaras HinduUniversity, Banaras, India
S. Suman(29),Banaras Hindu University,Banaras, India
E. Tebbs (379), King’s College London, Department of Geography, Strand, London,
United Kingdom
M. Vall-llossera (249), Universitat Polit(cid:3)ecnica de Catalunya, IEEC/UPC; Barcelona
Expert Center, Instituteof MarineSciences, CSIC,Barcelona, Spain
W. Wagner (231), ViennaUniversity ofTechnology, Vienna,Austria
W.Z. WanJaafar(333),University ofMalaya,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
J.-P. Wigneron (3),INRAISPA,Bordeaux,France
L. Zhuo (289),Universityof Bristol,Bristol, UnitedKingdom
Author Biographies
PrashantK.Srivastavaispresentlyworking
in Hydrological Sciences, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center on SMAP satellite soil
moisture retrieval algorithm development,
instrumentation, and simulation for various
applications,andaffiliatedwithIESD,Bana-
rasHinduUniversityasafaculty.Hereceived
his PhD degree from Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol,
UK. His primary research focuses on the
use of optical and microwave satellite syn-
ergywithWeatherResearchandForecasting
for hydrological applications. He is also a
working group partner with NASA JPL on
SMAP soil moisture calibration and valida-
tion.HehasbeenarecipientofseveralawardssuchasUniversityofMaryland
Fellowship, USA; Commonwealth Fellowship, UK; CSIR-UGC-JRF-NET
(2005), CSIR-JRF-NET (2006), University Grant Commission (UGC)-NET
(2006),andMinistryofHumanResourceDevelopmentfellowshipsfromIndia.
He has 100+ publications in peer-reviewed journals, published 4 books with
reputed publishing houses such as Springer, Taylor and Francis, and Elsevier
andpublishedseveralbookchapters.Heisalsoactingaseditoroffewjournals
and is currently a member of Indian Society of Geomatics, Indian Society of
RemoteSensing,IndianAssociationofHydrologists(IAH),InternationalSoci-
etyforAgrometeorology(INSAM),InternationalAssociationofHydrological
Sciences (IAHS),and few others.
xxi
xxii AuthorBiographies
GeorgeP.Petropoulosisaseniorlecturerin
Remote Sensing&GISat AberystwythUni-
versity,UK.Hecompletedhisgraduatestud-
ies(MSc,PhD)attheUniversityofLondonin
2008,specializinginEarthObservation(EO)
Modelling.HisPhDwasfocusingspecifically
in the retrievals of energy fluxes and soil
moisturefromthesynergyofopticalEOdata
with simulation process models.
Petropoulos’ research focuseson exploit-
ingEOdataaloneorsynergisticallywithland
surface process models for computing key
statevariablesoftheEarth’senergyandwater
budget,includingenergyfluxes andsoilsur-
facemoisture.Heisalsoconductingresearch
ontheapplicationofremotesensingtechnologytolandcovermappingandits
changes occurred from either anthropogenic activities or geohazards (mainly
floods, wildfires, frost). In this framework, he contributes to the development
of open source software tools in EO modelling and develops and implements
all-inclusive benchmarking approaches to either EO operational algorithms/
products or surface processmodels, including advanced sensitivity analysis.
Petropoulos serves as a Council member of the Remote Sensing & Photo-
grammetricSociety(RSPSoC),EditorialBoardmemberonseveralinternational
peer-reviewed scientific journals in EO and environmental modelling, and as
a reviewer for various funding bodies (including the European Commission).
Heiseditor/co-editorof2books,author/co-authorof+50peer-reviewedjournal
articlesandof+90internationalconferences.Hehasdevelopedfruitfulcollab-
orationswithkeyscientistsinhisareaofspecializationglobally,andhisresearch
worksofarhasreceivedinternationalrecognitionviaseveralnoteworthyawards
hehasobtained.
AuthorBiographies xxiii
Yann H. Kerr received the engineering
degree from Ecole Nationale Sup(cid:1)erieure de
l’A(cid:1)eronautiqueetdel’Espace,theMScdegree
in electronics and electrical engineering from
Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK,
and the PhD degree in Astrophysique G(cid:1)eo-
physique et Techniques Spatiales, Universit(cid:1)e
Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. Affiliated to
the French space agency (CNES) since 1980,
he joined LERTS in 1985; for which he was
director in 1993–94. He spent 19 months at
JPL,Pasadena,in1987–88.Hehasbeenwork-
ing at CESBIO since 1995 asdeputydirector
(1995–99)anddirector(2007–16).
Hisfieldsofinterestareinthetheoryand
techniques for microwave and thermal infrared remote sensing of the Earth,
with emphasis on hydrology, water resources management, and vegetation
monitoring.
HewasanEOSprincipalinvestigator(interdisciplinaryinvestigations),and
PIandprecursoroftheuseoftheSCAToverland.In1989,hestartedtoworkon
theinterferometricconceptappliedtopassivemicrowaveearthobservationand
wassubsequentlythescienceleadontheMIRASforESA.Heisamemberof
theSMAPScienceTeam.In1997,hefirstproposedthenaturaloutcomeofthe
previousMIRASworkwithwhatwastobecometheSMOSMissionselectedby
ESAin1999withhimastheSMOSmissionlead-investigatorandchairofthe
ScienceAdvisoryGroup.HehasorganizedalltheSMOSworkshopsandwas
guesteditorontwoIEEEandoneRSEspecialissues.Heisalsoworkingonthe
SMOS-Next concept. He received the World Meteorological Organization
1st prize (Norbert Gerbier), the USDA Secretary’steamaward for excellence
(SalsaProgram),theGRSScertificateofrecognitionforleadershipindevelop-
mentofthefirstsyntheticaperturemicrowaveradiometerinspaceandsuccess
of the SMOS mission, andthe ESA team award.
