Sampling Physical Ocean Fields in WCRP CMIP5 Simulations

55 Pages·2010·0.45 MB·English

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ampling hysical cean ields in imulations
S P O F WCRP CMIP5 S
orking roupfor cean odel evelopment
CLIVARW G O M D (WGOMD)
ommitteeon cean odel utput
C CMIP5O M O
StephenGriffies(NOAAGeophysicalFluidDynamicsLab,USA)
AlistairJ.Adcroft(PrincetonUniversity,USA)
HidenoriAiki(JAMSTEC,Japan)
V.Balaji(PrincetonUniversity,USA)
MatsBentson(NansenEnvironmentalandRemoteSensingCenter,Bergen,Norway)
FrankBryan(NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,USA)
GokhanDanabasoglu(NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,USA)
Se´bastienDenvil(InstitutPierreSimonLaplace,France)
HelgeDrange(GeophysicalInstitute,UniversityofBergen,Norway)
MatthewEngland(UniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia)
JonathanGregory(HadleyCentreandUniversityofReading,UK)
RobertW.Hallberg(NOAAGeophysicalFluidDynamicsLab,USA)
SonyaLegg(PrincetonUniversity,USA)
TorgeMartin(PrincetonUniversity,USA)
TrevorMcDougall(CSIROMarineandAtmosphericResearch,Australia)
AnnaPirani(CLIVARandPrincetonUniversity,USA)
GavinSchmidt(NASA/GoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies,USA)
DavidStevens(UniversityofEastAnglia,UK)
KarlE.Taylor(ProgramforClimateModelDiagnosisandIntercomparison(PCMDI),USA)
HiroyukiTsujino(MeteorologicalResearchInstitute,Japan)
DRAFT February27,2010
bstract
A
This document presents recommendations for sampling physical ocean fields for the World Climate Research
Program(WCRP)CoupledModelIntercomparisonProject#5(CMIP5)numericalexperiments. Theseexperimentsare
of particular interest for the 5th IPCC assessment (IPCC-AR5). We include guidelines for space and time sampling,
andrationalizationsforalistoffieldstobearchived. Theperspectivetakenhereisthatofphysicaloceanscientists
aimingtoenhancethescientificutilityofmodelsimulationscontributingtoCMIP5. Wefocusontheliquidoceanin
thisdocument. TheaudienceforthisdocumentincludestheCLIVARWorkingGroupforCoupledModeling(WGCM),
oceanmodelerscontributingresultstoCMIP5,andscientistsaimingtoanalyzeCMIP5simulations.
istoryofthisdocument
H
• OriginalpublicationFebruary2009asICPOPublicationSeriesNo. 137andWCRPInformalReportNo. 3/2009.
• UpdatedwithcorrectionsJune2009. Ahistoryofthecorrectionsisgivenonpage49.
• Updatedwithcorrections05August2009. Ahistoryofthecorrectionsisgivenonpage49.
• Updatedwithcorrections27Feb2010. Ahistoryofthecorrectionsisgivenonpage49.
Themostupdatedversionisavailableatthefollowingtwowebsites:
• TheCMIP5locationonthePCMDIwebsite
www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/
• TheCLIVARWorkingGroupforOceanModelDevelopmentwebsite
www.clivar.org/organization/wgomd/wgomd.php
PleaserefertoeitherwebsitepriortofinalizingyouroceanfieldssubmittedtotheCMIP5repository.
Acknowledgements
WethankJohnChurchandJohnHunterforusefulcommentsonearlydraftsofthisdocument.
