Sartre, Foucault, and Historical Reason, Volume One: Toward an Existentialist Theory of History (Sartre, Foucault & Reason in History)

350 Pages·1997·6.41 MB·English

by  Thomas R. Flynn

Sartre,
Foucault,
and
Historical
Reason
ThomaRs.
FlynVnOL UME ONE
Towaradn
Existentialist
Theor
y
ofH istor
y
TheU nievrsity
ofC hicPargseos
CHIACGO & LONDON
THOMASR .F LYNNi st hSea mueCla ndlDeorb bs
ProfesosfPo hri losoaptEh myo rUyn iversHieit say u. thor
ofS amaen Mda rxistExis tentipaulbislm,is bhyte hde
UniverosfiC thyi caPgroe sasn,dc o-ediorfDo ,ra laencdt ic
Na"ative.
TheU niverosfiC thyi cago Press6,0 6C3h7i cago
TheU niverosfiC thyi caPgroe sLst,d L.o,n don
© 199b7y T heU niverosfiC thyi cago
Alrli ghrtess ervPeudb.l is1h9e9d7
Printientd h Uen itSetda toefAs m erica
06 0054 0 3 002 0I0 9 99 89 7
ISBN( clot0h-)2:2 6-25467-4
ISBN( pape0r-)2:2 6-25468-2
LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-in-DPautbal ication
FlynTnh,o maRs.
SameF,o ucaualntdh, i srorriecaasIloT nh omaRs.
Flynn.
p. cm.
Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecraealnn cdie nsd ex.
Contenvt.ls T.:o waradne xistentthieaolorifys t
isrory.
ISBN0 -226-25-46I7S-B4N0 -226-25(4p6b8k-.2)
l.H isrory-Philo2s.oS pahmye.J, e aPna ul,
1905-.-Contribuitnpi hoinlso soopfhhiys ryo.r
3.F oucauMlitc,h el-Contriibnpu htiiloonssop fh y
hisrorIy.T. i tle.
DI6.8.F612989 7
901-dc2I 97-5137
CIP
@ Thep apeurs eidnt hipsu blicamteieottnsh mei nimum
requiremoeftn htAesm ericNaant ioSntaaln dfaorrd
Information Scienceosf-P Paeprefmroa Prnr einnctee d
LibraMrayt eriAaNlSsIZ, 3 9.48-1984.
ForG ert
Contents
PrefTahceDe ia:yr a ntdh Mea p
IX
Acknolwegdemes nt
Xlll
WorkFsr ueeqntlCyie td xv
PATR ONE
1.L ivHisintgryo :T heRi sko fC hoei c
antdh Pei nocfth h Ree al 3
2.T heD awinnogf Tha eyo r
ofH sitory 23
3.D iatlioeccfH istorical
Undseatrnding 45
4.H istyoa rsF atca nads V alue 67
ConlscuiotnoP arOtn e 92
PATRT wo
5.H itsorHya sI tRse ansso 99
Sens Discovery
6.T he ofH itsroy:
anDde cision
118
Cntique
7.H itsoyra nBdi oagprh: y 2 149
8.B igroapahnyHd i tsroy:
ThFea mIdiilyo t
179
Conlcuosnti oP arTtwo 208
PATRT HERE
9.S aratnrtdeh Peo est iHocsift roy:
TheH sitroiaasnD raamturge 213 VII
Contents
Vlll
10H.i stoarnydS tructure:
SartarnedF oucault 237
ConclustioVo onl umOen e 262
Notes 265
Index 329
Preface:
TheD iayr andt heM ap
hed iscoifhp ilsiythn aoeusr n dgeorne
Tcnosiadbelruetn isyic tnrh see choanldf
oft hciesn yt,cu hriaetfl yht ahneod fts h e
NewH sitoriinFa rnasna cntedh epihri lo­
sopahlci ocllseI.an pg auretitchureli asre,
andde moisfst er uaclmtieustrth odionlo gies
th1e59 0s 1a69n0qdsu esttihcoeone pr erde ­
supposoiftta ridointshi ioosnrtailo graphy
ansdee metdor entdhelerta tseorm ehow
qunatii,nf o tth oromuigushigldye d.
Aso ftheanp ptehneesxe ,tm reostf h ien i­
tiaatlt awchkisslr,eeiv ntgoc hasttheen
complyao cfme oenrt carditmieotnhaold ol­
ogieresav,le etdh eoiwrni ndaequacies
whecnh allteoan cgceofduro tn htce o nstel­
latoifop nh enomen"ah ucmahalinls e­d
toyr.T"h heu macnaiosshfttsi toriography,
byw hiicnhd ivaindpdue aolpsslo eusg ht
meanainnidgd enatswi etalysml o arglu id­
ancheab,de eunn dseurs paimcoisnopgne ­
cihfisict oroifaap noss itisvniicsteth eb ent
seocnhda olftf h nei tneeecnetnhyt .Tu hre
struacslttisusmir pliytn enstihfiaetd con­
trabsyst e tatsiin"dgt eon tararalt iavned"
exeamyrpb loigraipnfhva yo orfm iochris­
toarnyid pm erssooncaciloa nld ni­gtioni
whaFto uccaaullls"t s ystPeumstm.o e"­
whactur detleym,ap lrol eratieosnpse,c ial­
lyt hlei nteiamoref t rdaitisobunejaclt - ix
Preface
centnearrerdaw teeire vnecso,m pianfso sstue bds,u bmyse pda,at nida l
quatnattioinveeTs h.e" mappoifns ght"oi rcioodcrailn aatntedhs e
cmoparatcihvairostsftiy nnrogcn hrileca tiodnisschpeitldphau seno fld­
inogfe v eanltosans ngig tlielm iean ste h feco uosfa tetntlieoand,i ng
onmea ojrh iosrtitaoin n stih"sattti imnseo t estsohse itnyot.ri"all
Butth meo arl haunmda anpsiescottft s hh esi toreinatne'rdspi rei se
harIddn.ee dr,e ctcehonent c weirptnoh s otdmeertnsh s iucggtehsatts
thepsenern eiparlloeb hmvsae r etuirdnnif erefde gnuits teoh autnhte ir
posutcstatiulrsertx oirscSttsib.ly t la,k Fionauguc lt tarnaeds ­Spaerr
sofinciiaotonfts h ciosn fliitcn toim,tsy i ntteone tac atrp eo stmodern
Satrrmeu,c ha m loedsneFs ro aucuSlutcc.ho nsvieobrnyds e finition are
asftu iilpneh iloassto hpaehryiye rn le iigoTnh.ee m bloetfmh se diary
antdhm ea cpa pett uhrewsrei tcehrasrs'at csittceyw rlhieiusln ed eo­rrsc
intgh aepipra rirerenoctnlcyid lifeafrbelneict nyer istn o"g m askeen se"
ofh itsory.
Thteh eomfre es aoinnh i osrityps al yeidnm a nryge istTeotr hse.
extenitdt e tawhliasttt hhi e s sou"feh o irsyat"os ppotso"ei hds tories,"
ita noi nsto oglipcorballe Ams. siuctce hn,to entr hnsea teau nrudin ty
oft hhei sitcoarle castnu sdbu jebcjmtat twehro,ms eea nngi/edcoitnri
(seinseta)x m inOefcs o.u rtshiees, si luseie w kiespei sitinet qmsui ecs ­
tionoiftn hugen iotrhy o mgoeneoifht ityso rritaciaolyn .Aa nltdih te
brolamydo rdailm enoshfii tosonr iogsroea vdpiehinySnt,a r rtec'osm ­
mietdht iosyrt,i bse iqnuge stbiylo ensseusdeb cjti-eonrhtiesidtc oarl
discoTuhreassneeod. t haesrp eocftt hqseu estieomnge eraw si lwle
purosuucremo parasttiuvBdiuytst.ht d e ei csitootnr acteh etimhnei s
thwer nigtosifS artarneFd o auucrlets peelicysst ci eavlrhcya pzhaard.
Hisyti iosnr tetgotr hpaehlo i sloipcthahlo uogefha tca hnt,dh veao ruis
reliastseaudre iisssn et acrokn ttrharsotu tghhweooiurrtWk ist.lh i ttle
exagagteitrohnce,oy u bled desacsr ipbheeidrlo soft s eomrppaholized
ansdp aitzireaedsla orne speelcTyth.ise vi figcnaionftc heci hsa racteri­
ztaiwoinel mlge era s pwreoe gsBrsu.it dn if refionvgte rhi es souhfei s­
toriinciatgleli lyibl,eti acbhes at rhwee igohfat n a lntaeetr ainvd
cmopetuinndge drisonttfgah nnea teo ufrre saon itself.