Contents
1 ExecutiveSummary 4
1.1 Spaceandtimesampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Rankingthefields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Sizeofrequestedoutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Namesoffields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 OceanFieldsforCMIP5 7
3 PurposesandPerspective 13
3.1 SamplingOceanModelFields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.1 Temporalsampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.2 Spatialsamplinginthehorizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1.3 Spatialsamplinginthevertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Physicaldimensionsforfluidtransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 DetailsofCMIP5OceanFields 18
4.1 Somestaticfieldsandfunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.1 Equationofstate(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.2 Temperatureforseawaterfreezing(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.3 Boussinesqreferencedensity(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.4 Bathymetry(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.5 Gridspecification(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.6 Tracerandvelocitycellregionmasks(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2 Scalarfields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2.1 Totalmassofliquidseawater(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2.2 Pressureatoceanbottom(0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2.3 Netpressurefromatmosphere,seaice,iceshelves,etc(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2.4 Totalvolumeofliquidseawater(0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2.5 Sealevel(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2.6 Squaredsealevel(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2.7 Changesinsealevel(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2.8 Massperareaorthicknessofgridcell(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.9 Potentialtemperatureinliquidseawater(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.10 MonthlymeanSSTofliquidwater(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.11 DailymeanSSTofliquidwater(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.12 DailyandmonthlymeansquaredSSTofliquidwater(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.13 Salinityofliquidwater(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.14 Seasurfacesalinity(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.15 Potentialdensity(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.16 Idealagetracer(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.17 CFC-11(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.18 Barotropicorquasi-barotropicstreamfunction(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.19 Mixedlayerdepth(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.20 Mixinglayerdepth(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2
4.3 Vectorsorcomponentstovectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3.1 Horizontalvelocityfield(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3.2 Verticalmasstransport(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3.3 Horizontalmasstransport(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3.4 Squaredverticalmasstransport(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.5 Polewardandyˆ-wardoverturningstreamfunctionfromalltransportprocesses(1) . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.6 Polewardandyˆ-wardoverturningstreamfunctionfromSGStransport(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.3.7 Verticallyintegratedheattransportfromallprocesses(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.3.8 VerticallyintegratedheattransportfromSGSprocesses(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3.9 Verticallyintegratedheat&salttransportfromgyreandoverturningcomponents(1) . . . . . . . 30
4.4 Integratedmasstransports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5 Boundaryfluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.5.1 Boundaryfluxesofwatermass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.5.2 Boundaryfluxesofsalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.5.3 Boundaryfluxesofheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.5.4 Boundaryfluxesofmomentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.6 Insupportofvertical/dianeutralSGSparameterizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.6.1 Vertical/dianeutraltracerdiffusivities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6.2 Vertical/dianeutralmomentumdiffusivities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6.3 Rateofworkdoneagainststratification(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.6.4 Frictionaldissipationofkineticenergybyverticalviscosity(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7 InsupportoflateralSGSparameterizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.1 Lateraltracerdiffusivities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.7.2 EddykineticenergysourcefromGentetal.(1995)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.7.3 Lateralmomentumviscosities(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.7.4 Frictionaldissipationbylateralviscosity(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5 ConcludingComments 47
6 CorrectionsandClarifications 49
6.1 Changesmadeforthe27Feb2010edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2 Changesmadeforthe05Aug2009edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.3 ChangesmadefortheJune2009edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3
Chapter 1
xecutive ummary
E S
ThisdocumentpresentsrecommendationsforsamplingphysicaloceanfieldsfortheWorldClimateResearchProgram
(WCRP) Climate Model Intercomparison Project #5 (CMIP5) numerical experiments. These experiments are of par-
ticular interest for the 5th IPCC assessment (IPCC-AR5). We include guidelines for space and time sampling, and
rationalizationsforalistoffieldstobearchived. Theperspectivetakenhereisthatofphysicaloceanscientistsaiming
to enhance the scientific utility of model simulations contributing to CMIP5. We focus on the liquid ocean in this
document. The audience for this document includes the CLIVAR Working Group for Coupled Modeling (WGCM),
oceanmodelerscontributingresultstoCMIP5,andscientistsaimingtoanalyzeCMIP5simulations.
1.1 Space and time sampling
Thefollowingpresentsrequirementsforspaceandtimesamplingofoceanmodelfields(refertoSection3.1formore
detailsanddiscussion).
• Timeaverages:Timeaveragingshouldincludeallmodeltimestepsoverthegivenrangeoftheaverage.Products
oftimedependentfieldsshouldbetimeaveragedasaproduct,usingallmodeltimestepstobuildtheaverage.
• Spaceaverages: Spaceaveragingshouldincludeallmodelgridpointswithintherelevantdomain(e.g.,Atlantic-
Arctic, Indian-Pacific, Global). Fortwodimensionalfields, theaverageisoverthehorizontalareaofthefield.
Forthree-dimensionalfields,theaveragesincludeallpointsinthehorizontaldomainwithinacolumn.