Sienh cidse aitn1h8 9 0S,at rrheap su blmiosrhteeh dma ons atu tsh or
doi nl eiatf iAm geo.o pdo ornto ift hpaots thummaotueasrs i awle,
migehxtp aedcdtr,me osrscaeolsn csBe.ur mtna npya goewfs o rks writ­
telno bnegfe to hreenti ·gouDfe i alReecasticaaorlnde e votttoeh pdeh o isl­
ophoyhf i osrtayn,td h waatns o etx peWcittethdh .e aapnpoceoefa v rer
TheD irya antdhM ea p xi
45p0a goefns o tferots h see cvoonldu omfte hC er uitiesq,u btbiyit tlse d
edi"tTohIretn eilgliboifHl siittoyar nyt,dh" pe u ibacltioofon v e5r8 0
pagoehfs iN sot ebfoorao nEkt sh siicfigscn,ai pnotr toiwfoh nisgca rhp ple
witthhpe or blemr leoafte itnsh(g il mcao raalnhedit) so rtyht,ei hmaes
cmoe rteonc sotrtuhpcehlt io sophhsiyty ot orhfua ntd eSraltrirees' s
writSiinengw csea. erd aelifrno gtm hoesp tatw r iftarhg mennotitsn ­
tenfdroep du baltii"coernc,or nusoctnti"its h e tthebaretmqs uta lifies
ouern tperriTsheae.i o mtf h per esveounlmt iet s eo r eacnet xs itentialist
phoislopohfhy i syat cocrdoirtnogp l ans scatttehrSeea­ dr throughout
trecaopnru Lsi.ka enp yi ee caorfc htiuetrt,eh rcee swuilhltval et ob e
jugded onnolotnyi tase stahpeptbeiuacotl ni tasb itlosi utsytt haei n
weiigthe txi pse tcobt eeadr .
Is hableal p pltyhientsgwe co tr ieroifaa e stchnoesstitiyeca n ncd
fnutcioynt aoSl atirr'tes ornescttertduh ceyo,fror o nem yoc fh iceofn ­
tentiitsoh Snaasttr r een'tsr iannttchoeee octraihli syti gosur ibdyte hde
twainnd e rirnetvlaualetosemf do riangnlt' ety( cia"tle lx isatuetnhteina­l
ticwiitatsy ho ccinoacsli ee"no crw haittn h 1e69 0hset ertmheiedd eal
of"n itegmraanal"n )ad e tics tchoehe(rteahnpecp eoe ffarle edtooom nse
anotihcner re atteinvsoeirh o anr m.oT nhyei)inrrt eaeltriIos nha,a­l rl
guiems,e dibaytt heaedm phivbailoouufuei ns ty w,h hi ccwaanlo knt he
sohroefsm oarplor biyt,c ounttehfreroi cnoegfds i ivsiaondndi ssolu­
tioorn ,s waiems tiwhnae tterireicsss ,tt ihcneug r roebfnur ttfseca ctyii t
and stehnes eThlaeStsat srrv.ei ehwissy tf oromra m orpaelr tsipveec
shocuolmdae sn os urpHreih saes .b leoernneg c ogansaip zhoeisdlo ­
phewri tab ha aslimlcoyr oault lBouottkh .a tt hheyii ohssre alvyiin ­
speidbr y aesctohnestiidcme aryraia tsiaeone n yse borrto wwoS .oI
shaulnlds eocrrfeae tuorfwe hsta cIah lil"s p oetofihs citsyo"a r sw e
proegslrsae,v itnhgse uimrm aatniadon na lfyrots hcieos ncloutfs hieo n
presveolnutm e.
Satrraen Fdo auucwlerteo t fecno mpairdneif rdefe cnotnx tt.Oes ne
senbsoetdeh m baasrsrmaennmdti ladnn oyeao nnct hpeat or ft he
younmgaewnrh etnhi env eitlcaeob ntwraadssr tan Iw.n eddei,anm o­
menotwf e akonrecs asn, dF oorauucdlets cSraitrbraeetsd h l eao sft the
nienteenttuyhpr -hcsieolnpohTehrpesl !a uyso ifb ictllhiaitissm h awlel
apepcrioanetcw ee e ntwehraF to uccaalultslh t"e m odeeprins teme."