• Horizontal grid (assuming grid description standards): Simulation results must be provided on the model’s
native grid (including grid staggering). Full specification of this grid (i.e., all grid factors) must be provided
in a standardized grid file. A Fortran remapping subroutine must be provided by each modeling center for
thepurposeofremappingscalarfieldsontoanassociatedsphericallatitude-longitudegrid,whoseresolutionis
comparabletothenativegrid(i.e.,roughlythesamenumberofgridpoints). Vectorfields(e.g.,velocity,fluxes,
massandtracertransports)shouldremainonthemodel’snativegrid(includingstaggering)andshouldnotbe
remapped to a non-native spherical grid. Transports across a section (e.g. meridional overturning at a given
latitude, transport through a passage, or vertically integrated poleward heat transport) should be computed
consistentwiththenativegridbyfindinganearlyequivalentpathtothesectionthathasbeen“snapped”tothe
nativegrid(oftenresultingina“zig-zag”path).1
• Horizontalgrid(assumingnogriddescriptionstandards): Simulationresultsmustbeprovidedonthemodel’s
nativegrid(includinggridstaggering). Absentastandardizedgridspecificationfileandremappingtools,each
modelingcentermustprovideremappedscalarfieldsontoasphericalgrid,withcomparableresolutiontothe
nativegrid(i.e.,roughlythesamenumberofgridpoints),inadditiontothenativegridscalarfields. Vectorfields
(e.g.,velocity,fluxes,transports)shouldremainonthemodel’snativegrid(includingstaggering)andshouldnot
beremappedtoasphericalgrid. Transportsacrossasection(e.g. meridionaloverturningatagivenlatitude,
transportthroughapassage, orverticallyintegratedpolewardheattransport)shouldbecomputedconsistent
withthenativegridbyfindinganearlyequivalentpathtothesectionthathasbeen“snapped”tothenativegrid
(oftenresultingina“zig-zag”path).
• Verticalgrid: Allmodeloutputshouldbereportedonthemodel’snativeverticalgrid. Forisopycnalorterrain
followingmodels, outputshouldalsoberecordedonanassociatedrescaledgeopotentialorrescaledpressure
4
grid, withresolutiondirectlycomparabletothatofthenativegrid. Verticalremappingtothenon-nativegrid
shouldbeperformedeverymodeltimestepandinaconservativemanner. Remappingsubsampledfieldscan
leadtoerroneousanalysis,somustbeavoided.
• FluxUnits: Fluidtransportshouldberecordedasamasstransport(kg/s)ratherthanvolumetransport(m3/s).
1.2 Ranking the fields
WGCM(2007)recommendsalistoffieldsfortheCMIP3archive. Theyproposetwolevelsofpriority: highandlow.
Given the more extensive list of variables presented here, with more anticipated for future CMIPs, we propose the
followingcharacterizationthatallowsmorefinegrainspecifications:
• Level-0fieldsprovide:
– Arudimentarycharacterizationofthemodelconfiguration;
– Abroadassessmentofthesimulatedclimatestate;
– Abroadassessmentofthesimulatedclimatechange.
ThesefieldsserveasabaselinefortheCMIP5repository.
• Level-1fieldsarecharacterizedbyoneormoreofthefollowingqualities:
– fieldsthatrenderameasureofthemassandtracertransportsovertheglobe,withinsemi-enclosedbasins,
oracrosssections;
– fields that allow for a quantification of mass, heat, salt, and momentum budgets on a global or regional
scale;
– subsetsofLevel-0fieldsthatfacilitateamoreconvenientmeansofperformingaquickassessment.
• Level-2fieldsarecharacterizedbyoneormoreofthefollowingqualities:
– auxiliaryfieldsthatrenderamorecompletecharacterizationofthesimulation;
– fieldsthatallowforprocesslevelbudgetanalysis;
– fieldsthatprovideforamoredetailedstudyoftransientsand/orvariability;
– fieldsthatcharacterizesubgridscaleparameterizations.
Many CMIP5 participants will have limitations in resources that preclude them from submitting some of the fields,
evensomeofthebaselineLevel-0fields. IncompletesubmissionsalsooccurredforCMIP3. AstheCMIPprocessis
voluntary,thereisnoallornothingcriterionimposedoncontributors. Sotheprioritizationtermshighandlowhavean
uncertainmeaning. Ineffect,prioritizationoccurswithineachmodelgroupbasedontheirdesiretohavetheirmodel
outputincludedinthemanycomparisonstudiesspawnedbythearchivedresults. Wethusprefertheproposedlevel
categorization defined here, as it allows for a reasonably coherent partitioning of the fields suggested for CMIP5 by
identifyingcommonscientificusesofthefields.
1.3 Size of requested output
RelativetoCMIP3,weareproposingaratherlargenumberofnewfields. Itisthusappropriatetoconsiderwhethera
modelingcentershouldaimtoarchiveallfieldsforallexperiments. Weanticipatethatdoingsoisunreasonable,both
for the modeling centers and for the archive repository. It is particularly difficult to archive new three dimensional
fields. Wearethusledtoconsiderhowtogarneranontriviallevelofscientificusefromafieldwithoutoverwhelming
thearchives. Weaddressthisissueinthefollowingmanners:
• Someofthenewlyrequestedfieldswillbeofscientificuseeveniftheyaresavedonlyforthehistoricalexperiment.
TheCFC-11tracersuggestedinSection4.2isanobviouscandidateforsavingjustinthehistoricalexperiment.
• FieldslistedinTables2.9and2.10(seeSections4.6and4.7),whichsupportacharacterizationoftheverticaland
lateralsubgridscale(SGS)parameterizations,shouldbesavedasclimatologicalmonthlymeanscomputedfrom
01JAN1986to31DEC2005fortheCMIP5“historical”experiment(ratherthansavingthefieldsforeverymonth
simulatedandeveryexperiment).
Eachoftheserecommendationsleadstoatremendousreductioninthemodeloutput,yetwithoutsacrificingmuchof
thescientificutilityofthesenewfields.
5
1.4 Names of fields
Tofacilitatearchivingfields,itisusefultohaveanassociatedstandardname. WGCM(2007)presentsstandardnames
forthefieldsinCMIP3. WerecommendusingthesamenamesforCMIP5fieldsthatarethesameasinCMIP3. TheCF
metadataconventions“standardnames”listedhereareinsomecasesprovisional. Afinalapprovedlistwillappearon
thePCMDIwebsitealterin2009.
Notes
1Thezig-zagapproachyieldsconservativetransportifthemodelformulationisbasedonfinitevolumes,asisthecaseformany
oceanclimatemodels. Finiteelementmodelsareanotableexception,wheredifferenttechniqueshavebeenproposedtocompute
transports(CotterandGorman,2008;Sidorenkoetal.,2009).
6
Chapter 2
cean ields for
O F CMIP5
This chapter presents a tabulated list of ocean model fields recommended for the CMIP5 archive. In each table, we
present the field name; its relation to CMIP3 as detailed in WGCM (2007) (same field, modified field, or new field);
physicalunits;timesamplingforoutput(meanoverdayormonth,ormaxoveradayormonth);spatialshapeofthe
field; level characterization; and for what experiment the fields should be saved (all experiments, just the historical
experiment, or only one entry as a representation for all experiments). Unless otherwise specified, results should
be submitted for the full length of each IPCC scenario experiment. All fields should be reported as “missing” over
gridcellsthatareentirelyland. Thespatialshapeofafieldthathasnohorizontaldimension(s)isindicatedbya0,
whereashorizontaltwodimensionalfieldsaredenotedXY,verticaltwodimensionalfieldsaredenotedYZorYρ,and
three-dimensionalfieldsaredenotedXYZ.2
standardname CMIP3 units time shape level expt
seawaterequationofstate new fcnofθ,S,p N/A Fortran 0 once
seawaterfreezingtemperatureequation new fcnofS,p N/A Fortran 0 once
referenceseawaterdensityforboussinesqapproximation new kg/m3 static 0 0 once
seafloordepthbelowgeoid same m static XY 0 once
gridspecification(lengths,areas) new mandm2 static XY 0 once
region new dimensionless static XY 1 once
Table2.1: ThistablepresentsstaticfieldsandfunctionstobesavedfortheoceanmodelcomponentinCMIP5.
Thesefieldsprovidebasicinformationaboutthemodelconfiguration,andneedonlybearchivedonceforall
themodelexperimentsintheCMIP5repository(hencethe“once”entryfortheexperimentcolumn). Listed
arethefieldname,itsrelationtorecommendationsforCMIP3fromWGCM(2007)(same,new,modified),
units,timeaverageforoutput,shapeofthefield,andranklevel. TheCFmetadataconventions“standard
names”listedhereareinsomecasesprovisional. AfinalapprovedlistwillappearonthePCMDIwebsite
laterin2009. Notethattheequationofstateandtheseawaterfreezingtemperatureshouldbearchivedas
Fortransubroutines. RefertoSection4.1formoredetails.
Notes
2XYZisashorthandforthemoredetailedprescriptionofbothhorizontalandverticalgridsgiveninSections3.1.2and3.1.3. For
example,isopycnalcoordinateoceanmodelsmustsubmitthree-dimensionalfieldsonbothXYZandtheirnativeXYρ. Incontrast,
pressurecoordinatemodelsneednotremaptheiroutputtogeopotential,sothatXYZrepresentsashorthandforXYp.