Bumty r aesforons tudtyhipinasigi tn ra ndinesom mt e rteuol syee a ch
as iaulnmln iatfiionflgro t hoet hTehree.i ra ss eniswneh hiF coucault
toiogs u ibdyeam d o rala naa ensdt vhiestoiifhoc in sy t.Io nhr icsa se,
Prefoce
Xli
whamta syh oacnkpd e rheavpessnc ainzdiears lee fretnotc heme o ral,
nottha ee sthaenttdivo sci iaolan,n kyoi f,ne dspeciifa dolinlseyc ounts
hifisn paulb licFaotuuiclioatusn s su.at laklfeyo(n ra snod metdiem­es
scribedt oh aibs meks)ee ,pl htfaiio scrtircealla atniadvno i pspto,n ent
otfh hee gemoovfnsi yit ohnDa etas trceasnh dis shco oalrc eer diotre d
blamfoeurds heirnietnaogrm loeydr tnh ought.r eeFlgoauttcaealduk l t
ofH istwoiryta Hh e egli"aHnt" o a notdhsiecru respihov( cea nidt s
anaocnhirhsotlidc.oA unytdes at)Is,h opteso h oFwo,au ucelmtp lao ys
dicaarcivaifs tiouo nnd ertmhoiecn uel ocoefmn otdrnesi rosicme atnyd,
hed oessoi nfva oorfa m oral hiidlsea attlehu orgi hwnth ,hi i cnso t
unelt ihkoaftaSt rreeaixtnse anltiiIsnmed.deh ,ew aosn cdeie rctclhya l­
lenwgiettdhh ai psp arrseeenmtnb clea.2
Thouigiths arliwsatkyodys i stitnhgeu iwosrffhica ttfor emrt he
onei notfwe ens th,ab lelta tpeprr ebcoittahhkt ieenir ,sfa t fehra ving
flolodtw hee enotfee arcophnrh iiosswe n tweer mass,as l uagmerer
perspteocc otmipvaaenr cdeo nttrhaeTsmht.te h eomfreae soinhn i s­
toiryps a tricualpaftrort lhymi ust uals nisctferou,b d oytm he n, not
onldyir des aoenn tietnroh iosyrbt uhtio syrtp enetrresaaotEnea.dc h
sheadarn on-Plvaiteoowrfn e siaoacnn tdr ubtohrt;seh ep cttehpder ac­
ticoaflri estaoyan n d ptoihlteoi ftcu rst Cho.er srponldyei,an cdghe ­
votheudne ddrsp aogfte o"s ih siteoswrh,e"t phseyrc hoaannadl ytical
socio(laSorgtiorcraea rh)lca eoogliacnagdle neal(oFgoaiuu)cclIa.tn l
thceo uorfso eua rn alwyesm iusse,tpx latihpneh iloaslso ipighfini­c
caeno ctfh eesxecs uiroinntsth ohe it sor'ifisae nlFdoi.rn ibsonttahn ces,
moert hmaener p leeat sprusir, atrihetne eygt rowa hla t teaak(cehhsi s
kionfdp) h ilotsobo ep.h y
As ifigcnaipnottri ooefna cahu thmoart'ewsrh ihia cslIh aalnlaz ley
rmeaivnitsru atlrelriyano cgnTihtiiasn.l c udmeasno yft hees says and
invtieergwaste hdie nrtthofeu o vrol mueosf oFu casDu iltste cn''tsa3n d
et
seveorfha iulsn publlietscuhraeettdsh el eCgoelFa rdneca esw ealsl
thheu neddorsfp gaeosfr c eenptulbyl iSsathrreewdar ni tinIg s that
mentiaobnoeAvdle t.h tohuaegp hp aenaocrfFe o auuclwtok'rscs a used
afl urroyaf c tiavmiotpnyhg i plhosesb rouets pieacalmloysn ogc sicail­
entinsotnoseft, h ersseep ontsoe skm,ny o ewdlghea,as d dretshsee d
topoirfce s aoinhn i syt aoanrtly eg ntAhn.td h et erSv aorluamrjeeus st
beigngnt iobn ea pepcriated.