7
standardname CMIP3 units time shape level expt
seawatermass new kg month 0 0 all
seawaterpressureatseafloor new dbar month XY 0 all
seawaterpressureatseawatersurface new dbar month XY 1 all
seawatervolume new m3 month 0 0 all
seasurfaceheightabovegeoid same m month XY 0 all
squareofseasurfaceheightabovegeoid new m2 month XY 2 all
globalaveragesealevelchange same m month 0 0 all
globalaveragestericsealevelchange new m month 0 0 all
globalaveragethermostericsealevelchange same m month 0 0 all
seawatermassperunitarea new kg/m2 month XYZ 0 all
cellthickness new m month XYZ 0 all
seawaterpotentialtemperature same K month XYZ 0 all
seawaterpotentialtemperature same K month 0 0 all
seasurfacetemperature same K month XY 1 all
seasurfacetemperature new K day XY 2 all
squareofseasurfacetemperature new K2 month XY 2 all
squareofseasurfacetemperature new K2 day XY 2 all
seawatersalinity same psu month XYZ 0 all
seawatersalinity new psu month 0 0 all
seasurfacesalinity new psu month XY 1 all
seawaterpotentialdensity same kg/m3 month XYZ 2 all
seawateragesincesurfacecontact new year month XYZ 2 all
molesperunitmassofcfc11inseawater new mol/kg month XYZ 2 hist
oceanbarotropicmassstreamfunction mod kg/s month XY 2 all
oceanmixedlayerthicknessdefinedbysigmat mod m month XY 2 all
squareofoceanmixedlayerthicknessdefinedbysigmat new m2 month XY 2 all
oceanmixedlayerthicknessdefinedbymixingscheme new m dailymax XY 2 all
oceanmixedlayerthicknessdefinedbymixingscheme new m monthlymax XY 2 all
Table2.2: ThistablesummarizesthescalarfieldsthatshouldbesavedfromtheoceancomponentinCMIP5
oceanmodelsimulations. Listedarethefieldname,itsrelationtorecommendationsforCMIP3fromWGCM
(2007) (same, new, modified), units, time average for output, shape of the field, and rank level. The CF
metadata conventions “standard names” listed here are in some cases provisional. A final approved list
willappearonthePCMDIwebsitelaterin2009. NotethatCFC-11shouldbearchivedonlyforthehistorical
experiment. SeeSection4.2formoredetails.
8
standardname CMIP3 units time shape level expt
seawaterxvelocity same m/s month XYZ 0 all
seawateryvelocity same m/s month XYZ 0 all
upwardoceanmasstransport mod kg/s month XYZ 0 all
squareofupwardoceanmasstransport new (kg/s)2 month XYZ 0 all
oceanmassxtransport new kg/s month XYZ 1 all
oceanmassytransport new kg/s month XYZ 1 all
oceanmeridionaloverturningmassstreamfunction mod kg/s month YZ-basin 1 all
oceanmeridionaloverturningmassstreamfunction new kg/s month Yρ-basin 1 all
oceanyoverturningmassstreamfunction new kg/s month YZ-basin 1 all
oceanyoverturningmassstreamfunction new kg/s month Yρ-basin 1 all
oceanmeridionaloverturningmassstreamfunctionduetobolusadvection new kg/s month YZ-basin 2 all
oceanmeridionaloverturningmassstreamfunctionduetobolusadvection new kg/s month Yρ-basin 2 all
oceanyoverturningmassstreamfunctionduetobolusadvection new kg/s month YZ-basin 2 all
oceanyoverturningmassstreamfunctionduetobolusadvection new kg/s month Yρ-basin 2 all
northwardoceanheattransport mod W month XY 1 all
northwardoceanheattransportduetobolusadvection new W month XY 2 all
northwardoceanheattransportduetodiffusion new W month XY 2 all
oceanheatxtransport new W month XY 1 all
oceanheatytransport same W month XY 1 all
oceanheatxtransportduetobolusadvection new W month XY 2 all
oceanheatxtransportduetodiffusion new W month XY 2 all
oceanheatytransportduetobolusadvection new W month XY 2 all
oceanheatytransportduetodiffusion new W month XY 2 all
northwardoceanheattransportduetogyre same W month Y-basin 1 all
northwardoceanheattransportduetooverturning same W month Y-basin 1 all
northwardoceansalttransportduetogyre same kg/s month Y-basin 1 all
northwardoceansalttransportduetooverturning same kg/s month Y-basin 1 all
Table2.3: Thistablesummarizesthevectorfields,orcomponentsofvectorfields,thatshouldbesavedfrom
theoceancomponentinCMIP5simulations. Listedarethefieldname,itsrelationtorecommendationsfor
CMIP3fromWGCM(2007)(same, new, modified), units, timeaverageforoutput, shapeofthefield, and
ranklevel. TheCFmetadataconventions“standardnames”listedhereareinsomecasesprovisional. Afinal
approvedlistwillappearonthePCMDIwebsitelaterin2009. Certainofthefieldsshouldbepartitioned
intoAtlantic-Arctic,Indian-Pacific,andGlobalregions. SeeSection4.3forfurtherdetails.
Standardname CMIP3 units time shape level expt
barentsopening new kg/s month 0 1 all
beringstrait new kg/s month 0 1 all
canadianarchipelago new kg/s month 0 1 all
denmarkstrait new kg/s month 0 1 all
drakepassage new kg/s month 0 1 all
englishchannel new kg/s month 0 1 all
pacificequatorialundercurrent new kg/s month 0 1 all
faroescotlandchannel new kg/s month 0 1 all
floridabahamasstrait new kg/s month 0 1 all
framstrait new kg/s month 0 1 all
icelandfaroechannel new kg/s month 0 1 all
indonesianthroughflow new kg/s month 0 1 all
mozambiquechannel new kg/s month 0 1 all
taiwanandluzonstraits new kg/s month 0 1 all
windwardpassage new kg/s month 0 1 all
Table 2.4: This table summarizes the sections for archiving the vertically integrated mass trans-
port from the ocean component in CMIP5 simulations, to be identified by the CF standard name
sea water transport across line. Eachgeographicalregionhasanassociatedstring-valuedcoordinategiven
bythenamein thistable(seeSection4.4forfurtherdetails). Listedarethefieldname, itsrelation torec-
ommendationsforCMIP3fromWGCM(2007)(same,new,modified),units,timeaverageforoutput,shape
ofthefield,andranklevel. TheCFmetadataconventions“standardnames”listedhereareinsomecases
provisional. AfinalapprovedlistwillappearonthePCMDIwebsitelaterin2009.
9
standardname CMIP3 units time shape level expt
rainfallflux mod kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
snowfallflux mod kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
waterevaporationflux new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
waterfluxintoseawaterfromrivers new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
waterfluxintoseawaterfromicebergs same kg/(m2s) month XYZ 1 all
waterfluxintoseawaterduetoseaicethermodynamics new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
waterfluxintoseawater new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
waterfluxintoseawaterwithoutfluxcorrection new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
waterfluxcorrection same kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
Table 2.5: This table provides a summary of the air-sea and ice-sea boundary fluxes of water mass that
shouldbesavedfromtheoceanmodelcomponentinCMIP5simulations. Positivefluxesareintotheocean,
withthesingleexceptionofevaporation,whichispositiveforwaterleavingtheliquidocean. Listedarethe
field name, its relation to recommendations for CMIP3 from WGCM (2007) (same, new, modified), units,
timeaverageforoutput,shapeofthefield,andranklevel. TheCFmetadataconventions“standardnames”
listedhereareinsomecasesprovisional. AfinalapprovedlistwillappearonthePCMDIwebsitelaterin
2009. SeeSection4.5.1fordetails.
standardname CMIP3 units time shape level expt
virtualsaltfluxintoseawaterduetorainfall new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
virtualsaltfluxintoseawaterduetoevaporation new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
virtualsaltfluxintoseawaterfromrivers new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
virtualsaltfluxintoseawaterduetoseaicethermodynamics new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
virtualsaltfluxintoseawater new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
virtualsaltfluxcorrection same kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
downwardseaicebasalsaltflux new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
saltfluxintoseawaterfromrivers new kg/(m2s) month XY 1 all
Table2.6: Thistableprovidesasummaryoftheair-seaandice-seaboundaryfluxesofsaltmassthatshould
besavedfromtheoceanmodelcomponentinCMIP5simulations. Positivefluxesareintotheocean. Listed
arethefieldname,itsrelationtorecommendationsforCMIP3fromWGCM(2007)(same,new,modified),
units,timeaverageforoutput,shapeofthefield,andranklevel. TheCFmetadataconventions“standard
names”listedhereareinsomecasesprovisional. AfinalapprovedlistwillappearonthePCMDIwebsite
laterin2009. SeeSection4.5.2fordetails.
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